1

Occupational Health and Safety

Workbook in TLE

H 0 W

K-12 Based Curriculum material

Alferez, Nestor
Alison, Kin

2017
2

WORKBOOK
OVERVIEW
Safety practices play a big vital role in all aspects of life. In industry Safety First

is indeed important in working industries to avoid unexpected accidents It is important to

remember that each and every safety rules exist for a reason. Experience has proven

that these rules are necessary and that when they properly followed, they do keep

people safe.

This workbook presents the basic shop safety practices that the students must

acquire in field of technology. This workbook designs to allow the students to explore,

engage and to experience the actual safety practices in industries. This workbook also

included new trends types of assessments.

The workbook is a self-explanatory type of learning material thus the students

can work with or without the teacher.

3

TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Workbook Overview 2

Table of content 3

Lesson 1: Hazards and Risks 4

Pretest 1 8

Discussion 1 9

Evaluation 1 14

Lesson 2: Control Hazard and risk 16

Pretest 2 17

Discussion 2 19

Evaluation 2 19

Lesson 3: Maintain occupational health and safety awareness 14

Pretest 3 26

Discussion 3 28

Evaluation 3 38

References 39
4

LESSON
1

Hazar
ds
And
Risks
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
1. Identify Hazard and Risks
2. Value the significant of knowing Hazards and risks
3. Draw the symbols of hazards and risks

Definition of Terms
5

Accident – is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance

Control – means to direct or determine

First Aid – as it implies includes all forms of remedies given immediately to

humans in order to minimize or prevent casualties or fatalities caused by
accidents or normal course of time

Hazard – involves unforeseen incident that is physically unfavorable to

humans or animals

Occupation – is an activity in which one is engaged in

Safety – state of being out of danger, uninjured, not involving risk

Sanitize – to maintain high standard of housekeeping

Self-Discipline – refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or

ordered

Signs – generally refer to objects made by flat sheet metal or wood

suspended by a stand or nailed on the post or wall which are located
strategically

Sort – to take out unnecessary items and dispose the same

Sweep – means to clean the workshop

Symbols – are generally common illustrations printed on the signs which

sometimes carry a descriptive word or few words

Systematize – means to arrange necessary items in good order for use

6

Toxic – deadly, harmful and poisonous

Acronyms

OHSP – Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

7

Identify hazards and

risk
Materials / Resources
1. Mask
2. Gloves
3. Goggles
4. Hair Net/cap/bonnet
5. Face mask/shield
6. Ear muffs
7. Apron/Gown/coverall/jumpsuit
8. Anti-static suits
8

What Do You Already Know?

Pretest 1
Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards
and risks. Take this test.

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is

maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.
A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize

2. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to
put where taking into account the flow of your work?
A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize

3. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. signs, signal & barricades B. exit signs C. danger signs
D. safety instructions signs

4. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. signs, signal & barricades B. exit signs C. danger signs
D. safety instructions signs

5. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard

such as defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. danger Signs B. traffic signs C. Accidental Prevention Tags
D. directional signs

Let’s evaluate your work!

9

What Do You Need to Know?

Information Sheet 1.1

Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.

HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards

1. Survey the workplace to identify hazards

2. This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers
3. Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective
Equipment
4. Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can
produce hazards.
5. Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new
equipment is installed to avoid accidents.
6. Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers
upon request.

WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS

1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Harmful Dust
7. Radiation

Signs, Signals and Barricades Signs, signals and barricades are important,
if not critical, to the safety of the construction workers.
10

Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when
work is being performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when
the hazard does not exist anymore.

2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate

hazard exit. Danger signs should be read as the predominating color for the
upper panel; outline on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional
sign wording.

3. Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or

caution against practices.
Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper
panel and borders; yellow lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the
lower yellow panel for the additional sign wording. Black lettering shall be
used for additional wording.
11

Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and the panel, black with
yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow background shall be black.
The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples.

4.Exit Signs. Exit signs,

when required, shall be
lettered in legible red letters,
not less than 6 inches high,
on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-
fourths in width.

5. Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be

with green upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message.
Any additional wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white
background.
12

6. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs

specified in the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and
white directional symbol. Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on
the white background.

7. Traffic Signs. Construction

areas shall be posted with legible traffic
signs at point hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection
of construction workers shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) standards.
13

8. Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as

temporary means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools,
equipment’s, etc. They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for,
accident prevention signs. Specifications for accident prevention tags
similar as shown below shall apply.
14

How Much Have You Learned?

