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Gender Equality: Gender Stereotypes and its Effects

among Senior High School Students

A Research Proposal Presented to

Professor Karen M. Villamartin
Adviser

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research I

By:
Candolesas, Carlo
Hornachos, Dianna
Montorio, Rezarose
Salazar, Izzabelle
Sanidad, Princess

January 2019
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Gender Equality strives for equality for both men and women by

planting the idea of respecting human rights into the society’s mind. It is

the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless

of gender in participating in the economy and making decisions. It is more

than a goal itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing

poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good

governance. It has been typically a women’s movement for women, but it

is really the impact of gender inequality and how it is affecting men has

not really been addressed.

A gender stereotype is a widely held belief or generalization about

the behaviors, characteristics and roles performed by women and men.

Female stereotypical roles include being rational, career driven and

strong. These assumptions can be negative (e.g. women are irrational,

men are insensitive) or seemingly begin (e.g. women are nurturing, men

are leaders). However, all stereotyping can be limiting.

In this century, the society saw the advancement of women across

a wide range of economic, social and political indicators in all regions of

our world which brings closer to gender equality. On the other side, men
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as community, political or religious leaders often have the access to a

large variety of resources, such as health and educational services. In

which the society had already accepted the equality between men and

women.

Despite of those improvements, everyone still have that set of ideas

regarding on how we should expect men and women to dress, behave and

present themselves. In that case, different types of stereotyping people are

found. However, these stereotypes generally depends on race, sex and

ethnicity. Every society, ethnic groups and culture has their own gender

role expectations. Gender roles is defined as a social role encompassing a

range of behaviors and attitudes that is generally acceptable, appropriate

and desirable on what their sexual orientation is.

You may probably see gender stereotypes all around you. This

stereotypical expectations does not only reflect existing differences but

also impact the way men and women define themselves and others.

You may probably see gender stereotypes all around you. This

stereotypical expectations does not only reflect existing differences but

also impact the way men and women define themselves and others.
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Background of the study

In the age of 3 years old, a child can stereotype by showing them a

pictures of objects and as they grow older they are more likely to think

that stereotyping is just an option but they do not think it is offensive to

others. Gender stereotypes may cause low self-esteem because some

people think that they cannot do what they want to do because “they are

like this” and “they are like that”, also they might feel embarrassed or

uncomfortable whenever they go.

In a study of gender stereotypes by Jacobs (1991) it was found that

parent stereotypes interact with the sex of their child to directly influence

their child’s self-perceptions, and both the parent stereotypes and the

child’s self-perceptions influence the child’s performance. Stereotype

threat is being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristics, a negative

stereotype about one’s group. In the case of gender, it is the implicit belief

in gender stereotype that women perform worse than men which is

proposed to lead to lower performance by women.

Gender stereotypes are extremely common in society. One of the

reasons this may be is simply because it is easier on the brain to

stereotype. Gender stereotypes appear to have an effect at an early age.

In one study, the effect of gender stereotypes on children’s mathematical

abilities were tested.

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In many different ways gender stereotypes have far-reaching

societal influence and are detrimental to the lives of both men and women.

They limit people freedom and choices. They lead to discrimination. They

cause unnecessary suffering. Because of the insidious effects gender

stereotypes need to be addressed on different levels and by different

actors.

Through these stories the study traced and mapped existing gender

norms and perceptions as well as the impact of gender stereotypes on the

lives of the people, including their education and vocational choices,

relationships, everyday life, health, power, violence, participation in social

life.

The international human rights law framework prohibits gender

stereotypes and stereotyping which undermine the enjoyments of human

rights and fundamental freedoms. States have obligation to eliminate

discrimination against men and women in all areas of their lives. This

obligation requires states to take measures to address gender stereotypes

both in public and private life as well as to refrain from stereotyping.

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Objectives of the Study

The aim of this study is to find out the possible influence of gender

stereotypes on male and female. This study is important to reveal the

position of male and female in any organization regarding their

leadership. Leader is important whether it is male or female. Leader has

significance role in making others performance effective. Leadership

depends on personality and abilities of leader. In that case, leader should

not be differentiated by gender. Both gender has the potential to be a good

leader.

1. To determine the gender stereotypes to Senior High School

Students.

2. To determine the importance of gender equality to Senior High

School Students.

3. To know the ways to support gender equality and equal

responsibilities.
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Statement of the problem

This study was conducted in an attempt to know the effects of

gender stereotypes, to know the importance and to support gender

equality among Senior High School Students. Specifically this research

attempts to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of gender stereotypes among Senior High

School Students?

2. What are the importance of gender equality to Senior High School

Students?

3. What are the ways to support gender equality and equal

responsibilities?
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Scope and Limitations of the Study

The researchers are going to conduct this research on some

Senior High School Students in University of Makati-HSU. We will focus

more on how gender stereotypes affects their daily lives and to promote

gender equality.

Significance of the Study

Gender stereotypes limits what women and men can do. We may

not be aware of it but it really ruins one’s life. Gender equality is a term

used to explain the equivalent balance between women and men in every

life’s field. Through generations, it does not refer to equal treatment in

both men and women.

