States are the primary subdivisions of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying constitutional amendments. Each state has its own constitution, grounded in republican principles, and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.
"Amistad", a working title for the song "You Found Me" by The Fray
In biology
Amistad Gambusia, an extinct fish that lived in springs now flooded by Amistad Reservoir in Texas
In enterprises
Amistad Research Center, a research center at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana devoted to research about slavery, civil rights, and African Americans that commemorates the revolt of slaves on the ship by the same name
In law
United States v. The Amistad (1841), United States Supreme Court case deciding the fate of the captives who mutinied on the ship Amistad
The Amistad, also known as United States v. Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad, 40 U.S. 518 (1841), was a United States Supreme Court case resulting from the rebellion of Africans on board the Spanish schoonerLa Amistad in 1839. It was an unusual freedom suit that involved international issues and parties, as well as United States law. The historian Samuel Eliot Morison in 1965 described it as the most important court case involving slavery before being eclipsed by that of Dred Scott.
The schooner was traveling along the coast of Cuba on its way to a port for re-sale of the slaves. The African captives, who had been kidnapped in Sierra Leone and illegally sold into slavery and shipped to Cuba, escaped their shackles and took over the ship. They killed the captain and the cook; two other crew members escaped in a lifeboat. The Africans directed the survivors to return them to Africa. The crew tricked them, sailing north at night. The Amistad was later apprehended near Long Island, New York, by the United States Revenue Cutter Service and taken into custody. The widely publicized court cases in the United States federal district and Supreme Court, which addressed international issues, helped the abolitionist movement.
Built at a cost of $79.4 million ($724million in today's dollars) the ship is the largest ocean liner constructed entirely in the U.S. and the fastest ocean liner to cross the Atlantic in either direction. Even in her retirement, she retains the Blue Riband, the accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the highest speed.
Her construction was subsidized by the U.S. government, since she was designed to allow conversion to a troopship should the need arise.United States operated uninterrupted in transatlantic passenger service until 1969. Since 1996 she has been docked at Pier 82 on the Delaware River in Philadelphia.
Design and construction
Inspired by the exemplary service of the British liners RMSQueen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, which transported hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops to Europe during World War II, the U.S. government sponsored the construction of a large and fast merchant vessel that would be capable of transporting large numbers of soldiers. Designed by renowned American naval architect and marine engineer William Francis Gibbs (1886–1967), the liner's construction was a joint effort between the United States Navy and United States Lines. The U.S. government underwrote $50 million of the $78 million construction cost, with the ship's operators, United States Lines, contributing the remaining $28 million. In exchange, the ship was designed to be easily converted in times of war to a troopship with a capacity of 15,000 troops, or to a hospital ship .
United States is the first full length hard rock collaborative album between hard rock guitar virtuoso Paul Gilbert and singer Freddie Nelson. The collaboration has been described as a cross between Queen and Mr. Big.
A Legal Slave Uprising? | United States v. The Amistad
I wrote a new book all about the Supreme Court. Order your copy here: http://amzn.to/45Wzhur or visit https://www.iammrbeat.com/merch.html.
For more about the Amistad Case, check out "Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy" by Howard Jones, available here: https://amzn.to/2OhyMmM
In episode 37 of Supreme Court Briefs, a slave uprising on a ship called The Amistad leads it to the shores of the United States, where the Supreme Court eventually determines their fate.
This episode was suggested by my wonderful Patreon supporter Elcaspar! Want a specific SCOTUS case covered? Your idea gets picked when you donate on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/iammrbeat
Donate on Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/mrbeat
Mr. Beat's band: htt...
published: 03 Aug 2018
The United States v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad Case Brief Summary
Get more case briefs explained with Quimbee. Quimbee has over 16,300 case briefs (and counting) keyed to 223 casebooks ► https://www.quimbee.com/case-briefs-overview
The United States v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad | 40 U.S. 518 (1841)
During the first decades of the nineteenth century, the United States, along with several European countries, outlawed the transatlantic slave trade. However, this didn’t prevent the trade from continuing illegally. In the Amistad case, the United States Supreme Court was confronted with a monumental question: were Africans kidnapped by illegal slave traders really slaves, or were they free?
In June eighteen thirty nine, a Spanish ship named the Amistad left port in Havana bound for Puerto Principe, Cuba. On board were the ship’s...
published: 04 Jun 2023
The Amistad History
The Amistad History: The Amistad was a ship that was the scene of one of the most famous uprisings of enslaved people in history. The uprising would lead all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Questions below:
1. What island was the Amistad traveling to?
2. In order to sail back to Africa what did the Mende men order the Spanish sailors to do?
3. What was the Amistad Captives' defense in court? What did they argue?
4. Who defended the captives in the Supreme Court?
5. How do you think slaveowners responded to the Amistad decision? Why would they respond this way?
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published: 10 May 2021
The Amistad Case | "Give us Free"
Cinque and his fellow Amistad captives - so called because they were being transported to slavery on the schooner La Amistad when they revolted and took over the ship - were charged with murder and piracy for their actions. In their defense, the captives contended they revolted as free Africans who had been kidnapped and sold into slavery. The trial became a cause celebre for abolitionists and in 1841, the case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which agreed with the Africans' assertions and ordered them freed. Amistad has been hailed as the first civil rights case to come before the U.S. Supreme Court. It is also the first time that a former president - John Quincy Adams - argued a case before the nation's highest tribunal. Despite its prominence and the Court's surprising ruling, howeve...
published: 21 Jun 2018
United States v The Amistad (1839)
Landmark Supreme Court Case Series - Case #85
published: 23 Mar 2020
United States v. Libellants & Claimants of the Schooner Amistad (1841) Overview | LSData Case Brief
The case is about the schooner L'Amistad, which was transporting slaves from Cuba to Puerto Principe. The slaves revolted, killed the captain, and took control of the ship. The Spanish owners of the slaves claimed their ownership, while the Africans claimed to be free and unlawfully transported to Cuba as slaves. The United States argued for the return of the slaves to the Spanish owners under a treaty, but it was found that the Africans were kidnapped and illegally sold into slavery in violation of international law. The most relevant facts were the ownership claims, the illegal transportation of the slaves, and the conflict of rights between the parties.
