INDEPENDENT POWER TRANSMISSION OPERATOR S.A.

TNPRD/ SUBSTATION SPECIFICATION & EQUIPMENT SECTION

December 2016

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION TD-108A

400 KV, 100 MVAR VARIABLE SHUNT REACTORS
WITH DEENERGIZED TAP CHANGER (DETC)
AND POWER RANGE 70 – 100 MVAR

I. SCOPE

This technical description covers the characteristics, design

features and testing of three-phase 400 kV, outdoor, oil-type shunt
reactors.

II. KEYWORDS

Shunt Reactors, Capacitive Current Compensation, Voltage

Control.

III. STANDARDS

Unless otherwise specified herein, all reactor characteristics and

testing shall conform to the latest revision of IEC 60076-6, 60076-
3, 60076-4 standards.

IV. OPERATING CONDITIONS

1. Installation : Outdoor
2. Ambient Temperature : Minimum (-25oC)
Maximum (+45oC)
3. Altitude : Up to 1000m above sea
level
4. Other Conditions : Snow and Ice
5. Pollution Level : Moderate

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V. USE

The shunt reactors are to be used on the system to compensate for

capacitive current and also for compensating of reactive power.

VI. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM

1. Nominal Voltage : 400KV

2. Maximum System Voltage : 420KV
3. Minimum permissible operating voltage : 380KV
4. Nominal frequency : 50Hz
5. Number of phases and conductors :3
6. Short Circuit level : 40KA
7. Rated duration of short circuit : 1sec.
8. Basic Insulation level : 1550KV (peak)
9. Switching impulse withstand voltage : 1175KV (peak)
10. Variations of nominal frequency : ±0.2Hz
11. Available auxiliary D.C. supply voltage : 220V D.C. (from
substation batteries)
12. Available auxiliary A.C. supply voltage : 3 – phase,
(4 – conductors
230/400V A.C.)
13. Power frequency withstand voltage (1min) : 680KV (r.m.s.)
14. Method of earthing (grounding) : Solidly grounded

VII. SHUNT REACTOR REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS

1. Design Characteristics
a. Type : Three-phase Υ-
connected oil-
immersed type with
the neutral directly
grounded.
b. Rated Voltage (Ur) : 400 kV
c. Highest voltage for equipment (Um): 420 kV
d. Maximum operating voltage (Umax): 420 kV
(105% of rated)
e. Maximum Rated Power
(at rated voltage) : 100 Mvar
f. Maximum Rated Current
(at rated voltage) : 144.3 A
g. Number of de-energized taps : 4

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h. Rated Power at each tap
(at rated voltage) : 70, 80, 90, 100 Mvar
i. Rated Frequency : 50 Hz

Rated insulation levels for windings and bushings :

Lightning impulse withstand voltage

1,2 / 50μs wave

Line Neutral

Terminal 1425kV crest 550kV crest

Bushing 1550kV crest 550kV crest

Switching impulse
withstand voltage

Line Neutral

Terminal 1175kV crest --

Bushing 1175kV crest --

Power frequency withstand voltage (50Hz, 1min)

Line Neutral

Terminal 630kV rms 230kV rms

Bushing 695kV rms 255kV rms

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j. The reactor tank will be of COVER BOLTED type
and shall be made so as to withstand full vacuum.
k. Method of cooling: Cooled by oil and air natural
circulation (ONAN) with radiators.
l. Type of core: gapped iron core of 5 limbs, including
side limbs. In general, the iron core shall be designed
in such way so that no risk exists of ferroresonance or
sub-harmonic oscillations due to system switching
operations, overheating of any metal parts and natural
resonance of any part of the structure at or near
operating frequency.
m. The magnetic core of the reactor will be earthed at
only one point. The core earthing will be realized
through an insulated conductor, connecting the core to
an earthing box, placed externally on the reactor tank.
By this way the core earthing could be tested without
opening the reactor tank.

2. Regulation of Reactive Power

a. The reactor windings shall have the necessary taps,

connected to a deenergized tap changer (DETC), in
order to output the requested reactive power at each
tap. The number of taps and the reactive power at each
tap are specified in par.VII.1.
b. The DETC will be operated manually with the reactor
deenergized (isolated).
c. The DETC will be of the three-phase type, connected
at the neutral point of the windings.

3. Magnetic Characteristics

The shunt reactors must exhibit linear volt/ampere

characteristic up to 120 percent (120%) of their rated
voltage.

4. Zero-Sequence Reactance

The ratio of the zero-sequence to the positive sequence

reactance (X0/X+) of the shunt reactors shall lie between 0.95
and 1.0

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5. Temperature Rise Limits

The following temperature rise limits for continuous

operation shall be:

- Average temperature rise of winding

as determined by resistance : 65 K
- Hot-spot winding temperature rise : 78 K
- Oil (top level) as determined
by thermometer : 60 K

6. Harmonics

Shunt reactors shall be designed with particular attention to

the suppression of harmonics, especially the second, third
and fifth. The maximum permissible value of the third
harmonic component of the reactor current shall be < 3% of
the crest value of the fundamental at rated sinusoidal voltage.

7. Voltage Variation

The reactors shall be designed to operate at 105% of their

rated voltage continuously, without exceeding the specified
temperature rise limits.

8. Acoustic Sound Level

The average sound pressure level of the reactors shall not be

greater than 80dB(A), measured according IEC 60076-10.

9. Mechanical Vibration Level

Maximum vibration amplitude (peak to peak) on all sides of

the tank walls shall be 200 μm.

10. Insulating oil and paper

The reactor’s insulating fluid will be unused mineral oil of the

“inhibited transformer oil (I)” class, in accordance with the
standard IEC 60296. It shall not contain PCBs, PCTs and
corrosive Sulphur. The only allowed inhibitors are DBPC and
DBP with content within 0.30% – 0.40% in weight. The

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lowest cold start energizing temperature (LCSET) of the oil
shall not exceed -30°C.
The conductors of all windings, as well as all connecting
conductors in the tank, will be insulated by Kraft paper, made
by 100% sulphate wood pulp, manufactured and tested
according to IEC 60641 series of standards.

