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    Assign No 6 - Thailand Architecture

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    Elaiza Ann Taguse
    1) The architecture of Thailand was influenced by its geography, climate, and religious and historical influences from neighboring Buddhist countries like India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Cambodia. 2) Thai architecture is characterized by multi-tiered roofs with ornate decoration, interior murals, and vivid colors. Religious buildings like wats feature central shrines and stupas. 3) Examples of Thai architecture include the Grand Palace in Bangkok with its Audience Hall and Coronation Hall, as well as royal wats identified by ornate pediments. Wat Phra Kaew and the National Museum demonstrate traditional Thai styles.

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    Assign No 6 - Thailand Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Elaiza Ann Taguse
    671 views11 pages
    1) The architecture of Thailand was influenced by its geography, climate, and religious and historical influences from neighboring Buddhist countries like India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Cambodia. 2) Thai architecture is characterized by multi-tiered roofs with ornate decoration, interior murals, and vivid colors. Religious buildings like wats feature central shrines and stupas. 3) Examples of Thai architecture include the Grand Palace in Bangkok with its Audience Hall and Coronation Hall, as well as royal wats identified by ornate pediments. Wat Phra Kaew and the National Museum demonstrate traditional Thai styles.

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    1) The architecture of Thailand was influenced by its geography, climate, and religious and historical influences from neighboring Buddhist countries like India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Cambodia. 2) Thai architecture is characterized by multi-tiered roofs with ornate decoration, interior murals, and vivid colors. Religious buildings like wats feature central shrines and stupas. 3) Examples of Thai architecture include the Grand Palace in Bangkok with its Audience Hall and Coronation Hall, as well as royal wats identified by ornate pediments. Wat Phra Kaew and the National Museum demonstrate traditional Thai styles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    671 views11 pages

    Assign No 6 - Thailand Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Elaiza Ann Taguse
    1) The architecture of Thailand was influenced by its geography, climate, and religious and historical influences from neighboring Buddhist countries like India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Cambodia. 2) Thai architecture is characterized by multi-tiered roofs with ornate decoration, interior murals, and vivid colors. Religious buildings like wats feature central shrines and stupas. 3) Examples of Thai architecture include the Grand Palace in Bangkok with its Audience Hall and Coronation Hall, as well as royal wats identified by ornate pediments. Wat Phra Kaew and the National Museum demonstrate traditional Thai styles.

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    Technological Institute of the Philippines

    938 Aurora Blvd. Cubao, Quezon City

    AR 333A / History of Architecture 3

    ARCHITECTURE OF THAILAND
    Assignment No. 6

    Maria Elaiza Ann R. Taguse

    Ar. Lawrence Dolores II

    Student

    Instructor

    AR31FA3

    August 06, 2015

    Section

    Date

    Table of Contents

    References
    Salvan, George

    I. Influences

    II. Architectural Character

    III. Examples

    IV. Terminology

    Buddhist Architecture Glossary

    Ching, Francis D.K.


    V. Significance of the Study

    11

    INFLUENCES

    GEOLOGICAL

    GEOGRAPHICAL

    CLIMATIC
    Tropical

    HISTORICAL

    RELIGIOUS

    SOCIAL

    94 % Buddhism

    Independence

    ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
    THAI Period

    Dvararati Period

    Central Thailand (6th10th century)

    Characterized by Burman Buddhist forms

    No other architectural remains except for fragments


    of foundations which give some idea of plans but not
    the style of buildings, constructed of brick and stone,
    the plinths, with mouldings similar to those of Buddhist structures have granite bases with mortise holes
    for pillars which must have supported timber superstructures

    Bangkok Style

    (13th-17th century)

    In all phases of Siamese building, the part played by


    sculpture, and in interiors, by mural painting is important

    Three Subdivisions of Style


    1.

    Sukhothai Style

    Harmoniously eclectic, employing Indian

    Mon-Khmer Period

    Center and Eastern Thailand (10th-13th century)


    Angkor style of architecture
    Also mirrored earlier building traditions of the mons
    and Talaings of Southern Burma, who brough with
    them architecture echoes of pagan
    The Khmers introduced the use of stone, in place of
    the traditional brick or rubble bonded with vegetable
    glue
    2.

    3.

