The Modern Olympic Games: Organisation
The Modern Olympic Games: Organisation
The Modern Olympic Games: Organisation
The Olympic Games, an international athletics competition, are held every four years at a
different site. A modified revival of the Olympian Games, the Olympic Games were
inaugurated in the spring of 1896.
Planning for the modern games began in 1894, with the founding of the International
Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC enlisted the aid of sports organisations and individuals
of various countries, chiefly European at first. The committee drafted policy and selected
Athens, Greece, as the site of the first Olympic Games. In theory, athletes of all nations are
eligible to participate.
Organisation
The site of the games is chosen, usually six years in advance, by the IOC. Atlanta, Georgia,
was chosen as the site of the 1996 Summer Olympics. The 2000 Summer Olympics will be
held in Sydney, Australia.
History
The first modern games, held in April 1896, attracted athletes from the United States, Great
Britain, and 11 other nations. Only 42 events in 9 sports were scheduled for these games.
The Olympic Games scheduled for Berlin in 1916 were cancelled because of World War I;
those scheduled for 1940 and 1944 were cancelled because of World War II.
After the games of 1904, which had little international significance because most of the
contestants were from the United States, more and more nations have entered teams in the
Olympics. The total number of participating athletes has also grown, from the 285 who
competed at Athens in 1896 to the approximately 10,600 who competed in Barcelona in
1992.
Since the first Olympics of the modern cycle, the number of women in Olympic competition
and the number of sports and events open to competition at the games have increased. The
number of medal sports at the 1992 Olympics totalled 28: aquatics (diving, swimming,
synchronised swimming, and water polo), archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, boxing,
canoeing-kayaking, cycling, equestrian sports, fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, judo,
modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, soccer, table tennis, team handball, tennis, track and
field, volleyball, weight lifting, wrestling, and yachting. A third significant development has
been the progressively superior performance by successive generations of Olympic athletes.
Ceremonies
An elaborate ceremony traditionally opens the Olympic Games. The athletes parade into the
stadium, led by the Greek team, in honour of the founding of the Olympic Games, with the
host nation marching in last. The Olympic Hymn is then played and the official Olympic flag
(five interlocking rings on a white background) is raised. A runner then enters the stadium
bearing the Olympic torch, initially lit by rays of the sun at Olympia, Greece, and carried to
the present site by a relay of runners. The ceremony closes with the release of doves,
symbolising the spirit of the games.
During the games, medal ceremonies are held to honour the medal winners in each event. The
first-, second-, and third-place finishers stand on a podium and receive gold, silver, and
bronze medals, respectively. Flags from the athletes' countries are raised, and the national
anthem of the country of the gold medallist is played. An elaborate closing ceremony ends
the games.
Questions
1. Why are the games held?
We will be using these same questions next week to find out about the ancient
Olympic Games so that we can compare the Ancient and Modern Games.
Questions
1. Why were the games held?
1. Why were
the games held?
2. How often
were they held?
3. Who took
part?
5. What were
the different
events?
6. What prizes
did the
winners
receive?
7. Who
watched the
games?
8. Write down
any other
information that
you think is
important.