11. Reactor’s painting

The reactor’s external color including radiators should be gray

of 7040 RAL type. The paint system will be suitable for high
atmospheric corrosivity (category C4) and it will be of high
durability (category H), according to ISO 12944-1, -2, -5. The
paint system will include a Zinc-rich primer coat of thickness
≥ 60μm and 3 – 4 epoxy or polyurethane paint coats of total
paint thickness ≥ 240μm, where the finishing coat will be of
polyurethane paint. The reactor shall be painted internally
with a white colored oil resistant primer coat.

12. Transport acceleration

The reactor shall be designed and manufactured in order to

withstand a constant acceleration of at least 1g in all
directions, additionally to gravity, without any damage.

VIII. DEENERGIZED TAP CHANGER (DETC)

The deenergized tap changer (DETC) will be of the three-

phase type, connected at the neutral point of the star-
connected windings. It will be manually operated.

1. The tap-changer will be operated by a manual

operation mechanism, positioned externally to the
tank. The mechanism will be positioned for operation
from ground level, using the necessary shafts.

2. The type of the tap-changer will be linear or rotary.

3. Applicable Standards: IEC 60214-1, -2

4. Required operating temperatures of tap-changer

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Minimum Maximum
-25 οC 105 οC

5. The tap changer shall be oil immersed in the reactor

tank.

6. Access to the DETC shall be possible without

disturbing other connections or parts of the reactor.
Suitable manholes shall be available on the reactor
tank so that the DETC can be removed on site, in case
of failure. The removal of the DETC shall not cause
any problems to any of the other reactor parts.

7. Rating and other characteristics of the DETC:

a. Single or three phase : one three-phase unit

b. Position of tappings in winding : neutral end
c. Maximum rated through current : ≥ 200 A
d. Rated frequency : 50Hz
e. Rated voltage : 123 kV rms
f. Rated power frequency
withstand voltage (50Hz, 1 min) : 230 kV rms
g. Rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage (1.2/50μs) : 550 kV peak
h. Rated chopped lightning impulse
withstand voltage (1.2/3-6μs) : 605 kV peak
i. Rated switching impulse
withstand voltage (250/2500μs) : 460 kV peak
j. Rated step voltage : ≥ 19 kV rms

8. The DETC shall be able to perform at least 2.000

operations (tap changes) without contact change.

9. Manual operation mechanism

The DETC will be operated by a hand-wheel or a
hand-crank. The mechanism will latch in every tap
position. The tap position will be clearly indicated by
mechanical means. The mechanism will include a
mechanical safety device, secured by padlock, which
must be unlocked before each operation. The safety

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device can be locked again, only when the DETC
reaches the next tap position.

10. Warning label

At the operation mechanism, a permanent warning
plate will be installed, with the following text (in
Greek):

ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ

ΑΠΑΓΟΡΕΥΕΤΑΙ Ο ΧΕΙΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΕΝΩ Η

ΑΥΤΕΠΑΓΩΓΗ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΣΜΕΝΗ!

ΤΕΤΟΙΟΣ ΧΕΙΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΟΔΗΓΗΣΕΙ ΣΕ

ΒΛΑΒΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΕΠΑΓΩΓΗΣ ΚΑΙ
ΤΡΑΥΜΑΤΙΣΜΟ Η ΘΑΝΑΤΟ ΤΟΥ ΧΕΙΡΙΣΤΗ!
(Translation: Attention. The operation is prohibited
while the reactor is electrified! Such an operation may
result to failure of the reactor and injury or death to the
operator!)

11. Make
The offered DETC shall be MR or ABB or
HYUNDAI make.

12. Nameplate
The nameplate of the DETC shall be included in the
nameplate of the reactor and shall contain the
following:
a. Schematic diagram of the DETC.
b. Tap positions and corresponding rated power.
c. Tapping arrangement.
d. Rated current for each tap position.
e. Rated voltage.
f. Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage.

13. Tests
The reactor manufacturer is obliged to present to the
IPTO inspector OLTC’s test certificates while the
IPTO inspector is at the manufacturer’s premises for
the reactor inspection and testing.
The test reports which are to be presented shall include
the following type and routine tests:

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a. Type tests
i. Temperature rise of contacts
ii. Short – circuit test
iii. Mechanical tests
iv. Dielectric tests

b. Routine Tests
i. Mechanical test
ii. Pressure and vacuum tests (flange)

IX. ACCESSORIES

1. Bushings

The design of bushings will be in accordance with IEC 60137 and

EN 50458 standards.

1.1 The bushings will be of outdoor – immersed capacitance

graded oil insulated type with one end exposed in ambient
air and the other end immersed in the reactor’s oil. The
active part of the bushing will consist of an Oil
Impregnated Paper (O.I.P.) condenser type core,
impregnated with oil.

1.2 The insulation housing of line and neutral bushings will be

of high grade porcelain.
The porcelain housing will comply in all relevant respects
with IEC 62155. The space between the active part (core)
and the insulating envelope will be oil filled (liquid-
insulated bushings).

1.3 The bushings are required to be of the following rating

characteristics:

Line Neutral
1.Highest rated Voltage 420 123
(phase to phase) (Um)
(KV-r.m.s.)
2.Rated phase 242 42
to earth operating voltage
(KV - r.m.s.)
3.Rated current (Ir)(A) 800 800

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4.Rated thermal short 25Ir 25Ir
time current, 1 sec (Ith)
5.Rated dynamic current 2.5Ith 2.5Ith
(Id)
6.Minimum cantilever ≥2000 ≥1000
withstand load during
operation (N)
7. Creepage distance 10500 3075
(mm)
8.Angle of mounting ≤30º from ≤30º from
vertical vertical
9.Temperature limits – 105º C 105º C
class of the insulating Class A Class A
material in contact with
metal parts
10. Dielectric dissipation ≤0.007 ≤0.007
factor (tanδ) at
1,05Um/√3 voltage
11. Maximum value of ≤10pC ≤10pC
partial discharge quantity
at Um operating voltage
12.Lightning impulse 1550 550
withstand voltage (KV)
13.Switching impulse 1175 -
withstand voltage (KV)
14. Power frequency 695 / - 255 / 230
withstand voltage - dry /
wet (KV)
15. Type according 420/1550/800 123/550/800
EN 50458

1.4 Additional characteristics of bushings

a. Seismic withstand capabilities.

