Information Systems

Virtualisation techniques are growing in popularity and importance, given their application to server consolidation and to cloud computing. Remote Attestation is a well-known technique to assess the software integrity of a node. It works well with physical platforms, but not so well with virtual machines hosted in a full virtualisation environment (such as the Xen hypervisor or Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and it is simply not available for a lightweight virtualisation environment (such as Docker). On the contrary, the latter is increasingly used, especially in lightweight cloud platforms, because of its flexibility and limited overhead as compared to virtual machines. This paper presents a solution for security monitoring of a lightweight cloud infrastructure, which exploits Remote Attestation to verify the software integrity of cloud applications during their whole life-cycle. Our solution leverages mainstream tools and architectures, like the Linux Integrity Measurement Architecture, the OpenAttestation platform and the Docker container engine, making it practical and readily available in a real-world scenario. Compared to a standard Docker deployment, our solution enables run-time verification of container applications at the cost of a limited overhead.

... complex, dynamic stimulus presentations and the capacity to record and measure all responses precisely within the virtual environ-ment. ... presented, followed by a description of our ongoing work developing a VR mental rotation and spatial skills cognitive assessment and ...

The importance of monitoring information that serves to assist in decision-making and to anticipate changes has been increasingly recognized in the organizational context because of the growing complexity of the environment. However, the more the strategic importance of the information in organizations is acknowledged, the more difficult it becomes to perceive the difficulties associated with the search and productive use of information. The issues of this research were therefore set up to investigate two points: is there an association between the difficulties perceived by managers in the management of weak-signal anticipative information and the level of entrepreneurial orientation of organizations? And is there is an association between the perceived difficulties and the dimensions of uncertainty perceived by organizations? To achieve this, we propose to conduct this research from the perspective of Intelligence, given that this view covers the steps involved in the search, identification, classification, storage, dissemination and use of information. This structure will make it possible to associate the main difficulties in the management of weak signals, which were identified in previous studies, according to their nature with the classic steps of the Intelligence process. In turn, this will enable an analysis of the relationship between the most significant difficulties perceived by organizations with the degree of entrepreneurship they employ, as well as with the dimensions of uncertainty perceived.

Increasingly users are seen as the weak link in the chain, when it comes to the security of corporate information. Should the users of computer systems act in any inappropriate or insecure manner, then they may put their employers in danger of financial losses, information degradation or litigation, and themselves in danger of dismissal or prosecution. This is a particularly important concern for knowledge-intensive organisations, such as Universities, as the effective conduct of their core teaching and research activities is becoming ever more reliant on the availability, integrity and accuracy of computer-based information resources. One increasingly important mechanism for reducing the occurrence of inappropriate behaviours, and in so doing, protecting corporate information, is through the formulation and application of a formal 'acceptable use policy (AUP). Whilst the AUP has attracted some academic interest, it has tended to be prescriptive and overly focussed on the role of the Internet, and there is relatively little empirical material that explicitly addresses the purpose, positioning or content of real acceptable use policies. The broad aim of the study, reported in this paper, is to fill this gap in the literature by critically examining the structure and composition of a sample of authentic policies -taken from the higher education sector -rather than simply making general prescriptions about what they ought to contain. There are two important conclusions to be drawn from this study: 1) the primary role of the AUP appears to be as a mechanism for dealing with unacceptable behaviour, rather than proactively promoting desirable and effective security behaviours, and 2) the wide variation found in the coverage and positioning of the reviewed policies is unlikely to be fostering a coherent approach to security management, across the higher education sector.

Current trend in health-care industry is to shift its data on the cloud, to increase availability of Electronic Health Records (EHR) e.g. Patient’s medical history in real time, which will allow sharing of EHR with ease. However, this conventional cloud-based data sharing environment has data security and privacy issues. This paper proposes a distributed solution based on blockchain technology for trusted Health Information Exchange (HIE). In addition to exchange of EHR between patient and doctor, the proposed system is also used in other aspects of healthcare such as improving the insurance claim and making data available for research organizations. Medical data is very sensitive, in both social as well as legal aspects, so permissioned block-chain such as Hyperledger Fabric is used to retain the necessary privacy required in the proposed system. As, this is highly permissioned network where the owner of the network i.e. patient holds all the access rights, so in case of emergency ...