    Mon Dravidian, Monpagan, Sinhalese and


    Khmer motifs
    Buddhist Temple couples normally erected
    on a terrace
    Had a central sanctuary, which sheltered a
    colossal Buddha statue screed by a high wall
    The wall had a narrow arched aperture
    through which the image was viewed and
    worshipped
    Over the sanctuary rose a tapering tower
    The only usually rectangular surrounding
    stupas carried similar elongated finials
    Ayudhya Style
    The stupa was generally circular in plan,
    ring-based and bell-shaped
    Chiengmai manner of the North, Cosmopolitan
    influences were less conspicuous, although here
    too, the custom of copying venerated monuments
    from abroad as reminders of the need for
    religious observance was the origin of some of the
    purest architecture

    (18-19th century)
    The New Capital was designed to emulate the destroyed City of Ayudhya
    Many religious buildings and palaces were erected in
    which Traditional forms were overlaid with ornamentation of Chinese character, introduced to Siam by
    refugees
    Surfaces were often finished with porcelain tiles
    Sometimes the walls are white stuccoed brick which
    contrasts with the brightly-coloured glazed tiles of
    the multi-levelled overlapping Timber roofs
    Gables and barge-boards are decorated with AngkorHindu iconography; negas Vishnu, on a garuda ( a
    mythical bird) siva on a bull, etc
    Doors and window shutters are of carved wood, lacquered in black and gold, or painted or inlaid with
    mother-of-pearl depicting themes of guardian divinities, enchanted forests ferns, flowers and still life

    ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

    brightly coloured glazed tiles


    gables and barge-boards
    decorated with iconography

    multi-levelled overlapping
    timber roofs

    walls white stuccoed brick

    Reflects the influences of the Buddhist countries and


    of the various groups with which it has mingle and
    associated for two millenia
    At various stages down the years, the cultures of Burma, China, Khmer, India and Sri Lanka, can all be seen
    to have had an important and distinctive influence on
    architecture in Thailand
    Most noticeable in Thai architecture are the swooping
    multi-tiered rooflines, the distinctly ornamental decorations, the stunning interior murals, the vivid colors
    and the lovingly crafted and gold-adorned Buddha
    images

    Thai House

    doors, windows whutters


    are of carved wood
    THRONE ROOM, ROYAL PALACE
    BANGKOK, THAILAND

    The basic thai house of the past, rarely seen today, was
    simple structure of bamboo and thatch, raised off the
    ground for protection against floods and wild animals
    Most family life took place on a veranda-like platform
    outside the one or two rooms that served as sleeping
    quarters.
    This model evolved into more complex structures of
    wood, varying both in form and decoration to suit
    conditions in different regions but always retaining
    their essential simplicity

    EXAMPLES
    Royal Architecture

    Wat Phra Sri Sarapet


    Ayudhya, Thailand

    Wat Phra Kaew

    Royal houses and mansions are typically a mixture


    of Thai wat, traditional Thai house style and
    western architecture.
    Teak wood is the main structural material of such
    buildings, giving them their distinctive rich red
    color. The doors and windows

    The 'red house' at the National Museum in Bangkok is a typical royal house and a good example of
    Thai royal architecture.
    Royal wats can be identified by usually have ornate pediments and frames, which are sometimes
    decorated in gilt bronze.
    Like the Thai wat, the roof of the royal building
    will have a chofar and normally the roof tiles are
    made of finest teak wood.
    The prefixes of Rat, Raja or Racha in their names.
    There are only 186 such wats under royal patronage in the whole of the country.

    EXAMPLES
    The Grand Palace

    Phra Maha Mantian consists of 3 main buildings


    namely:
    1. The Audience Hall of Amarin Winitchaiwhere the ceremonies of the Court usually
    take place
    2. Paisal Taksin Hall where the coronation of a
    monarch takes place with its coronation chair
    and the octagonal seat wherethe monarch
    receives the people's invitation to rule
    3. Descending from here we come to the antechamber to the Chakrapat Phiman building
    Dusit Maha Prasat Hall
    Here we have an
    audience hall with a
    throne of mother-ofpearl surmounted by
    the usual ninetiered
    white canopy, the
    mark of a duly
    crowned king. At the
    back of this audience
    hall is yet a living
    quarter. All are built
    in pure Siamese architecture of perfect proportions
    Boron Phiman Mansion Phra Thinang Borom
    Phiman
    Built in the western style in 1903 by King
    Rama V for the Heir Apparent, the future
    King Rama VI, this mansion was also used at
    various times as a royal residence by King
    Rama VII (1925-1935), King Rama VIII
    (1935- 1946), and the present King Rama IX