EVALUATION 2

A. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to

___________.
A. avoid accident B. promote accident C. eliminate workers
D. None of the above

2. OSH means _______________.

A. Occupational Service Healthy B. Occupational Safe and Healthy
C. Occupational Safety and Health D. None of the above

3. Identifying hazards makes you_________________.

A. safe from working B. comfortable while working
C. work efficient D. all of the above

4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
A. principal B. Nurse C. teacher D. doctor

5. Accidents can be prevented ____________________.

A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude toward work
C. if you have a good knowledge about safety practices
D. None of the above
15

B. Draw the following signs correctly and give its usage.

1. Stop
2. Danger
3. Poisonous
4. Slippery when wet
5. Up
16

LESSON
2

Control
Hazards
and
Risks
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
1. Identify Control hazards and risks
17

2. Value the significant of Control hazards and risks

3. Apply the following Control hazards and risk
18

What Do You Already Know?

PRETEST 2.

Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating hazards
and risks. Take this test.

Directions: Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1. ______ ____

2. _ _ _ _

3. _ _ _ _ _ _
19

4. _ _ _ _ _ _

5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20

What Do You Need to Know?

DISSCUSSION 2
One way of controlling hazards and risks in the workplace is to use the
proper protective equipment applicable to the work condition.

Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-check.

Signs and their location:

1. Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are
printed in red as the predominating color.

2. Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.

3. Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.

21

4. Safety Instructions Signs -A safety and/or health sign is defined as

‘information or instruction about health and safety at work on a signboard, a color,
an illuminated sign or acoustic signal, a verbal communication or hand signal.

5. Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of

warning to existing hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.

6. Barricades – are used for protection of employees.

22

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety
purposes:

A. Face protection

Goggles and face protection must be used when at risk from flying
particles, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and chemical gases.
There are various goggles for face protection with certain design criteria for
safety.

B. Foot Protection
23

Safety shoes with impact protection are used in work areas where heavy
objects or tools c!ould be accidentally dropped on the feet. Safety shoes
with puncture protection are required when working around nails, wire
tacks, scrap metals and other objects that could fierce the feet.

C. Hand Protection

Gloves are required to protect your hands from cuts, scrapes, punctures,
burns, chemical absorption, and exhaust temperatures. It is crucial that the
type of glove being used is the right one for the job.

D. Hearing Protection
24

Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be made available as a last resort
if it is not possible to make the workplace less noisy. The requirement is a
small part of the occupational noise exposure standard which requires
employers to ensure that workers are exposed to less than 90 decibels of
noise over an 8 hour period.

E. Respirators

For those who work with toxic chemicals and other hazardous substances,
respirators are an essential component of an effective safety program.
Selecting the appropriate respirator must take into consideration the unique
hazards of each worker’s particular job and jobsite. Appropriate respirators
must be worn as a last resort if it is not possible
25

How Much Have You Learned?

EVALUATION 2

Test A. Direction: Define and describe the following:

a. Danger Signs

b. Caution Signs

c. Exit Signs

d. Accidental Prevention Tags

e. Barricades

B. Give an example for each and give its use and importance
.
1. Respirators
2. Foot Protection
3. Hand Protection
4. Hearing Protection
5. Face Protection

C. Visit a shop or a construction site. Observe the signs posted and what
are the PPE that being used by the workers. Then submit observation
report. Complete in Long bond paper size attached in this lesson.
26

Lesson 3:

Maintain
occupational
health and
safety
awareness
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
1. Identify the maintenance of occupational health and safety
awareness
2. Value the importance of health and safety awareness
3. Perform occupational health and safety awareness
27

What Do You Already Know?

PRETEST 3

Let us determine how much you already know about maintain occupational
health and safety awareness. Take this test.

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct.

1. Who introduced the 5Ss principle?

A. English C. Japanese B. Filipinos D. Japan

2. Which of the following are the 5Ss?

A. Seiri, Seiton,Sweep, SeiketsuShitzu B. Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Sanitize,
Shitzu C. Sort, Seiton, Sweep, Seiketsu, Shitzu D. Seiri, Systematize,
Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsu

3. It refers to the cleaning of workshop.

A. Seiton C. Seiso B. Seiri D. Seiketsu

4. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is

maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere. .
A. Sort C. Sweep B. Systematize D. Sanitize

5. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to
put where taking into account the flow of your work?
A. Sort C. Sweep B. Systematize D. Sanitize

6. Its advantage is to promote camaraderie among workers in the company.

A. Shitsuke C. The 5Ss B. Seiton D. All of the above

7. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.