The significance of this study is that of promoting equality between

men and women and even the third sex which is the LGBT Community.

Through this, the responsibility matters is going to unwrapped in a

specific area. This will help to find deeper understanding in gender

stereotype. It will also give an opportunity for the LGBT community to

speak-out their rights and what they can do more than what a

heterosexual can do.

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This research will help us to realize men’s and women’s full

potential. The promotion of human rights and the equal opportunity to

contribute to the betterment of the society are essential in the

development process and without equal participation of men and women

there can be no real, sustainable development. Without the help of each

other, there can be no progress. This research should be carried out

because gender equality has a big impact in the society especially in

school. The progression can’t work on if there is a responsibility matters

between men and women. This will help to enhance our skills to surpass

what the opposite gender can do. Change is coming and the changes will

start to the one who will make a change.

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Conceptual Framework

Input

•Causes of Gender Process

Stereotypes
•Effect of Gender •Surveys Output
Stereotypes
•Issues on Gender •Awareness to the
Stereotypes students of University of
Makati-HSU on the
effects of Gender
Stereotypes
•Promote Gender
Equality
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Conceptual Framework Discussion

Input

1.Causes of Gender Stereotypes

Adults play a key role in the causes of gender roles among the

teenagers because they pass on what they were taught when they were

younger. By the time a baby is born, they are exposed to gender roles.

What causes parents to treat sons and daughters are differently dressing

the newborn babies in gender specific colors. It helps to identify the baby's

gender.

2. Effect of Gender Stereotypes

Female Gender Stereotypes include: quiet, neat, weak, clean, clumsy,

submissive, incompetent and motherly. Male Gender Stereotypes include:

athletic, loud, strong, dominant and controls emotions

1. Issues on Gender Stereotypes

2. Gender Stereotyping refers to an individual woman or man

characteristics, specific attributes or roles by only her or his

membership in the social group of women and men.

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Process

The researcher will provide survey questionnaires to the

respondents and will have a follow-up interview afterwards. In this way,

the researcher will be able to get the information first hand and directly

from the respondents.

Output

The researcher is expected to provide the result of this study as to

the awareness of the students in University of Makati-HSU in terms of

gender stereotypes issues and how this affects their daily lives. Raising

awareness about gender issues also promotes gender equality for every

members of the LGBT community.

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Theoretical Framework

Gender Roles
and Stereotypes
(Planned
Parenthood,
2019)

Gender
Gender Equality: Gender
Stereotypes and
Awareness Gender Stereotyping and
(European Stereotypes and Women's Right
Institure, 2019)
its Effects in the (UHCR, 2019)
Society

Causes and
Effects of Gender
Stereotypes in
21st Century
(Alondra Vega,
2016)
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Discussion of Theoretical Framework

Gender Awareness raising aims at increasing general sensitivity,

understanding about gender equality. Awareness raising is a process

which helps to facilitate the exchange of ideas, improve same

understanding and develop competencies and skills necessary for societal

change. Gender awareness raising means providing reliable and

accessible information to build a better understanding of gender equality

as a core value of democratic societies.

Gender awareness raising intends to change beliefs, attitudes, and

behaviors that reinforce inequalities between women and men. It is

crucial to develop awareness-raising methods that generate a favorable

space for debate, promote political interest and encourage mobilization.

In this way, they contribute to gaining broad support and political will for

implementing gender mainstreaming and gender equality, dress, groom,

and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex.

Gender roles in society means how we’re expected to act, speak, girls and

women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be

polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be

strong, aggressive, and bold.

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Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but

they can be very different from group to group. They can also change in

the same society over time.

Gender Stereotypes and Stereotyping and Women's Right

Discrimination against women includes those differences of

treatment that exist because of stereotypical expectations, attitudes and

behaviors towards women. Just to give some example:

The Special Rapporteur on the rights to food pointed out that stereotype

about women’s role within the family leads to a division of labor within

households that often result in time poverty for women and lower levels

of education.

Causes and Effects of Gender Stereotypes in 21st Century

At a young age, we are introduced to the concept of “for girls” and

“for boys.” Barbies and the color pink are for girls and Power Rangers and

the color blue are for boys. This concept develops into set gender roles that

will follow a child through their adulthood and into marriage. The cause

of these gender roles creates the marital stereotype of young woman is

expected to be a housewife and have kids and the young man is expected

to work full-time and provide for his family.

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Definition of Terms

Sex Role - is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and

attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or

desirable for people based on their actual perceived sex.

Sexual Identity - may also refer to sexual orientation identity which is

when people identify or dis-identify with a sexual orientation or choose

not to identify with a sexual orientation.

Gender - the state of being a male or female.

Gender Role - the role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to

their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms.

Gender Identity - a person’s perception of having a particular gender

which may or may not correspond with their birth sex.

Gender Stereotypes - are set of expectations on how men and women

should act.

Stereotype - is a label which involves a process or categorization and

evolution.

Gender Traits - biologically determined differences between male and

females

Sex - biological traits that society associates with being male or female.