Context Automotive software architectures describe distributed functionality by an interaction of software components. One drawback of today’s architectures is their strong integration into the onboard communication network based on predefined dependencies at design time. The idea is to reduce this rigid integration and technological dependencies. To this end, service-oriented architecture offers a suitable methodology since network communication is dynamically established at run-time. Aim We target to provide a methodology for analysing hardware resources and synthesising automotive service-oriented architectures based on platform-independent service models. Subsequently, we focus on transforming these models into a platform-specific architecture realisation process following AUTOSAR Adaptive. Approach For the platform-independent part, we apply the concepts of design space exploration and simulation to analyse and synthesise deployment configurations, i. e., mapping services to ha...

High prevalence of mental illness and the need for effective mental health care, combined with recent advances in AI, has led to an increase in explorations of how the field of machine learning (ML) can assist in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. ML techniques can potentially offer new routes for learning patterns of human behavior; identifying mental health symptoms and risk factors; developing predictions about disease progression; and personalizing and optimizing therapies. Despite the potential opportunities for using ML within mental health, this is an emerging research area, and the development of effective ML-enabled applications that are implementable in practice is bound up with an array of complex, interwoven challenges. Aiming to guide future research and identify new directions for advancing development in this important domain, this article presents an introduction to, and a systematic review of, current ML work regarding psycho-socially ...

This article explores how agile practices can reduce three kinds of "distance" -temporal, geographical, and sociocultural -in global software development (GSD). On the basis of two indepth case studies, specific Scrum and eXtreme Programming (XP) practices are found to be useful for reducing communication, coordination, and control problems that have been associated with GSD.

The digital disruption is to transform all industries, leading to new business models based on the new technologies. In manufacturing, one model for digital disruption is Industrie 4.0. Proposals for Industrie 4.0 involve the virtualization and vertical and horizontal integration of the value chain, digital services, the digital transformation of products, the digital transformation of production equipment, the digital transformation of factories and the digital transformation of supply chains. The former two are already in place today. This article and its follow-up builds an overview of the pillars of Industrie 4.0 as addressed by the proponents of the model, by consultancy companies, by journal research, and by the customer proposition of Siemens. CapGemeni rate General Electric as a key player in the Industrial Internet in the Digital Revolution, and Siemens is its contestant. This article builds a detailed analysis of Siemens' strategy which covers the steps already made an...

Saat ini pemerintah Indonesia memiliki visi untuk menjadikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia. Nelayan merupakan salah satu pilar penting dalam pembangunan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia, karena nelayan merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang setiap hari selalu berhubungan dengan laut. Nelayan membutuhkan beberapa informasi untuk mendukung aktivitas penangkapan ikan. Informasi tersebut antara lain adalah informasi daerah penangkapan ikan, informasi cuaca, informasi harga ikan, informasi dinamika laut. Selama ini, informasi-informasi tersebut berasal dari berbagai sumber. Sistem informasi nelayan pintar ini mengintegrasikan informasi-informasi dalam satu sistem berupa aplikasi berbasis android. Untuk mengenalkan teknologi ini kepada nelayan, maka pada tahun 2015 ini dilakukan sosialisasi sistem informasi nelayan pintar di 30 pelabuhan perikanan di Indonesia.

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this article the authors describe a definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the well-known principles of IT governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Four hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be the basis for further research.

As consumers spend more time on social media, brands can take advantage of this opportunity to better serve and communicate with their followers. Still, given the characteristics of luxury, luxury brands may be reluctant to use social media. To determine the extent to which Millennials and Generation Z consumers perceive compatibility between social media marketing and luxury brands, a purposive sampling technique was employed. We collected data from 303 Romanian visitors of the Facebook page entitled Do You Like Luxury? This page, with postings from luxury producers, was specially created and sponsored in order to raise interest in completing the questionnaires. For data analysis, we used statistical tests, including confirmatory factorial analysis, regression, and independent-samples t-test. Our research shows that, for Millennials and Generation Z, luxury brands are compatible with social media apps as marketing channels. Even in the case of inadequacy, managers can still use the...