A. Signs, Signal &Barricades C. Exit Signs B. Danger Signs D. Safety
Instructions Signs
28

8. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. Signs, Signal &Barricades C. Exit Signs B. Danger Signs D. Safety
Instructions Signs

9. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard

such as defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. Danger Signs C. Traffic Signs B. Accidental Prevention Tags
D. Directional Signs

10. Which is a major factor for the prevention of shop accidents?

A. Signs, symbols, barricades C. Attitude B. The 5Ss Principle D. All of the
above
29

What Do You Need To Know?

DISSCUSSION 3

What is 5S?

The 5Ss are Japanese words that start with letter S. But in the Philippines,
some thought of 5 English words that all begin with letter S which is
equivalent to these Japanese words; it is therefore necessary to remember
the Japanese’ 5Ss. What is important aside from retaining this into our
minds is to make it part of our daily habit.

Below are the 5Ss and their English equivalent:

Japanese English Brief Explanation

SEIRI SORT Take out unnecessary items and dispose

SEITON SYSTEMATIZE Arrange necessary items in good order for use

SEISO SWEEP Clean your workshop

SEIKETSU SANITIZE Maintain high standard of housekeeping

SHITSU SELFDISCIPLINE Act of doing work without being told

Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered

5Ss is not simply a list of action items. It is an integrated concept of action,

condition and culture. The nature and implication of each S needs to be
understood as follows:
30

1. SEIRI (SORT)is an Action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary

items from your workplace.
2. SEITON(SYSTEMATIZE) is an ACTION to put every necessary items
in good order.
3. SEISO (SWEEP) is an ACTION to clean your workplace thoroughly.
4. SIEKETSU (SANITIZE) is a CONDITION where high standard of
good housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust
anywhere.
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE)is a CONDITION where all members
practice accordingly. It is a CULTURE.
6.
31

How to practice 5Ss?

1. SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and dispose’

Step 1 – Look around your workplace. Discover and identify items which
are unnecessary to your work. Then, dispose all unnecessary items.

“NEVER KEEP ANYTHING WHICH IS UNNECESSARY TO YOUR

WORK.”

Step 2 – If you cannot decide whether an item is necessary or not, put

“DISPOSAL NOTICE” with the data on the item and set item aside.

Step 3 – After a period, say two months, check if someone has the item or
not. If no one needed the item, that means the item is not needed for your
work.

Note: Disposal can be done in either of the following ways:

1. Sell it to outside of the workplace.

2. Move to other department/section where the item is needed.

3. Throw it away, dispose as garbage.

4. In disposing the belongings, it is better to make people know who has

the authority for disposal.
32

5. It is also better to make people know where to return excessive stock of

materials and supplies.

6. While looking around for unnecessary items in your workplace, look at

every nook like when you are looking for cockroaches. It will be a bonus to
you if you find some useful items

2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) means “Arrange necessary items in good

order to use”
3.
Step 1.Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your
workplace.
Step 2.Decide with your workmates which things to put when taking
into account the flow of your work. The principle is to put most
33

frequently needed items close to the user so as to minimize the

movement of the person. Things which are not so often used could
not be placed slightly further away.
Step 3. It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace
knows what is kept for efficient use. Make a list of things with location
and put it in a locker or cabinet. Label each drawer/cabinet to show
what is kept inside.

Note:

The object of SEITON (SYSTEMATIZED) is to make your workplace a safe

and efficient place to work in.

3. SEISO (SWEEP) means “Clean your workplace”. There is a very strong

correlation between quality of products and cleanliness of the workplace
where products are manufactured. Accordingly, SEISO (SWEEP) should be
practiced every day, and sometimes, even during the day.

The following are suggested for your SEISO (SWEEP) operation:

34

 Do not wait until things get dirty. Clean your workplace, including
machines, equipment, tools and furniture regularly so that they do not have
chance to get dirty. Put things inside for 3 minutes every day. You and your
workmates should be responsible for the dirty works around you. The
janitors or sweepers will look after the common areas only.

Never throw anything and make it your habit.

 Cleaning is also checking.

4. SEIKETSU (SANITIZE)means”Maintain high standard of housekeeping”.

So as not to waste your effort, do not stop after implementing initial 3Ss.

The following are suggested for your SEIKETSU (SANITIZE) operation:

35

 Create a maintenance system for housekeeping. Make a schedule of

cleaning for your workplace.

 Interdepartmental competition is a very effective means of sustaining and

enhancing people’s interest on 5Ss.

Note:

1. Indicate the names of the persons responsible for the work area and for
the machine.

2. Regular inspection and evaluation on the level of 4Ss by each work are

necessary.

3. Do not criticize poor cases, but also praise and commend good practices
or good performances

5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things spontaneously

without being told or ordered.” It is to make every one practice 4Ss
spontaneously and willingly as habit or way of life. There is no other way to
36

foster such culture than practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when
everyone becomes fond of 5Ss.

