Andrology

Objective. Th e present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (P-FSDS-R) among a sample of healthy Iranian women. Methods. A total of 562 healthy Iranian women completed a battery of questionnaires, including the P-FSDS-R, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Positive and Negative Aff ect Scales (PANAS) and Locke-Wallace-Marital Adjustment Test (LWMAT). Th e factor structure and the convergent and divergent validity of the P-FSDS-R were examined, using exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis and Pearson product-moment correlations, respectively. To examine the discriminant validity of the P-FSDS-R, data collected from 562 healthy participants were compared with data from 108 women with sexual problems who completed the P-FSDS-R measure. Results. Th e results of exploratory and confi rma-tory factor analyses indicate that the P-FSDS-R is conceptualized within a one-factor model. Th e results also indicate that the P-FSDS-R has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Signifi cant correlations in the predicted directions between the P-FSDS-R scores and the scores of DASS, PANAS and LWMAT support both the convergent and divergent validity of the FSDS-R. Th e results also indicate that the scores of the P-FSDS-R tests signifi cantly diff erentiated women with and without sexual problems. Conclusions. In general, these fi ndings support the reliability and the validity of the P-FSDS-R among Iranian women.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of spermatozoa and leukocytes in semen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining and to examine the association between NBT staining and levels of ROS as measured by chemiluminescence. Twenty-one infertility patients (leukocytospermia; n = 8; nonleukocytospermia, n = 13) and 9 healthy donors were included. Standard semen analysis and density gradient centrifugation were performed to test NBT staining, ROS, and total antioxidant capacity. A ROS-total antioxidant capacity (ROS-TAC) score was calculated by using principal component analysis. In the leukocytospermic group, after separation on a density gradient, the percentage of NBT-positive staining was significantly higher in sperm suspensions contaminated with leukocytes (median [25th, 75th percentiles]; 70% [61%, 79%]) compared to the nonleukocytospermic group (14.5% [9%, 25.5%]; P =.03) and donors (7% [3%, 11%]; P =.02), respectively...

Purpose: Semen parameters and sperm DNA were evaluated in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 74 fertile, depressed men treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (group 1) and 44 healthy fertile volunteers who served as a control (group 2). Two semen analyses and physical examinations were completed in all participants. Sperm chromatin structure assay was used to detect sperm DNA fragmentation. Results: The mean SE total sperm count in patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and in normal subjects was 61.2 11.4 million and 186.2 31.4 million, respectively (p 0.001). Patients in group 1 had a mean motility of 48.2% 4.6%, which was significantly lower than the mean of 66.2% 4.4% in normal controls (p 0.01). Normal sperm morphology was detected in 14 patients (18.9%) and 23 controls (52.3%) (p 0.001). Patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had a mean of 8.1% 5.4% normal forms per ejaculate. A significant increase in the amount of denatured single strand DNA in total cellular DNA was found in patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with that in controls (43.2% 11.4% vs 21.4% 10.6%, p 0.01). Each semen analysis parameter significantly correlated with treatment duration. Conclusions: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can impair semen quality and damage sperm DNA integrity. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings.