All bushings shall be capable of withstand the following
seismic stresses as per IEC 61463 and IEC 60068-3-3.
1. Horizontally (axes x and y) :0.5g (5m/s2)
2. Vertically (axe Z) :0.25g (2.5m/s2)
3. The frequency range should be 1Hz to 35Hz.
4. Acceptable methods of seismic qualification are:
- Qualification by vibration test or
- Qualification by static calculation or
- Qualification by dynamic analysis

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Bidders are obliged to submit in their offers, test reports or
calculation by dynamic analysis or static calculation.
Approval or not of all the above lies on IPTO’s judgment.

b. Bushings shall be designed for operation at ambient

temperature from -25ºC to +45oC and an altitude not
exceeding 1000m.

c. The maximum oil temperature under operating emergency

conditions will be 115ºC.

d. The bushings shall have a tin plated aluminium terminal of

cylindrical shape with diameter of 30mm and length of
about 100mm.

e. In case of failure, it will be possible to interchange any

bushing with another, even from another manufacturer,
having the same type and designation according to EN
50458. The reactor manufacturer shall respect the
connection details, the maximum bushing dimensions and
the minimum clearance distance in oil, following EN
50458.

f. If the line bushings are of a drawn lead or drawn rod type,

the cross-section of the lead or rod will be selected
according to the instructions of the bushing manufacturer,
in order the complete bushings to have a continuous
current rating of at least 125% of the rated reactor current.

g. If after taking into consideration the above stated

operating characteristics, the above indicated bushings
rating current is less than what it should, then bidders must
offer bushings with suitable rating.

1.5 Accessories:

Bushings will be equipped with the accessories below:

a. Magnetic oil level indicator.

b. Test socket (tanδ tap) suitable for measurement of the

dielectric dissipation factor, capacitance and partial

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discharge value of the bushing. The test tap will be
electrically isolated from the mounting flange and will be
always earthed directly when it is not used.

c. Air release plug.

d. Oil expansion compensator.

e. Oil sampling and oil filling plugs.

f. Lifting lugs if required by the manufacturer and there are

no other means of lifting the bushings.

1.6 Rating plates – markings

The H.V and neutral bushings shall carry a rating plate

including the following markings.
■ Manufacture’s name.
■ Year of manufacture and serial number
■ Maximum operating phase – phase voltage (Um) or
rated operating phase to earth voltage and rated
frequency.
■ Operating rated current (Ir)

● Insulation levels BIL, SIL, P.F.

● Bushings capacitance, dielectric dissipation factor.

● Mass
● Angle of mounting

1.7 Tests

The manufacturer of the reactor is obliged to present to the

IPTO inspector bushings test reports while the IPTO
inspector is at the manufacturer’s premises for the inspection
and testing.
The test reports which are to be presented shall include the
following type, routine and special tests:

The tests will be in accordance with IEC 60137 standard.

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A. Type tests

1. Power – frequency voltage withstand test, wet (not for line

bushings)
2. Long duration power frequency (ACLD) voltage withstand
test, with partial discharges measurement (only line
bushings)
3. Lightning impulse voltage withstand test
4. Switching impulse voltage withstand test, dry and wet (only
line bushings)
5. Thermal stability (only line bushings, calculation or test)
6. Electromagnetic compatibility test
7. Temperature rise test
8. Thermal short – time current withstand (calculation or test)
9. Cantilever load withstand test
10.Tightness test
11.Verification of dimensions.

B. Routine tests

1. Measurement of dielectric dissipation factor (tanδ) and

capacitance at ambient temperature
2. Lightning impulse voltage withstand test (only line
bushings)
3. Power – frequency voltage withstand test, dry
4. Measurement of partial discharge quantity
5. Test of tap insulation
6. Tightness test
7. Tightness test of the flanges
8. Visual inspection and dimensional check

C. Special tests

1. Seismic test (IEC 61463, calculation or test)

2. Artificial pollution test (IEC 60507)

1.8 Make

The bushings shall be manufactured from GE or TRENCH

or ABB.

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2. Bushing Current Transformers

Each line bushing shall be equipped with two (2) current

transformers. In addition, the neutral bushing shall be
equipped with one (1) current transformer.
The bushing current transformers must have the following
characteristics:

Bushing Ratio Total No. Burden Accuracy

of CTs class
Cores
Line 150 / 1Α 3 30VA 5P20
150 / 1A 3 15VA 0.5
Neutral 150 / 1A 1 30VA 5P20

- The middle phase line bushing will be equipped with one

additional current transformer for use by the winding
temperature indicator, to create the thermal image of the
winding.
- All current transformers will follow IEC 61869-1 and IEC
61869-2 standards. They shall have rated continuous thermal
current 1.2 times their rated current.
- The three (3) line bushings current transformer cores will be
used for the implementation of the overcurrent phases-earth
protection scheme. The same three (3) line bushing current
transformer cores and also the current transformer core at the
neutral, will be used for the implementation of the Restricted
Earth Fault protection scheme for high impedance operation.
For that scheme, a linear stabilizing resistor and a non-linear
voltage limiter resistor are also used. These CTs shall have
equal ratios, identical magnetizing characteristics and also
identical secondary resistances. The magnetizing current
shall be of a minimum value available in order to maximize
the sensitivity of the relay. The saturation (knee-point)
voltage must be the same for all CTs and twice the selected
operating voltage setting of the relay that corresponds to
maximum fault current.
Complete test reports including thermal and dynamic current tests
as type tests and resistance measurement, ratio and phase angle
tests and excitation curve tests as routine tests must be submitted.