The Department of Defense (DOD) utilizes the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF), version 2.0, to model enterprise architectures for all branches of the DOD.  The use of DODAF by the DOD dates back to its initial conception and use for modeling command, control, communications, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) architectures in 1996.  This initial development and use was due to the Clinger-Cohen Act being passed.  The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1986 concerns itself with DOD information technology (IT) architectures and frameworks.  Clinger-Cohen put for rules on the development, acquisition, management, and maintenance of IT architectures.  The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) also put forth two circulars which call for the need of DODAF in DOD IT architecture projects (DOD, 2010, pp. 30-31).  DODAF version 2.0 is a complicated but essential framework for identifying the overall set of data that is required to model the enterprise architecture in order for decision makers to be able to understand and make clear decisions about the architecture (DOD, 2010, pp. 2-3).  DODAF uses models to represent the data.  Models can be diagrams, spreadsheets, or any data set organized in a form to fill the needs of the view.  Viewpoints are the collection of views required to show the design of the DOD enterprise architecture.  Due to the requirements of DODAF in DOD IT enterprise architectures by Clinger-Cohen and the OMB plus the value of DODAF to executives, managers, and decision makers, DODAF is an essential and excellent tool to use on DOD enterprise architectures.

Decision-making is a cognitive process stemming from the analysis of available courses of action related to a given problem. Rationally, potential courses of action are derived from deliberate analysis of available data related to a problem and its potential outcomes. Decisions are generally characterized as normative, descriptive or naturalistic. Normative decisions are based on evidence, logic and analysis; descriptive decisions are based on intuition and experience. Naturalistic decisions are formed as a hybrid of normative and descriptive processes.

For decision-makers the revolution in information technology and the amount and scope of the data they provide has become overwhelming, leading to cognitive overload, confusion and an inability to function effectively. Decision Support Systems (DSS) facilitate data analysis and selection of a viable course of action rapidly and effectively. However, like the human decision- makers they serve, DSS capabilities may also suffer from cognitive overload, inaccuracy, and complexity, especially in time-sensitive environments.

This study explores DSS employment for time-sensitive decision processes using Digitally Aided Close Air Support (DACAS) as a model. The study explores decision theory, models, DSS development and time-sensitive environments. Using DACAS as a model the paper reveals the obstacles and opportunities associated with the employment of DSS for time- sensitive processes. Finally, the study makes recommendations for improved employment of DSS in time-sensitive environments.

The issue of climate change has attracted increasing business attention in the past decade. Whereas companies initially aimed primarily at influencing the policy debate, corporate strategies increasingly include economic responses. Existing classifications for climate change strategies however still reflect the political, non-market components. Using empirical information from the largest multinational companies worldwide, this article examines current market responses, focusing on the drivers (threats and opportunities) and the actions being taken by companies to address climate change. It also develops a typology of climate strategies that addresses the market dimensions, covering both the aim (strategic intent) and the degree of cooperation (form of organisation). The aim turns out to be either innovation or compensation, while the organisational arrangements to reach this objective can be oriented at the company level (internal), at companies' own supply chain (vertical) or at cooperation with other companies (competitors or companies in other sectorshorizontal). The typology can assist managers in deciding about the strategic option(s) they want to choose regarding climate change, also based on the insights offered by the paper about the current state of activities of other companies worldwide. 

Internet of Things provides truly ubiquitous and smart environment. The multilayer distributed architecture with a variety of different components together with end devices, applications and the association with its framework poses challenge. Internet of Things middleware actions as a joining link between the heterogeneous areas that communicate across heterogeneous edges. In this work, we study the interoperability issue between heterogeneous devices. We presented guidelines to handle the interoperability issue in Internet of Things. Furthermore, we have proposed architectural framework for Home Area Network.

This work seeks to provide a new multi-criteria approach to assess IT Governance (ITG) in the area of Strategic Alignment. The complete methodological development process is described. The evaluation model uses Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and it is targeted to IT processes, more specifically to the COBIT© IT maturity levels, domains and processes, thus providing a differentiated analysis of importance for each item. Its relevance is related to addressing isolated and individual evaluation criteria that are normally practiced in audits of processes. The model allows generating information that extends the guarantees of compliance and corporate governance from different organizations. This research demonstrates that the combined use of multi-criteria decision methodologies and soft computing proves to be particularly suitable for Strategic Alignment such as the focal area of COBIT. The model was applied in a big retail Brazilian company.