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer has been reported to occur more commonly in neutered than intact male dogs in several case series. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of prostate cancer in a large population database. The hypothesis was that castration is a risk factor for prostate cancer in male companion dogs.Prostate cancer has been reported to occur more commonly in neutered than intact male dogs in several case series. This study was undertaken to evaluate risk of prostate cancer in a large population database. The hypothesis was that castration is a risk factor for prostate cancer in male companion dogs.METHODSData were derived from recorded visits to North American veterinary teaching hospitals. The Veterinary Medical Databases (VMDB) were queried to yield male dogs with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), prostate adenocarcinoma (ACA), prostate TCC, prostate carcinoma (CA), and prostate tumors. A second query yielded all male dogs over the age of 4 years without a diagnosis of urinary tract cancer. These populations were compared to determine relative risks for developing each disease, singly and collectively, associated with neutering status. Odds ratios were calculated for breed as a risk factor.Data were derived from recorded visits to North American veterinary teaching hospitals. The Veterinary Medical Databases (VMDB) were queried to yield male dogs with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), prostate adenocarcinoma (ACA), prostate TCC, prostate carcinoma (CA), and prostate tumors. A second query yielded all male dogs over the age of 4 years without a diagnosis of urinary tract cancer. These populations were compared to determine relative risks for developing each disease, singly and collectively, associated with neutering status. Odds ratios were calculated for breed as a risk factor.RESULTSNeutered males had a significantly increased risk for each form of cancer. Neutered males had an odds ratio of 3.56 (3.02–4.21) for urinary bladder TCC, 8.00 (5.60–11.42) for prostate TCC, 2.12 (1.80–2.49) for prostate adenocarcinoma, 3.86 (3.13–4.16) for prostate carcinoma, and 2.84 (2.57–3.14) for all prostate cancers. Relative risks were highly similar when cases were limited to those with a histologically confirmed diagnosis.Neutered males had a significantly increased risk for each form of cancer. Neutered males had an odds ratio of 3.56 (3.02–4.21) for urinary bladder TCC, 8.00 (5.60–11.42) for prostate TCC, 2.12 (1.80–2.49) for prostate adenocarcinoma, 3.86 (3.13–4.16) for prostate carcinoma, and 2.84 (2.57–3.14) for all prostate cancers. Relative risks were highly similar when cases were limited to those with a histologically confirmed diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSBreed predisposition suggests that genetic factors play a role in the development of prostate cancer. The risk associated with being neutered is highest for TCC, supporting previous work identifying the urothelium and ductular rather than acinar epithelium as the source of these tumors. Prostate 67: 1174–1181, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Breed predisposition suggests that genetic factors play a role in the development of prostate cancer. The risk associated with being neutered is highest for TCC, supporting previous work identifying the urothelium and ductular rather than acinar epithelium as the source of these tumors. Prostate 67: 1174–1181, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Purpose: We explored the efficacy of selenium and/or or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men, and the associations among semen quality and the concentrations of selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine in seminal plasma. Materials and Methods: The study included 468 infertile men with idiopathic oligo-asthenoteratospermia who were randomized to receive 200 g selenium orally daily (selenium group of 116), 600 mg N-acetyl-cysteine orally daily (N-acetyl-cysteine group of 118), 200 g selenium plus 600 mg N-acetyl-cysteine orally daily (selenium plus N-acetyl-cysteine group of 116) or similar regimen of placebo (control group of 118) for 26 weeks, followed by a 30-week treatment-free period. These patients provided blood samples for the measurement of serum testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolac-tin, inhibin B, selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine. Semen samples were also obtained for routine semen analysis, and the measurement of seminal plasma selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine. Results: In response to selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine treatment serum follicle-stimulating hormone decreased but serum testosterone and inhibin B increased. All semen parameters significantly improved with selenium and N-acetyl-cys-teine treatment. Administering selenium plus N-acetyl-cysteine resulted in additive beneficial effects. A significant positive correlation existed between the seminal plasma concentrations of selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine, and semen parameters. A strong correlation was observed between the sum of the selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine concentrations, and mean sperm concentration (r 0.67, p 0.01), sperm motility (r 0.64, p 0.01) and percent normal morphology (r 0.66, p 0.01). Conclusions: These results indicate that supplemental selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine improve semen quality. We advocate their use for male infertility treatment. Abbreviations and Acronyms E2 estradiol FSH follicle-stimulating hormone GSH glutathione LH luteinizing hormone NAC N-acetyl-cysteine PRL prolactin RIA radioimmunoassay assay ROS reactive oxygen species TEAE treatment emergent adverse event

NOTE: For the *Trotula* tradition in Middle English, please refer to my later survey: Monica H. Green, “A Handlist of the Latin and Vernacular Manuscripts of the So-Called Trotula Texts.  Part II: The Vernacular Texts and Latin Re-Writings,” Scriptorium 51 (1997), 80-104 (also available here on Academia.edu). I changed the designations of the different Middle English translations there, and that system should now be cited in all scholarly references. For further updates on the texts mentioned here, see Monica H. Green, “Bibliography on Medieval Women, Gender and Medicine, 1980-2009” (2010), which can likewise be found here on Academia.edu.

NOTE ALSO: Everything said here regarding the two versions of the Gilbertus Anglicus translation (Syknesse of Wymmen) should now be supplemented by the editorial commentary in Monica H. Green and Linne R. Mooney, “The Sickness of Women”, in Sex, Aging, and Death in a Medieval Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cambridge MS R.14.52, Its Texts, Language, and Scribe, ed. M. Teresa Tavormina, Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 292, 2 vols. (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 455-568.  This is a complete edition of and commentary on Version 2 of this Middle English gynecological text, with a full analysis of the genesis of both Version 1 and Version 2.

Antisperm antibodies were considered the cause of infertility, according to different studies in 10%-30% of infertile couples. In the past vasectomy , the carrier of ASA from 40% to 70%. In both men and women, ASA production are directed against spermatic surface antigens, interfering with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract and inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction. The use of immunization against spermatozoa (ASA) is investigated, to reduce the population (depopulation) of wild animals. 40%-45% of prostitutes, are positive on ASA. It is concluded that there is a high incidence of antisperm antibodies among homosexual men, probably because of contact of spermatozoa with the immune system by passive anal intercourse. Oral and rectal administration of semen triggers the production of antibodies in serum of homosexual men and in genital secretions in rodents. The effect of ASA on fertility, confirmed in cattle and domestic animals. The pathogenesis of sperm abnormalities in immune infertility is associated with the OS of spermatozoa.