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Complete test protocols for the above bushing current transformers
shall be available at the time of inspection of the reactors.

3. Supervisory and Protection Equipment.

Reactors shall be equipped with the following:

a. Earthquake proof Buchholz relay of EMB

manufacture, double-float type, shall be applied to the
tube that connects the reactor tank with the expansion
tank. The relay shall be designed and tested following
EN 50216-1 and EN 50216-2 standards. The test
certificates shall be presented to IPTO inspector.
Isolating valves will be installed before and after the
relay. This relay will be of the double float type with
electrically separate contacts for alarm and tripping.
The trapped gas in the Buchholz relay will be possible
to be reclaimed through a gas collection device, which
will be installed on the transformer at a person’s
height and will be connected permanently with the
relay through a hose.
b. Shutter valve, which will be mounted in the pipe
between conservator and Buchholz relay, preventing
the flow of the oil from the conservator to transformer
tank, in case of tank rupture. One normally open (NO)
contact is required.
c. Oil level indicator of magnetic type with alarm
contacts for minimum oil level. The indicator shall be
designed and tested following EN 50216-1 and EN
50216-5 standards. The test certificates shall be
presented to IPTO inspector.
d. Oil thermometer of bellow type, with alarm and trip
contacts and also equipped with a transmitter device
for remote oil temperature indication.
e. Windings thermometer of bellow type, with alarm and
trip contacts and also equipped with a transmitter
device for remote oil temperature indication. The
device will be set before delivery of the reactor,
according to the temperature gradient between the top-
oil temperature and the hot-spot winding temperature
at maximum rated current, which will be found in the
temperature rise test report.

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Both temperature indicators shall be designed and
tested following EN 50216-1 and EN 50216-11
standards. The test certificates shall be presented to
IPTO inspector.
f. Tank pressure relief device with alarm contacts. The
device will include a metallic cover with a drain, in
order to convey the oil safely to the ground. The
device shall be designed and tested following EN
50216-1 and EN 50216-5 standards. The test
certificates shall be presented to IPTO inspector.
g. Air drier with silica gel filling. The drier shall be
designed and tested following EN 50216-1 and EN
50216-5 standards. The test certificates shall be
presented to IPTO inspector.
NOTE: Oil and winding thermometers shall be of
QUALITROL make, type AKM-OTI/WTI, or
MR make, type Messko-BeTech. The pressure
relief device will be of QUALITROL make,
type XPRD, or MR make, type LMPRD oil-
directed.

4. Additional Accessories

Reactors shall be equipped with the following accessories

and features:

a. The radiators shall be tank-supported and detachable

from the tank by means of shut-off valves. The
radiators support will be realized by mechanical
means, separate from the connecting oil pipes to the
tank. The radiators shall be designed and tested
following EN 50216-1 and EN 50216-6 standards. The
radiator valves shall be designed and tested following
EN 50216-1 and EN 50216-8 standards. The test
certificates shall be presented to IPTO inspector.
b. The butterfly valves shall be designed and tested
following EN 50216-1 and EN 50216-8 standards. The
test certificates shall be presented to IPTO inspector.
c. All steel parts will be hot dip galvanized as per the
latest ISO Standards.
d. Tank oil drain valve and other valves to connect the
vacuum oil treatment equipment and oil sampling

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device. The vacuum valves shall be designed and
tested following EN 12266-1, -2 standards. The test
certificates shall be presented to IPTO inspector.
e. Conservator or expansion tank composed of one piece
ready for installation and will be equipped with a
dehydrating breather containing absorbent material
(silica-gel) and also a dry air cell floating on the oil
surface as well as suitable drain valve.
f. Filling plug on the upper radiator header.
g. Gasketed joints for bushings, manholes and radiators
shall be designed so that the gaskets will not be
exposed to the weather and will be provided with
mechanical stops to prevent crushing of the gasket.
h. Lifting eyes for the tank, pulling eyes for moving the
reactor to any direction, lifting lugs for lifting the core
and coil assembly and jacking pads for raising the
complete shunt reactor.
i. Bi - directional rollers for movement on rails. The
distance between rails shall be 1435mm.
j. The tank will be grounded in two points at least
diagonally near the bottom.
k. Plate of non-corrosive material bearing the electrical
diagram of the reactor.
l. Nameplate made of non-corrosive material bearing the
rated characteristics of the reactor and other essential
data.
m. Weatherproof terminal box for termination of weather
resistant 600 V, color-coded or marked for
identification control and signal wiring.

X. NAME PLATE MARKINGS

Each reactor shall be provided with a permanent nameplate that
includes the following information.
1. Relevant Standard IEC 60076
2. Manufacturer's name.
3. Serial Number.
4. Year of manufacture.
5. Number of phases.
6. Rated Power for each tap position.
7. Rated Frequency.
8. Rated Voltage.

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9. Rated Current for each tap position.
10. Maximum operating voltage.
11. Insulation level
12. Characteristics of any surge arresters, if existing, built in the
reactor
13. Guaranteed temperature rise of top oil
14. Guaranteed temperature rise of windings
15. Winding temperature indicator setting (actual temperature
gradient between top-oil and hot-spot winding temperature at
maximum rated current)
16. Diagram of the winding connection.
17. Type of cooling.
18. Total mass.
19. Transportation mass.
20. Untanking mass.
21. Active part mass, if different from untanking mass
22. Type of electrical conductor (copper)
23. Conductor mass
24. Type of magnetic core material
25. Core mass
26. Type of insulating oil (inhibited transformer oil)
27. Mass of insulating oil.
28. Vacuum withstand capability of tank, conservator and
radiators

The reactor will be also provided with a plate indicating the

designation, position, scope of use, type and dimensions of all
valves of the reactor tank and oil conservator. The plate will
indicate also the state (opened, closed) for each valve during
normal operation or vacuum drying conditions.
In addition to the above mentioned plates with the above
information, the reactor shall also carry nameplates with technical
characteristics of auxiliary equipment, such as bushings, CTs,
cooling system and OLTC according to the individual standards.

