Pregnancy is a beautiful journey filled with moments of joy, anticipation, and change. However, along with the excitement of nurturing a new life, it also brings its fair share of challenges. One of the most common and often frustrating experiences for many expecting mothers is the unwelcome duo of heartburn and indigestion.
While you’re fulfilling all your cravings, instead of feeling happy and content post meals, a burning sensation creeps up your chest, making you shift uncomfortably in your seat. Sounds familiar? You’re not alone. Heartburn and indigestion affect a majority of pregnant women, especially in the second and third trimesters. While these issues might be a normal part of the pregnancy process, understanding why they happen and how to manage them can make a world of difference.
So, what’s causing these fiery and bloated moments during pregnancy? And more importantly, how can you find relief without compromising your or your baby’s health? To understand this, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Chetna Jain, Director Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of hospitals, Gurugram.
Here are some of the common causes that can lead to indigestion and heartburn during pregnancy:
1. Hormonal Changes
According to Dr Jain, one of the primary causes of heartburn and indigestion in pregnancy is the increase in hormone levels, particularly progesterone. “This hormone is vital for maintaining a healthy pregnancy but can also relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle responsible for keeping stomach acid from moving back into the oesophagus,” she explained. When the LES becomes relaxed, stomach acid can flow upwards, leading to the burning sensation associated with heartburn. Adding further, she said, “Progesterone slows down the digestive process to allow for better nutrient absorption, which can cause food to remain in the stomach longer, contributing to indigestion and bloating.”
2. Pressure from the Growing Uterus
As the baby grows, the uterus expands, exerting pressure on the stomach and other digestive organs. This pressure pushes stomach contents, including acid, back up into the oesophagus, causing heartburn. This is particularly pronounced in the later stages of pregnancy when the uterus is at its largest. “The upward pressure can also disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive tract, causing slower digestion and contributing to symptoms like gas, bloating, and indigestion,” Dr Jain notes.
Also read: Pregnancy Nutrition: Expert Reveals Why Fruits Alone Aren’t Enough For Expecting Moms
3. Changes in Eating Habits
Pregnancy often brings about changes in appetite and eating patterns. Cravings or aversions to certain foods may lead to overeating or consuming spicy, fatty, or acidic foods, all of which are known triggers for heartburn and indigestion. Citing an example, Dr Jain said, “Foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, caffeine, and fried items can exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, many pregnant women tend to eat smaller, more frequent meals to manage nausea, but this can also result in an increased risk of acid reflux due to the constant presence of food in the stomach.”
4. Relaxation of the Digestive Tract
Pregnancy hormones, particularly relaxin, not only soften the pelvic muscles to prepare for childbirth but also relax the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. As per Dr Jain, this relaxation can slow down the movement of food and acid through the digestive system, leading to bloating, discomfort, and a sensation of fullness, all common symptoms of indigestion.
5. Increased Production of Stomach Acid
Pregnancy can sometimes stimulate an overproduction of stomach acid, either due to hormonal changes or dietary factors. “Excess stomach acid increases the likelihood of acid reflux and exacerbates symptoms of heartburn,” Dr Jain said.
6. Stress and Anxiety
The emotional and physical demands of pregnancy can lead to stress and anxiety, which are known to affect the digestive system. According to Harvard Medical School, stress can increase stomach acid production and make the digestive process slower and less efficient, contributing to symptoms of indigestion and heartburn.
7. Weight Gain
Weight gain during pregnancy can add pressure to the abdomen, pushing the stomach contents upwards. This added pressure can weaken the LES, leading to acid reflux and the burning sensation associated with heartburn.
Also read: Headaches During Pregnancy: Expert Explains Their Causes And When You Need to Worry
8. Lying Down After Eating
Pregnancy often brings fatigue, which may lead to lying down or resting soon after eating. This position makes it easier for stomach acid to move up into the oesophagus, causing heartburn. Dr Jain emphasised, “Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to this, as the LES may already be weakened.”
9. Constipation
Constipation, a common issue during pregnancy, can lead to bloating and indigestion. “The buildup of gas and stool in the intestines slows digestion, creating a feeling of fullness and discomfort,” Dr Jain noted. Constipation itself is caused by hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus on the intestines.
10. Reduced Physical Activity
Many pregnant women reduce their physical activity levels due to fatigue or discomfort, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy. Lack of physical movement can slow digestion, leading to bloating and indigestion.
Management and Prevention
Understanding the causes of heartburn and indigestion can help in adopting measures to alleviate symptoms:
Dietary Modifications:
- Avoid spicy, fatty, or acidic foods.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
- Avoid eating too close to bedtime.
Lifestyle Changes:
- Stay upright for at least an hour after meals.
- Elevate the head of the bed while sleeping.
- Wear loose-fitting clothes to avoid additional pressure on the stomach.
Hydration:
Drink plenty of water throughout the day but avoid excessive intake during meals to prevent stomach distension.
Manage Stress:
Practice relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.
Use Over-the-Counter Remedies:
Consult a doctor before using antacids or medications.
Maintain a Healthy Weight:
Gaining weight gradually and as advised by a healthcare provider can help reduce the pressure on the stomach.
When to Seek Medical Help
While heartburn and indigestion are common in pregnancy, persistent or severe symptoms may require medical attention. Consult a healthcare provider if:
- Symptoms interfere significantly with daily life.
- You experience weight loss or difficulty eating.
- There is severe pain or blood in vomit/stools.
By addressing the underlying causes and making lifestyle adjustments, pregnant women can effectively manage heartburn and indigestion, ensuring a more comfortable pregnancy.