Sakit tuan dalam kalangan kaum lelaki merangkumi masalah mati pucuk, lemah syahwat dan juga ejakulasi pra-matang. Sebagai bangsa yang bertamadun, kaum Melayu turut menyediakan rawatan khusus untuk merawat masalah andrologi yang disebutkan. Kearifan Melayu dalam merawat masalah sakit tuan antara lain adalah dengan melakukan rawatan urut batin, disertai pemakanan atau penggunaan ubat tradisional yang betul. Kearifan Melayu dalam makalah ini merujuk kepada teks-teks Tajul Muluk, Kitab Hukum Jimak, Kitab Tib Pontianak dan Hikayat Nurul Lisan Menjawab Masalah selain himpunan terkini pengamal perubatan tradisional. Kajian mendapati tidak ada satu pemisahan yang jelas antara perubatan moden dan tradisional dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu.

Kata kunci: sakit tuan, andrologi, seks, rawatan tradisional Melayu, perubatan Islam

‘Sakit tuan’ is a Malay term referring to male impotency, low libido and premature ejaculation. Malay traditional treatment has its own remedy for the problems mentioned in those andrology cases. Among the Malay wisdoms in treating ‘sakit tuan’ are manhood massage, and the use of traditional medicines. The sources of Malay wisdom in this paper are traditional texts such as Tajul Muluk, Kitab Hukum Jimak, Kitab Tib Pontianak and Hikayat Nurul Lisan Menjawab Masalah. Also referred are collections from Malay traditional practitioners. For the Malays, there are no clear separation between the modern and the traditional medicine. Moving from this premise, there are advantages in Malay traditional treatments due to spiritual elements of Islam.

Key words: male impotency, premature ejaculation, sex, Malay traditional medicine, Islamic medicine

Disfungsi testis adalah kondisi di mana testis pria tidak dapat berfungsi secara normal atau mengalami gangguan.  Gangguan pada testis dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius, termasuk ketidakseimbangan hormon, disfungsi ereksi, dan infertilitas. Beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi fungsi testis adalah trauma atau cedera pada testis, torsio testis, kanker testis, epididimitis, dan hipogonadisme.
Di dalam PPT ini dibahas mengenai disfungsi testis dan penyakit sistemik. Adapun sumber bacaan dari PPT ini diperoleh dari Nieschlag, E., Behre, H.M., Nieschlag, S., 2010, Andrology Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction 3rd Completely Revised and Updated Edition, Springer, Berlin.

Purpose: Loss of the penis can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant psychogenic implications. Penile reconstruction or phallus construction poses a difficult challenge and a demanding problem to the urologists and plastic surgeons. Different techniques have been used for construction of a total penis and reconstruction of severely injured penis. The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of the most popular penile reconstruction (PR) and phallus construction techniques. Materials and Methods: We searched without language restriction MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from January 1960 to January 2009. In addition, we searched the citation lists of relevant articles and book chapters. Studies evaluating the functional and cosmetic results of different techniques of total phallus construction (TPC) and penile reconstruction (PR) were identified. Two authors independently evaluated studies for selection, study quality, and extracted data. The primary outcome was creation of a sensate and cosmetically acceptable phallus. The secondary outcomes were competent neourethra that allows voiding in comfortable position, sexual intercourse, and the rate of complications. Results: One hundred and forty-six studies with a total of 1622 patients were included in this review.

This study was primarily designed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ultraviolet (UV)-C–irradiated chicken egg yolk plasma (EYP; v:v; 10%, P1; 15%, P2; 20%, P3) or 20% (v:v) of whole chicken egg yolk (WCEY) in tris-citric acid (TCA) extender on water buffalo sperm quality during cryopreservation (postdilution, PD; postequilibration, PE; post-thawing, PT). Also the effect of best evolved concentration of UV-C–irradiated EYP in extender on in vivo fertility of buffalo spermatozoa was evaluated. At PE and PT, computer-assisted sperm analysis progressive motility (PM, %) was significantly higher in P3 compared with P1 and WCEY. Rapid velocity (RV, %) was higher (P < 0.05) in P3 compared with P1 and WCEY during cryopreservation (PD, PE, and PT). Average path velocity (mm/s) and straight line velocity (mm/s) were higher (P < 0.05) in P2 and P3 than WCEY at PE and PT. The decline percentage (%, longevity) in PM and RV was lower (P < 0.05) in P3 compared with WCEY during 2 hours incubation under in vitro condition at PT. Supravital plasma membrane integrity (%) was higher (P < 0.05) in P2 and P3 compared with control at different stages (PE and PT). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (%) was higher (P < 0.05) in P2 and P3 compared with P1 and WCEY at different stages (PD and PT). Percentage of viable sperm with intact acrosome, and sperm DNA integrity (%) were higher (P < 0.05) in P2 and P3 compared with WCEY at PT. The in vivo fertility rate (%) was significantly higher with P3 compared with WCEY (76.61 vs. 64.49). In conclusion, WCEY (20%) can be replaced with UV-C–irradiated chicken EYP (20%) in TCA extender for cryopreser-vation of water buffalo spermatozoa.