XI. TESTS

Any rectriction concerning the test performance capability (e.g test

voltage, lightning impulse waveform, reactive power, etc) will be
stated along with the offer.
The following tests shall be carried out for the shunt reactors:

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A. Routine Tests
Apart of the performance of the below mentioned tests, all routine
test certificates of the accessories will be presented to IPTO
inspector.

1. Measurement of winding resistance

The measurement will be performed for all tap positions.

2. Measurement of reactance.
The measurement will be performed for all tap positions.

3. Measurement of losses at rated current and frequency (50

Hz)
The measurement will be performed for all tap positions.
The reported losses will be corrected to reference
temperature of 75°C. Correction for the tap position of the
maximum rated power will follow the special test method,
according to IEC 60076-6, Annex D. Correction for the other
tap positions will follow the routine test method, according
to IEC 60076-6, Annex D. The expanded uncertainty of
losses with coverage factor k=2 will be calculated and
reported by the manufacturer according to IEC 60076-19,
but it shall not exceed 5%.

4. Chopped Wave Lightning Impulse Tests on Line Terminals

(LIC)

The impulse test-sequence is applied to each of the line

windings. The other line windings and the neutral shall be
earthed directly or through low impedance. The current to
earth shall be recorded during the test.
During the full-wave impulse test and for each winding,
application of chopped impulses shall be inserted, forming
the test sequence as follows:

1. Application of one reduced level, full wave impulse

1.2/50μs (50%÷70% of 1425kV)
2. Application of a 1425kV, full wave impulse 1.2/50
μs
3. Application of two 1570kV, chopped wave impulses
1.2/50 μs

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4. Application of two 1425kV, full wave impulses
1.2/50μs

The chopping time of the chopped lightning impulse will be

between 2 μs and 6 μs and the following overswing will be
below 30%.
During the test for one phase the tap changer will be on
position “100 Mvar”, for another phase on position “90
Mvar” or “80 Mvar” and for the third phase on position “70
Mvar”.

5. Switching Impulse Test on Line Terminals (SI)

A switching impulse test shall be carried out on all line

terminals, using a voltage of 1175 kV. The test shall be
carried out by applying to each phase in turn, from line
winding to neutral with the neutral earthed, one reduced
voltage wave and three full voltage waves. The reduced
voltage wave shall have a crest value between of 50% and
70% of 1175 kV.
The test shall be performed with the waveshape
100μsec/1000μsec.
The test will be performed with the tap changer on the
position of maximum rated power.

6. Applied Voltage Test (AV)

A test voltage of 140 kV rms, 50 Hz shall be applied for 60

seconds between all line and neutral terminals connected
together and to core, frame and tank of the reactor connected
together to earth.

7. Induced Voltage Withstand Test with measurement of Partial

Discharges (IVPD)

This test and measurement of partial discharges will be

executed in accordance with IEC 60076-3 and with three-
phase reactor to be tested either using three-phase test
voltage or using single-phase test voltage for each phase
separately. The one-hour line-to-neutral test voltage with
partial discharge measurement will be 365 kV and the
enhancement line-to-neutral test voltage will be 420 kV.

- 20 - TD-108A
The test will be performed with the tap changer on the
position of maximum rated power.
If the IVPD test is executed by applying single-phase
voltage, according to IEC 60076-6, the following winding
connection will be used:
- Application of a voltage 1.5 x Utest between the line
terminal under test and the other two line terminals
connected together, with the neutral terminal connected
to earth. In this connection, the tested line-to-neutral
voltage is Utest.

8. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA)

After the completion of all HV dielectric tests, oil samples

will be taken and submitted to dissolved gas analysis (DGA).
The oil sampling and the DGA will be performed according
IEC 61181 and IEC 60567.

9. Auxiliary Wiring Insulation Test (AuxW)

The auxiliary wiring for auxiliary power or signalling will be

tested with a 1min AC voltage of 2kV to earth. The
secondary windings of bushing current transformers will be
tested with a 1min AC voltage of 2.5kV to earth.

10.Check of ratio and polarity of bushing current transformers

11.Functional test of auxiliary wiring

12.Tightness test

Gas pressure of at least 30kPa over the normal oil pressure

will be applied for 24h in the conservator, with the reactor in
assembled state. No leaks shall be observed. The pressure at
the tank bottom shall be recorded during the test with a
calibrated manometer.

13.Measurement of capacitance and dissipation factor

The measurement shall be carried out between winding and

earth. The test voltage will be 10kV.
tanδ ≤ 0.5 %

- 21 - TD-108A
14.Measurement of the insulation resistance

The measurement shall be carried out between winding and

earth for two time periods (60 seconds and 15 seconds, DAR
value measurement), with 2.5kV test voltage.

To check if the core earthing follows par.VII.1m, an

insulation resistance measurement shall be carried out
between core and tank at the external earthing box, with a
suitable voltage.

15. Painting check

The external painting thickness will be checked using

magnetic method, according ISO 2178. The external painting
adhesion will be checked using cross-cut method, according
ISO 2409. The types of paint system ingredients will be
submitted to IPTO’s inspector.

16. Insulating oil tests

The following tests will be performed on oil sample from the

reactor tank and the mentioned acceptance levels will apply:
a. Breakdown voltage (BDV) following IEC 60156, with
value ≥ 70 kV
b. Dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) following IEC 60247
or IEC 61620, with value ≤ 0.005
c. Water content following IEC 60814, with value ≤ 40
mg/kg
d. Interfacial tension (IFT) following EN 14210 or ASTM
D971, with value ≥ 40 mN/m
e. Particle content following IEC 60970, with value ≤ 1000
parts/100ml with size p > 5 μm and value ≤ 130
parts/100ml with size p > 15 μm

17.Frequency response measurement

A frequency response measurement will be executed after all

other routine and special tests and prior to shipment, following
IEC 60076-18. In case the manufacturer does not possess
SFRA testing equipment, the test will be performed with
equipment provided by IPTO.