To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the following need to be

emphasized:

 Treat your workplace as your own home.

 You are spending most of your “WAKING TIME” at your workplace than
at home.

 Your workplace is an important place where to make income for yourself

and your family.

 Make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.

Note:

In enhancing SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) of workers in a workplace,

the rules of management are very important. People with managerial duties

should be worthy of respect and emulation.

37

What can an individual gain from the 5Ss?

1. The 5Ss makes your workplace more pleasant. In practicing 5Ss, you
have to start from discussing and agreeing what to put for efficient use by
everyone. With your workmates, you have to clean the workplace. Such
human relation and working environment will make you and your workplace
pleasant.

2. The 5Ss makes your work more efficient. If you have to look for
something and

take so much time finding it, you are not only wasting your time but also
wasting your energy and moral.

On the other hand, if everything at your workplace is arranged in proper

order and readily available for use; your work flow will always be very
smooth. It improves not only your efficiency but also improves the rhythm of
your work and the more you will enjoy it. If you have a work, better to enjoy
it.

3. The 5Ss improves your safety. A clear and tidy working environment
where everything is properly placed, where clear instructions are readily
available, and where no one throws anything is safer place to work in.

Practicing 5Ss improves your own safety. You can enjoy your work more
with less risk.

4. The 5Ss improves quality of your work and your products. People affect

environment. On the other hand, the environment also affects people. If

you are accustomed to work in a clear and tidy environment, you can
develop your sensitivity so that you can feel and identify any defect in work.
38

On the contrary, messy and untidy environment will adversely affect your
sensitivity.

Therefore, good environment will improve the quality of your work. It is

quite natural that quality products come only from clean and well-organized
workplace

5. The 5Ss makes a quality life of people. The process of 5Ss requires
people to think, consult and agree with others and cooperate with each
other.At the same time, practicing the 5Ss gives people satisfaction of
being creative, friendly with others and seeing chances better.
39
40

How Much Have You Learned?

EVALUATION 3

Test I. Direction: Explain the following questions.

1. How 5Ss can improves CREATIVITY of people?

2. How 5Ss improves COMMUNICATION?
3. How 5Ss improves HUMAN RELATION among people
4. 5Ss enhances COMRADERSHIP among people
5. What is the importance of 5Ss in our daily live?

Test II. Direction: Answer the following questions and find the answer in the
box. Encircle the correct answer.

SEITONSWWASHOO
PEEWSSANISORTL
SHITSUKEKAJSOTH
AEEMSANITIZEJLIU
1. Take out unnecessary items and dispose
2. Arrange necessary items in good order for use
3. Clean your workshop
4. Maintain high standard of housekeeping
5. Act of doing work without being told
41

REFFERENCES

Electronic sources
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
dcr=0&biw=1366&bih=637&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=w804Wt3MKoyj0gS45q-
ACQ&q=awareness+sign&oq=awareness+sign&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0l2j0i5i30k1l8.2033671.2040169.0.2040610.14.10.0.4.4.0.148.1369.0j10.1
0.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.14.1411...0i67k1.0.TjlnQnn5EwI#imgdii=kvA-
5Gs0ojJkEM:&imgrc=-iqB6u2TMjSlZM

https://www.google.com.ph/search?
dcr=0&biw=1366&bih=637&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=I804WrLYBIL-
0gTShIvwCA&q=SEIKETSU+example+picture+in+5s&oq=SEIKETSU+example+
picture+in+5s&gs_l=psy-ab.3...28484.28484.0.29438.1.1.0.0.0.0.951.951.6-
1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.xZTN6sCQz_0

https://www.google.com.ph/search?
dcr=0&biw=1366&bih=637&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=FM04Wq2TGsLI0gS-
iKSYAQ&q=SHITSUKE+example+picture+in+5s&oq=SHITSUKE+ex
ample+picture+in+5s&gs_l=psy-
ab.3...12120.12120.0.12591.1.1.0.0.0.0.438.438.4-
1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.F_8mXA1uKYk

https://www.google.com.ph/search?
dcr=0&biw=1366&bih=637&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qss4Ws-
JDMGa0gT19Z-
ABw&q=SEISO+example+picture&oq=SEISO+example+picture&gs_l
=psy-ab.3...134194.134194.0.135230.1.1.0.0.0.0.627.627.5-
1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.aEv8ePJkBdg#imgrc=_

book
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
2017

Fajardo (2003) SIMPLIFIED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

42

Fajardo (2007) SIMPLIFIED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION REVISED