"There are many tools available to elicit knowledge and provide understanding of organizational
concerns. This paper focuses on the rich picture (RP) used within the soft system
methodology. The RP is a diagrammatic means of identifying differing world views with
the aim of creating shared understanding of the organization. The RP has predominately
been used as a freeform, unstructured tool with no commonly agreed syntax.
Our research suggests that the RP requires structure to become a contemporary knowledge
elicitation device.We claimthat there has been a change to icons that are renowned as being
synonymous within previous RP construction. Our research has investigated the modern
iconography to be incorporated within a symbol legend for future RP construction. We
conclude that a contemporary icon legend key could offer considerable benefits to the creator
and interpreter of the RP ensuring greater appreciation of the problem situation. Copyright
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd."

The global Internet has served primarily as an arena for peaceful commerce. Some analysts have become concerned that cyberspace could be used as a potential domain of warfare, however. Martin C. Libicki argues that the possibilities of hostile conquest are less threatening than these analysts suppose. It is in fact difficult to take control of other people's information systems, corrupt their data, and shut those systems down. Conversely, there is considerable untapped potential to influence other people's use of cyberspace, as computer systems are employed and linked in new ways over time. The author explores both the potential for and limitations to information warfare, including its use in weapons systems and in command-and-control operations as well as in the generation of "noise." He also investigates how far "friendly conquest" in cyberspace extends, such as the power to persuade users to adopt new points of view. Libicki observes that friendly conquests can in some instances make hostile conquests easier or at least prompt distrust among network partners. He discusses the role of public policy in managing the conquest and defense of cyberspace and shows how cyberspace is becoming more ubiquitous and complex. Martin C. Libicki, a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation since 1998, works on the relationship between information technology and national security. He has written numerous monographs on the subject, notably What Is Information Warfare, The Mesh and the Net: Speculations on Armed Conflict in a Time of Free Silicon, and Who Runs What in the Global Information Grid. Dr. Libicki is also the editor of the RAND textbook New Challenges: New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking. His most recent assignments at RAND have been to generate novel information system capabilities for counterinsurgency and to develop a post-9/11 information technology strategy for the U.S. Department of Justice and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Terrorist Information Awareness program; to conduct an information security analysis for the FBI; to investigate targeting strategies of al Qaeda; and to assess the CIA's research and development venture, In-Q-Tel.

All organisations must take active steps to maintain the security and integrity of their information resources, and nowhere is this strategy more critical than in hospitals where issues of information accuracy and patient confidentiality are paramount. Of all the tools at the information security manager's disposal, none is more widely valued and used than the information security policy. Much research therefore concentrates on the way in which information security policies contribute to the protection of systems from internal and external threats. Such work is legitimate and important, but it often fails to explore alternative views of security and related policies. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to provide novel insights into the role and purpose of information security policies by reviewing them through a critical theoretical lens. It presents the results of a critical discourse analysis which looked for evidence of ideology and hegemony within a sample of information security policies from the UK's National Health Service. The findings support the contention that an alternative description of information security policies from a critical perspective provides better insights into existing problems than most mainstream work. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings and future research avenues.

The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare aims to improve the quality and safety of patient care, by encouraging and promoting the use of information technology (IT) in healthcare. The journal acts as a medium for the international exchange of knowledge and experience of the benefits of IT in healthcare. It publishes papers that educate healthcare professionals on the use of IT in clinical practice, and particularly papers that provide objective evidence of the benefits of IT in healthcare.

The now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoff’s formula linking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the Data- Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation, error, ignorance, and stupidity) but not exactly a chain or a pyramid. Examining the connections between these phenomena contributes to our understanding of the contours and limits of knowledge.

A set of fundamental principles can act as an enabler in the establishment of a discipline; however, software engineering still lacks a universally recognized set of fundamental principles. This article presents a progress report on an attempt to identify and develop a consensus on a set of candidate fundamental principles.

The purpose of this quantitative data analysis was to examine the relationship between industry type and information security risk-level among businesses in the United States.  This paper took into account collected business related data from 36 industry types.  Pattern recognition, bivariate linear regression analysis, and a one-sample t-test were performed to test the industry type and information security risk-level relationship of the selected business.  Test results indicated that there is a significant predictive relationship between industry type and risk-level rates among United States businesses.  Moreover, the one-sample t-test results indicated that United States businesses classified as a particular industry type are more likely to have a higher information security risk-level than the midpoint level of United States businesses.