    TERMINOLOGY
    AEDICULE

    ARCA-GRIHA

    CHADYA

    CHEDI

    Ornamental pilastered niche to


    house a sacred image

    Image-chamber in a Buddhist shrine

    Awning, eave

    BOT

    CHAITYA / CAITYA

    Thai term essentially equivalent to


    stupa

    Another word for Ubosot, the


    ordination hall in a Buddhist temple

    Generally any sacred space, but


    usually means a shrine or prayer
    hall which has a stupa at one end

    AISLE
    Side passage running parallel to the
    nave of a temple and separated from
    it by columns

    ANDA
    Burial mound at the centre of a
    stupa, usually in the form of a solid
    dome or generally bell-shaped

    APADANA
    Columned hypostyle hall, usually
    square in plan, with a portico to one
    or more sides

    APSE

    BYAUK
    In Myanmar, a temple with a
    colourfully painted interior

    CANDI
    Indo-Indonesian royal sepulchre
    and generally equivalent of Stupa;
    used generally to refer to any
    ancient Hindu or Buddhist temple
    or shrine in Indonesia (and
    sometimes non-religious structures
    too)

    CANDI BENTAR
    Semi circular domed or vaulted
    space, especially at one end of a
    basilica space

    APSIDAL
    In the shape of an apse

    (Indonesian) Roofless gateway,


    usually to an East Javanese or
    Balinese temple

    CELLA
    The sanctuary of a temple, usually
    containing the cult statue

    CHAITYA-GRIHA

    CHOFA
    Ornamentation on the top/end of a
    roof of a temple, often in the shape
    of a mythical creature, or bird or fish

    CHORTEN
    A temple assembly hall that houses
    a stupa

    Tibetan term for a stupa

    CHANKAMA / CHANKYAMA

    CLERESTORY

    A promenade for walking


    meditation

    A windowed upper level, providing


    light for a double-storey interior

    CHATRAVALI / CHATTRAVALI

    CREPIDOMA

    Tiers (disks) forming the chattri on


    top of a stupa above the dome
    (anda) leading up to the railing/
    platform (harmika)

    Steps forming the platform of a


    temple

    CHATTRI

    The Sinhalese (i.e. Sri Lanka) word for


    Stupa

    An umbrella-shaped dome or
    pavilion, sometimes acting as a
    turret on the roof of a stupa

    DHAMMA-YON / DHAMMASALA

    CHATURMUKHA
    A four-sided temple

    DAGOBA

    The hall in a temple where the


    Dhamma (i.e. Buddhist teaching, lit.
    doctrine) is preached

    TERMINOLOGY
    FINIAL

    HTI

    MAHAL

    KUTI

    The object or decoration marking the


    top of something (like the top of a
    dome or tower) or the end of
    something like a roof edge or gable

    A sacred parasol on the upper part


    of a finial (qv)

    Summer-house or pavilion

    GANDHAKUTI

    In a Buddhist monastery, the image


    hall is the one which contains the
    (main) statue of the Buddha

    a small structure, built on stilts,


    designed to house a monk. Its proper
    size is defined in the Sanghathisep,
    Rule 6, to be 12 by 7 Keub (or 4.013
    by 2.343 meters )

    Literally a perfumed chamber


    used to mean shrines placed around
    a stupa

    MEDHI

    IMAGE HALL
    Drum forming the base of a stupa

    MONDOP

    PRASADA

    GU

    Vaulted hall with a roof supported


    by numerous columns more or less

    (Thai) A free-standing square or


    cruciform building within a Thai
    temple complex, used to house
    relics, scriptures, or act as a shrine;
    the word is related to Mandapa, qv

