Class11th TheLivingWorld

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The Living World

CONTENTS
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 Characteristics Of Living
 Binomial Nomenclature

 Rules Of Nomenclature
 Taxonomic Categories
 Taxonomical Aids
http://schools.aglasem.com
CHARCTERISTICS OF LIVING
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Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Cellular organisation of body
Consciousness
Interaction
BIODIVERSITY
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 The number &types of organisms present on

earth constitute biodiversity.
 Number of species that are known and described
ranges between 1.7 to 1.8 million.
NOMENCLATURE & IDENTIFICATION
5
 Nomenclature-naming of a particular organism

in such a manner that it is known by the same
name all over the world.
 Identification-it is the correct description of an
organism and its recognition in its scientific
name.
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
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 Given By Carolous Linnaeus

 Each Name Has Two Components
 First Name-generic
 Second Name-specific Epithet
UNIVERSAL RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
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 Names are in Latin and written in italics.They

are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective
of their origin.
 The first word is genus name and second word
is specific epithet.
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 Both the words when handwritten are

separately underlined or printed in italics to
indicate their Latin origin.
 Genus starts with capital letter while specific
epithet starts with small letter.
 Example-Mangifera indica
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 Name of the appears after specific epithet and

it is written in abbreviated form.
 E.g Mangifera indica Linn.
CLASSIFICATION
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 It is the process by which any thing is grouped

into conventional categories based on some
easily observable characters.
PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION
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 Organise vast number of plants,animals etc

into categories that could be named,
remembered & studied.
 Study of one organism of a group gives the
idea about rest of the members of that

group.
TAXA & TAXONOMY
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 It is the scientific term which indicates categories

of organisms at different levels.
 Taxonomy-process of classification taking into
account various characteristics such as external &
internal structure,structure of cell,development
process & ecological information of organisms.
SYSTEMATICS
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 Systema(Latin word)-arrangement of organisms

 It is the study of organisms which include
identification,nomenclature &classification of
organisms.it also takes into account evolutionary
relationships between organisms.
TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
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 Classification involves hierarchy of steps in

which each step represents a rank or category.
Category is a part of overall taxonomic
arrangement ,called taxonomic category.All
categories together constitute the taxonomic
hierarchy.Each category is termed as taxon.
TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
15 KINGDOM
PHYLUM OR DIVISION
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
SPECIES
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 Group of individuals having fundamental

similarities in characteristics and successful
reproduction takes place among themselves form
a species.
 E.g:Panthera tigris,Panthera leo
Solanum tuberosum, Solanum nigrum.
GENUS
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 It consists of a group of related species which has

more characters in common in comparison to
species of other genera.
 Genera are aggregates of closely related species.
 E.g:Panthera leo ,P pardus (leopard) ,P tigris
 E.g:Solanum tuberosum ,S nigrum
FAMILY
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 It has a group of related genera with less number

of similarities as compared to genus and species.
 E.g:family Solanaceae includes genera
solanum(tomato,potato) , petunia & datura.
 Family Felidae includes genera panthera (lion,
tiger ,leopard) &Felis(cat)
ORDER
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 It is the assemblage of families which include a

few similar characters in comparison to genus,
family etc.
 E.g:order polynomial includes family solanaceae
& convovulaceae.
 E.g: carnivora includes family felidae &
cancidae(dog) .
CLASS
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 It includes all related orders having less numbers

of common characteristics.
 E.g: class mammalia includes order Primata
(monkey, gorilla,gibbon) &carnivora.
 E.g:class Dicotyledonae includes order
polymoniales &sapindales(mango)
PHYLUM or DIVISION
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 It includes related classes.

 E.g:phylum Chordata includes classes fish
,amphibia, reptilia, aves &mammalia.
 Division angiospermae includes class
dicotyledonae & monocotyledonae.
TAXONOMICAL AIDS
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 Herbarium
 Botanical Garden
 Museum
 Zoological Park
 Key
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1

The Living World

 The number &types of organisms present on

 Nomenclature-naming of a particular organism

 Given By Carolous Linnaeus

 Names are in Latin and written in italics.They

 Both the words when handwritten are

 Name of the appears after specific epithet and

 It is the process by which any thing is grouped

 Organise vast number of plants,animals etc

idea about rest of the members of that

 It is the scientific term which indicates categories

 Systema(Latin word)-arrangement of organisms

 Classification involves hierarchy of steps in

 Group of individuals having fundamental

 It consists of a group of related species which has

 It has a group of related genera with less number

 It is the assemblage of families which include a

 It includes all related orders having less numbers

 It includes related classes.

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