- 22 - TD-108A
B. Special Tests

The special tests shall be carried out on one (1) item of the
order

1. Measurement of zero-sequence reactance.

The measurement will be performed for all tap positions.

2. Measurement of mutual reactance.

The measurement will be performed for all tap positions.

3. Measurement of harmonics of the current.

The measurement will be performed for the tap position with
maximum rated power.

4. Measurement of magnetic characteristics.

The measurement will be performed for the tap position with
maximum rated power.

5. Measurement of linearity of reactance at 70%, 90% and

105% of rated voltage.
The measurement will be performed for the tap position with
maximum rated power.

6. Lightning Impulse Tests on Neutral Terminal (LIN)

For this test, all line terminals are earthed and the impulses
shall have a front time up to 13μs. The test sequence of the
different impulses shall be as follows:
- One reduced full impulse : For this test, the applied
voltage wave shall have a crest value between 50% and
70% of 550 kV.
- Three 100% full impulses : For this test the applied
voltage wave shall have a crest value of 550 kV.
The test will be performed with the tap changer on the
position, where the regulating winding is not connected in
series to the main winding. For linearly connected regulating
winding, this is the tap position of maximum rated power.

7. AC Withstand Voltage Test on Line Terminals (LTAC)

The test will be performed by applying a single-phase test

voltage for each phase separately. The line-to-earth voltage

- 23 - TD-108A
will be 630 kV. The test frequency and duration is the same
as for the enhancement level of IVPD test.
The test will be performed with the tap changer on the
position of maximum rated power.
For the LTAC test, according to IEC 60076-6, the following
winding connection will be used:
- Application of a voltage Utest between the line terminal
under test and the other two line terminals connected
together and to earth, with the neutral terminal left
unconnected. In this connection, the tested line-to-earth
voltage is Utest and the neutral-to-earth voltage is ⅓ x
Utest.

8. Pressure deflection test of the tank

The permanent deflection of any point of the tank walls shall

not surpass 1mm, after applying an internal pressure of at
least 35 kPa above the normal operating pressure.

9. Vacuum deflection test of the tank

The permanent deflection of any point of the tank walls shall

not surpass 1mm, after applying an internal vacuum.

10.Vacuum tightness test

After applying vacuum in the tank, the mean rate of internal

pressure rise shall not surpass 0.2 kPa/h over a period of
30min.

11.Insulating oil tests

The following tests will be performed on oil sample from the

reactor tank and the mentioned acceptance levels will apply:
a. Inhibitor content of DBPC or DBP type following IEC
60666, with value within 0.30% – 0.40%
b. Corrosive Sulphur existence following DIN 51353, with
negative result (not corrosive)
c. Potentially corrosive Sulphur existence following IEC
62535, with negative result (not corrosive)
d. PCBs existence following IEC 61619, with negative result
(not detectable, < 2 mg/kg)

- 24 - TD-108A
e. Acidity following IEC 62021-1 or -2, with value ≤ 0.10
mgKOH/g
f. Viscosity following ISO 3104, with value ≤ 12 mm2/s at
40°C and value ≤ 1800 mm2/s at -30°C (LCSET)

C. Type Tests

1. Temperature-rise Test.

Two oil temperature sensor pockets shall be available on the

reactor cover. Additionally, one oil temperature sensor pocket
shall be available at the oil input and one at the oil output of the
radiators. Four temperature sensors shall be placed around the
perimeter of the tank, at the mid height of the radiators and 2 m
away from them.
The temperature rise test will be carried out before the
dielectric routine and special tests.
The test shall be carried out at 105% of rated voltage (Umax) at
50Hz, with the tap changer on the position of maximum rated
power. The values of top-oil temperature rise, average winding
temperature rise and average winding to oil temperature
gradient will be reported at the test results. The value of hot-
spot temperature rise will be calculated and reported also.
The top-oil temperature rise shall not exceed 60 K.
The average winding temperature rise shall not exceed 65 K.
The hot-spot winding temperature rise shall not exceed 78 K.
The oil and winding temperature indicators will be calibrated at
the end of the test.

2. Measurement of losses.

The measurement will be carried out at 105% of rated voltage

(Umax), with the tap changer on the position of maximum rated
power, during and close to the end of the temperature rise test
(par.XI.C.1), with the reactor close to service temperature. The
reported losses will be corrected to rated current and reference
temperature of 75°C. The expanded uncertainty of losses with
coverage factor k=2 will be calculated and reported by the
manufacturer according to IEC 60076-19, but it shall not
exceed 5%.

- 25 - TD-108A
3. Measurement of vibrations.

The level of vibrations shall not exceed 200μm.

The measurement will be carried out at 105% of rated voltage
(Umax), with the tap changer on the position of maximum rated
power, during and close to the end of the temperature rise test
(par.XI.C.1), with the reactor close to service temperature.

4. Measurement of acoustic sound level.

The test will confirm that the reactor corrected average sound
pressure level does not exceed 80 dB(A).
The measurement will be carried out at rated voltage and
frequency, with the tap changer on the position of maximum
rated power, right after the end of the temperature rise test
(par.XI.C.1), with the reactor close to service temperature. The
measurement will be performed in accordance with IEC
60076-10.

XII. DATA TO BE SUPPLIED BY BIDDER AND VENDOR

1. Bidders must provide all information requested by
Attachment “A” attached to this hereby technical description.
Failure on the Bidder's part to comply in this respect will be
taken as reasonable ground for the rejection of the offer.
2. Bidders are required to submit, along with the offer,
drawings showing the outline dimensions of the reactor for
erection purposes as well as any information, sketches and
data necessary for a complete description of the reactor and
related equipment offered.
3. Providing that a contract has been awarded, the vendor shall
furnish three (3) copies of the following drawings for
approval and before the construction of the reactors :
a. Assembled reactor outline drawing.
b. Reactor outline drawing for transport, showing centre
of gravity
c. Bushing outline drawings, including type and
designation according EN 50458.
d. Name plate drawing.
e. Bushing current transformer control wiring diagrams.