    A cave, at Bagan in Myanmar used by


    extension to mean any temple that
    has an interior you can enter

    JALI

    MULAPRASADA

    Lattice of filigree patterned screen

    Main block of a temple, containing


    a shrine

    KRATON

    PAYA / HPAYA

    Court of early Indonesian rulers, a


    term for a palace in Indonesia

    Burmese word for pagoda, literally


    meaning lord, hence often found
    in famous place names, e.g.
    Shwedigon Paya, and within names
    of pagodas, e.g. Bupaya Pagoda

    HARMIKA
    Square railings at the top of a stupa,
    betewen the anda and the
    chattravali, which originally
    represented a platform/ enclosure
    with a fence

    HO RAKANG / HOR RAKANG

    IWAN

    KUTAGARA
    Pavilion on the terrace of a palace

    MANDAPA
    The bell tower in a Thai temple

    HO TRAI
    In a Thai temple, the library or
    scriptures depository

    Sanskrit word for a pillared outdoor


    hall or pavilion for public rituals; in
    Hindu temples the mandapa is
    often a porch-like structure leading
    into the temple

    PHAMSANA
    Stepped pyramidal type of roof with
    rectilinear profile

    PRADAKSHINA-PATHA
    Circumambulatory path or passage
    around a shrine

    Multi-storey structure

    PRASADA-VIMANA
    Palace in a sacred environment

    SALA
    An open pavilion used as a meeting
    place or shelter, usually a term used
    for these structures in Thai temples
    although also used for roadside
    pavilions

    SALA KAN PRIAN


    A large hall where lay people can
    hear sermons in a Thai temple

    TERMINOLOGY
    SAMVARANA

    STUPA

    UBOSOT

    VIHARA

    Pyramidical hall roof with tiers of bell


    -shaped mouldings

    Originally a pre-Buddhist burial


    mound; this word is now used for
    the pre-eminent type of Buddhist
    monument, which is at least a
    freestanding mound, usually with a
    circular drum (medhi) forming the
    base for a massive solid dome
    (anda) topped by a turret (chattri);
    the bell or dome shaped mound
    covers the relics or holy objects; as
    the stupa architecturally becomes
    more complicated, so the word
    Stupa is applied in general to
    monuments and whole temples,
    interchangable in referring to many
    sites with words such as Pagoda,
    Wat, Candi

    (Thai) Ordination hall of a Thai


    Temple, also known as Bot

    Residential quarters of a Buddhist


    monastery, or by extension a
    monastery generally

    SANGHARAMA
    Abode of a Buddhist order, i.e. a
    monastery

    SANGHAWAT
    The living quarters of monks in a Thai
    temple compound

    TAHOTO
    SERDAB
    Subterranean room

    Many-jewelled pagoda, Japanese


    variant of pagoda with a stupa
    emerging from the roof

    TORANA
    STAMBHA
    Pillar or post

    Ceremonial gateways in the fence


    surrounding a stupa, of which there
    are usually four, often richly
    decorated

    VASTUSHASTRA / VASTU
    SHATRA
    Traditional Indian doctrines of
    architecture and town planning in
    wide cirulation by the 6th century
    AD vastu sastras refer to any
    ancient Sanskrit manuals in these
    topics

    VEDIKA
    Railing, especially of a sacred
    enclosure

    VIMANA
    Storeyed building with receding
    terraces, used in the south as main
    element of sanctuaery, equivalent to
    northern Mulaprasada

    WAT / VAT
    Buddhist temple or monastery
    particularly in Thailand, usually
    including buildings open to (and for
    the use of) lay people

    WIHAN
    VERANDAH
    Roofed colonnade attached to one
    or more sides of a building

    A second assembly hall, similar to the


    bot but usually larger

    ZEDI / ZEIDI
    A Burmese term for a stupa

    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

    Thailand, the land of the free. After stating that architecture will always be an
    image after something else, I might have overlooked Thailand, where little, if not zero, influence has been established from a few, if not zero, invaders. If there is any

    ...architecture
    will always be an
    image after
    something else...

    original architecture in southeast Asia, Thailand must have it.


    Bamboo houses raised off the ground, steep roofs, overlapping roofs. Alright, I think Ive
    heard that before. But since Im sticking to my belief that Thailand architecture is original, Id like to
    believe that people, although in different parts of the world, think alike. Lets just leave it to coincidence.

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