The health care industry is increasingly becoming a knowledge-based community that is connected to hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and customers for sharing knowledge, reducing administrative costs and improving the quality of care. Thus, the success of health care depends critically on the collection, analysis and seamless exchange of clinical, billing, and utilization information or knowledge within and across the above organizational boundaries. This research envisions a knowledge management-enabled health care management system that would help integrate clinical, administrative, and financial processes in health care through a common technical architecture; and provides a decision support infrastructure for clinical and administrative decision-making. Hence, the objective of this research is to present and describe the knowledge management capabilities, the technical infrastructure, and the decision support architecture for such a health care management system. The research findings would immensely help the health care information technology (IT) managers and knowledge based system developers to identify their IT needs and to plan for and develop the technical infrastructure of the health care management system for their organizations. q

This dissertation describes the concepts, application and features of documents with the main goal to show the importance of the system documentation.
Beyond, it approaches the issues problems related to developing documents as well as the established pragmaticism concerning the need of documentation. The dissertation argues about the concept and relevant aspects of documentation passing through common issues, important aspects related to content, its connection to concepts and methodologies, respectively the Software Engineering and the Rational Unified Process and then finishes proposing a model with document types and a case study showing appropriate conclusions with regards to the dissertation’s goal.

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Biologically inspired engineering design uses analogies to biological systems to develop solutions for engineering problems. We conducted a study of biologically inspired design in the context of an interdisciplinary introductory course on biologically inspired engineering design in Fall of 2006. The goals of this study were to understand the process of biologically inspired engineering design and to provide insight into biologically inspired design as a type of design activity. This paper provides a descriptive account of biologically inspired design processes and products, and summarizes our main observations: 1) designers use two distinct starting points for biologically inspired design; 2) regular patterns of practice emerge in biologically inspired design; and 3) certain errors occur regularly in the design process.

IBM (International Business Machines) Corporation is a major player in the word of information technology (IT). The period between the 1980s and early 1990s saw IBM being thrown into turmoil by the many technological revolutions happening at the time.

Web-based communication technologies such as YouTube can provide opportunities for social contact, especially between older and younger people, and help address issues of social isolation. Currently our understanding of the dynamics of social interaction within this context (particularly for older people) is limited. Elaborating upon this understanding will make it possible to proactively facilitate and support this form of intergenerational social contact. This study focuses on the experiences of an eighty year old video blogger (vlogger), Geriatric1927, and a video dialogue that develops between himself and three of his younger viewers on a particular topic.

The digital disruption is to transform all industries, leading to new business models based on the new technologies. In manufacturing, one model for digital disruption is Industrie 4.0. Proposals for Industrie 4.0 involve the virtualization and vertical and horizontal integration of the value chain, digital services, the digital transformation of products, the digital transformation of production equipment, the digital transformation of factories and the digital transformation of supply chains. The former two are already in place today. This article and its follow-up builds an overview of the pillars of Industrie 4.0 as addressed by the proponents of the model, by consultancy companies, by journal research, and by the customer proposition of Siemens. CapGemeni rate General Electric as a key player in the Industrial Internet in the Digital Revolution, and Siemens is its contestant. This article builds a detailed analysis of Siemens' strategy which covers the steps already made an...

Traditionally, governments have been viewed as complex, large bureaucratic establishments with a set of information silos that erect barriers to the access of information and make the provision of services cumbersome and frustrating. However with the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), there is evidence of improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of internal administration within governments and the relocation of government services from government offices to locations closer to the citizens. This paper is motivated by the need to investigate an e-government phenomenon in a developing country context which is characterised by complex dynamics rooted in politics, economy and social setting. The paper has been scoped to explore the evolution of egovernment in Zimbabwe as articulated in ICT policy documents. The policy documents are analysed through the lens of thematic analysis which leads to critical narrative analysis. The use of thematic analysis as a theoretical foundation and a methodological approach for analysing text contributes to a better understanding of government publications. This study has identified that all documents are silent on the political and economic reality in Zimbabwe which directly influences the implementation of capital projects. The policy documents also make no reference to other considerations as funding models and execution plans under a complex political, social and economic environment. As a result, government policy documents remained only as blueprints without any impact towards the implementation of egovernment in Zimbabwe. 1.