- 26 - TD-108A
f. Bushing current transformer characteristic curves
showing open circuit secondary saturation, ratio and
phase angle correction.
g. Wiring diagram of the reactor itself.
h. Operating pressure of the pressure relief device
i. Physical and chemical characteristics of the insulating
oil, as specified in IEC 60296.
j. Detailed quality control plan (QCP), incorporating
quality assurance (QA) and inspection and test plan
(ITP).

In addition the seller shall provide the following :

Five (5) copies of final drawings and five (5) copies of
complete instruction books for erection and maintenance, all
along with the shipment of the reactors.

XIII. ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF THE OFFERS

The economic comparison of the offers shall be made according to

the data requested by the "SCHEDULE B" of this hereby technical
description.

XIV. SPARE PARTS

Bidders should quote the following spare parts giving item prices:

Item Nr. Description

1. One line-end bushing complete.

2. One neutral-end bushing complete.
3. Complete set of gaskets for all bushings, covers,
radiator flanges, manholes and handholes for one
reactor.
4. Set of replacement parts for each type of part likely to
be damaged upon operation such as relays,
instruments, safety devices, etc.

The Purchaser reserves the right to determine, when signing the

contract, the spare parts which seller shall furnish on the basis of
the prices set forth in the proposal.

- 27 - TD-108A
XV. PACKING

The accessories of the reactors will be packet inside robust, entirely

closed, wooden boxes, of at least 20mm thickness and maximum
gross weight of 5 tons.
The boxes will be of pallet type and they will be protected
internally by an insulating material (e.g.nylon).
The oil will be sent inside barrels and also the instruments, control
and protection equipment will be sent inside separate boxes as
above.
For each shipment lot of reactors, at least one shock recorder will
be provided and installed by the manufacturer on a reactor tank.
For each contract, shock recorders will be installed on the 30% at
least of the number of provided reactors.
The shock recorders will be of digital type and they will include
GPS and time tagging of the recordings. They will be of type SMT
HYBRID – MONILOG ENDAL or SHOCKWATCH – SHOCK
LOG 298 or MESSKO – CARGOLOG or of an equivalent type,
subject to IPTO’s approval.
The alarm limit of shock recorders will be set below 1g
acceleration, which is the design withstand limit, according to
par.VII.12.

- 28 - TD-108A
ATTACHMENT "A"

400 kV, 100 MVAR VARIABLE SHUNT REACTORS

WITH DEENERGIZED TAP CHANGER (DETC)
AND POWER RANGE 70 – 100 MVAR

INFORMATION REQUIRED BY THE SELLER

1. Applicable Standards : ------------------

2. Type of the reactor : ------------------

3. Rated Voltage of the reactor : --------------kV

4. Maximum Continuous Operating voltage

of the reactor : --------------kV

5. Rated Power
a. At 1st tap (maximum power) : ------------Mvar
b. At 2nd tap : ------------Mvar
c. At 3rd tap : ------------Mvar
d. At 4th tap : ------------Mvar

6. Rated Frequency : -------------- Hz

7. Rated Current at rated voltage

a. At 1st tap : ------------A
b. At 2nd tap : ------------A
c. At 3rd tap : ------------A
d. At 4th tap : ------------A

8. Rated Reactance
a. At 1st tap : ------------Ω/phase
b. At 2nd tap : ------------Ω/phase
c. At 3rd tap : ------------Ω/phase
d. At 4th tap : ------------Ω/phase

9. Method of Cooling : --------------

10. Phase Connection : --------------

- 29 - TD-108A
11. Type of core design
(number and type of limbs) : --------------

12. Insulating oil

a. Type and manufacturer : --------------
b. Does the oil contain any PCBs, PCTs
or corrosive Sulphur? : --------------
c. Is the oil of the “inhibited transformer oil (I)”
class in accordance with IEC 60296? : --------------

13. Reactor identification with regard its

magnetic characteristic
(i.e. linear, non-linear, etc) : --------------

14. Ratio of zero sequence reactance to

positive sequence reactance (X0/X+)
(estimated value) : --------------

15. Average sound pressure level : -----------dB(A)

16. Mechanical Vibration Level : ----------- μm

17. Voltage Variation Capability : --------------

18. Harmonics of the current as per cent of

the fundamental
2nd : --------------
3rd : --------------
5th : --------------

19. Winding temperature rise limits for 40oC

ambient temperature (guaranteed values)
- Average by winding : -------------- °C

20. Oil (Top) temperature at 40oC ambient

temperature : -------------- °C

21. Lightning Impulse withstand voltages:

- Line windings/bushings : -------/-----kV crest
- Neutral terminal/bushing : ------/------kV crest

- 30 - TD-108A
22. Switching impulse withstand voltages
- Line windings/bushings : -------/-----kV crest

23. Power frequency withstand voltages

(1 min, 50 Hz)
- Line windings/bushings : -------/-----kV rms
- Neutral terminal/bushing : -------/-----kV rms

24. Total losses

(at reference temperature 75°C)
- At rated voltage and current
a. At 1st tap (maximum power) : ------------kW
(guaranteed value)
b. At 2nd tap : ------------kW
c. At 3rd tap : ------------kW
d. At 4th tap : ------------kW
- At 105% of rated voltage (Umax)
a. At 1st tap : ------------kW
b. At 2nd tap : ------------kW
c. At 3rd tap : ------------kW
d. At 4th tap : ------------kW

25. Deenergized tap changer (DETC)

a. Manufacturer and type of the DETC : --------------

b. List all parts of the DETC : --------------

: --------------
: --------------

c. Type of the DETC (linear or rotary) : --------------

: --------------

d. Number of tapping positions : --------------

e. Operating temperature in oil

Minimum : --------------°C
Maximum : --------------°C

f. Does the DETC consist of

a three – phase unit ? : --------------

26. Tapping arrangement : --------------

- 31 - TD-108A
27. Position of regulating winding : --------------

28. Maximum rated through current of DETC : --------------

29. Maximum rated step voltage of DETC : --------------

30. Rated frequency of DETC : --------------

31. Rated Voltage of DETC : --------------

32. Rated power frequency withstand

voltage : --------------

33. Rated lightning impulse withstand

voltage : --------------

34. Is the operating mechanism equipped

with a hand-wheel or hand-crank? : --------------

35. Is the operating mechanism equipped

with mechanical safety device with padlock? : --------------

36. Indicate installation position

of the operating mechanism : --------------
--------------
--------------

37. Bushings
a. Line bushings
- Type : ------------
- Manufacturer : ------------
- Max. phase-phase operating
voltage : ------------ kV
- Lightning impulse withstand
voltage : ------------ kV
- Switching impulse withstand
voltage : ------------ kV
- 50 Hz withstand voltage
(1 minute) : ------------ kV
- Creepage distance : ------------ mm
- Rated current : ------------ A

- 32 - TD-108A
- Cantilever withstand load : ------------ N

b. Neutral Bushing
- Type : --------------
- Manufacturer : --------------
- Max. phase-phase operating
voltage : ------------ kV
- Lightning impulse withstand
voltage : ------------ kV
- Creepage distance : ------------ mm
- 50 Hz withstand voltage
(1 minute) : ------------ kV
- Rated current : ------------ A
- Cantilever withstand load : ------------ N

c. Are the bushings interchangeable

with any other having the same type,
according EN 50458? : --------------

38. Bushing Current Transformers

Line Neutral

CT CT CT
Ratio
Burden
Accuracy class
Manufacturer
Type of protection
Secondary resistance
Magnetizing current
Knee-point voltage

39. Supervisory and Protection Equipment

a. Buchholz relay
- Type : ------------
- Manufacturer : ------------

b. Oil Level indicator

- Type : ------------

- 33 - TD-108A
- Manufacturer : ------------

c. Dial-type oil thermometer

- Type : ------------
- Manufacturer : ------------

d. Dial-type windings thermometer

- Type : ------------
- Manufacturer : ------------

e. Tank pressure relief device

- Type : ------------
- Manufacturer : ------------
- Alarm contacts : ------------

40. Are the reactor’s accessories in accordance

with the requirements of paragraph IX.3, 4? : ------------

41. Is the reactor tank of cover bolted type? : ------------

42. Color of the reactor : ------------

43. Corrosivity category and durability

category of the reactor’s painting,
according ISO 12944 : ------------

44. Mechanical data

- Mass of core and coils : -------------- kg
- Mass of oil : -------------- kg
- Total mass of reactor : -------------- kg
- Tank type and method of
connection to the bottom plate : --------------
- Untanking weight : -------------- kg
- Over-all height : --------------
- Total shipping weight : -------------- kg
- Oil in tank for shipping : -------------- kg
- Describe with what the reactor’s
tank will be filled for transport
purposes : -------------- kg

45. Is there any restriction concerning the

test performance capability (e.g due to the
laboratory’s sufficient itself)? : --------------

- 34 - TD-108A
46. Indicate acceptance of the specified tests
(Yes of No) : --------------

47. Is the packing accordily to the paragraph XV

of the specification? : -------------

48. Deviation, if any, from the present

specification and the reasons thereof : -------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- 35 - TD-108A
ATTACHMENT "B"

400 kV, 100 Mvar VARIABLE SHUNT REACTORS

WITH DEENERGIZED TAP CHANGER (DETC)
AND POWER RANGE 70 – 100 Mvar

CAPITALIZATION OF LOSSES

For the capitalization of losses, the method of EN 50629, Annex E is

used, adapted for reactors.

1. Reactor initial cost and losses

1.1. Reactor initial cost
(The total initial cost will be calculated
by the Purchaser according to the
Special Terms of the Inquiry –
evaluation of the Bids): IC = …………… €
1.2. Total losses at rated voltage and
maximum rated power and current,
at reference temperature 75°C
(guaranteed value): Pk = …………… kW

2. Reactor total ownership cost

The capitalized losses (CL) and the total cost of ownership (TCO)
of the reactor will be calculated from the above mentioned data and
the following mathematical types. In these types, the losses are
expressed in kW and the costs are expressed in €.

CL = 5827 ∙ Pk
Capitalized losses (CL) = ……………………… €

TCO = IC + CL
Total ownership cost (TCO) = ……………………… €

3. Penalty for losses excess

With regard to total losses, a reactor is considered as successfully

inspected if the losses at maximum rated power and current and
reference temperature 75°C ascertained during inspection (relevant
routine test, par.XI.A.3) do not exceed the losses guaranteed by

- 36 - TD-108A
Seller, by more than the maximum accepted tolerance of 10%,
according to IEC 60076-6. Also the losses at all other tap positions,
at the corresponding rated power and current and reference
temperature 75°C ascertained during inspection (relevant routine
test, par.XI.A.3), shall not exceed the losses at maximum rated
power and current guaranteed by Seller, by more than the
maximum accepted tolerance of 10%. Otherwise the reactor shall
be rejected. The measurement uncertainty is not taken into account,
according to IEC 60076-19.

On each successfully inspected reactor, any difference in the losses

at any tap position versus the guaranteed ones (without tolerance)
at maximum rated power, shall be negative or zero. If such
difference is positive, meaning the losses ascertained during
inspection exceed the guaranteed ones (without tolerance), a
penalty shall be imposed on the Seller consisting of the difference
CL’ – CL. CL is calculated from the mathematical type stated
above and the guaranteed losses value, whereas CL’ is calculated
from the same mathematical type as CL and the maximum
measured losses value at any tap position during inspection.

If the difference CL’ – CL is negative the Seller is not entitled to

any additional payment, whereas if this difference is positive the
penalty shall be imposed.

- 37 - TD-108A