United States v. Libellants & Claimants of the Schooner Amistad (1841)
Supreme Court of the United States
15 Pet. 518, 40 U.S. 518, 10...
published: 10 Aug 2023
9th March 1841: US Supreme court rules on the Amistad slave case and sets the captured Africans free
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade.
Once smuggled into Cuba, where slavery remained legal, the Africans were sold as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was during this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded that the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for sixty days. Having been spotted by American authorities the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensu...
published: 09 Mar 2022
9th March 1841: US Supreme court rules on the Amistad slave case
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade. However, once smuggled into Cuba – where slavery remained legal – they were sold on as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was while on this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for 60 d...
I wrote a new book all about the Supreme Court. Order your copy here: http://amzn.to/45Wzhur or visit https://www.iammrbeat.com/merch.html.
For more about the...
I wrote a new book all about the Supreme Court. Order your copy here: http://amzn.to/45Wzhur or visit https://www.iammrbeat.com/merch.html.
For more about the Amistad Case, check out "Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy" by Howard Jones, available here: https://amzn.to/2OhyMmM
In episode 37 of Supreme Court Briefs, a slave uprising on a ship called The Amistad leads it to the shores of the United States, where the Supreme Court eventually determines their fate.
This episode was suggested by my wonderful Patreon supporter Elcaspar! Want a specific SCOTUS case covered? Your idea gets picked when you donate on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/iammrbeat
Donate on Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/mrbeat
Mr. Beat's band: http://electricneedleroom.us
Mr. Beat on Twitter: https://twitter.com/beatmastermatt
Mr. Beat on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/iammrbeat/
Produced by Matt Beat. All images and video used under fair use, original content, or found in the public domain. Music by Electric Needle Room (Matt Beat).
Check out cool primary sources here:
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/None
Other sources used:
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/john-quincy-adams-and-amistad-case-1841
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/40/518.html
https://www.history.com/topics/amistad-case
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/summary.html
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/priorhist.html
http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/courses/aas405c/talk.htm
Photo credits:
DanTD
Havana, Cuba
June 27, 1839
A Spanish ship called The Amistad (ahmichad) leaves for the Province of Puerto Principe (prince e pay), another part of Cuba. On board, 53 illegally purchased African slaves. On July 2nd, one of the slaves broke free and freed others on the ship. Soon there was an uprising. After a big struggle that resulted in the deaths of the captain of the ship and at least three others, the slaves took over the ship, forcing two dudes named Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montez to redirect the ship across the Atlantic Ocean to Africa. Ruiz and Montez deceived the Africans, however, and ended up sailing the Amistad up the east coast of the United States, dropping anchor just off the coast of Long Island, New York, on August 26, 1839.
The United States Revenue Cutter Service...wait wait a second...What the heck is this organization? Well just think of them as the Coast Guard before the Coast Guard existed. Anyway, the United States Revenue Cutter Service, led by Americans Thomas Gedney and Richard Meade, arrested the Africans after they reached the shore and took custody of the Amistad. Gedney and Meade made sure the Africans were brought to Connecticut, since slavery was still technically legal in that state.
After President Martin Van Buren found out about them, he was like, send them back to Cuba to go on trial. Spain, who controlled Cuba at the time, was like “yeah, bring them here.” After all, the Amistad was a Spanish ship and Ruiz and Montez were Spanish citizens. Britain chimed in since they had a deal with Spain prohibiting the slave trade south of the equator and said that this slave uprising at sea fell under international law. But a bunch of abolitionists were ultimately able to pressure the United States government to keep the Africans in the country, and they got a trial in the District of Connecticut. Keep in mind that at the time, the slave trade was illegal in the United States. The Africans were charged with mutiny and murder.
In court, there were a lot of people involved and wanting stuff. First, Ruiz and Montez argued the Africans were slaves and their property. They also argued that since the slave trade was legal in Spain, they had a right to regain control of them. And then there was a lawyer representing Spain, who argued the the slaves rightfully be returned to Ruiz and Montez or sent back to Africa. The Africans, who were represented by an abolitionist group called the Amistad Committee, all argued that they were born free in their native Africa and unlawfully kidnapped to be sold as slaves. Plus, they landed in New York, where slavery was illegal. The Amistad Committee also accused Ruiz and Montez of assault, kidnapping, and false imprisonment. And then, Gedney, as well as several others who helped Ruiz and Montez “rescue” the “cargo,” aka Africans, argued they deserved a piece of the pie. They were like, we helped you get your slaves, so can we have a few? Another Spanish dude named Antonio Vega tried to get the captain’s personal slave, claiming he actually owned him. Whew. What a mess of a case.
The district court ruled that the Africans aboard the Amistad were unlawfully kidnapped, and ordered the U.S. government to return them to Africa. It was appealed by Martin Van Buren to the Circuit Court and then to the Supreme Court.
I wrote a new book all about the Supreme Court. Order your copy here: http://amzn.to/45Wzhur or visit https://www.iammrbeat.com/merch.html.
For more about the Amistad Case, check out "Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy" by Howard Jones, available here: https://amzn.to/2OhyMmM
In episode 37 of Supreme Court Briefs, a slave uprising on a ship called The Amistad leads it to the shores of the United States, where the Supreme Court eventually determines their fate.
This episode was suggested by my wonderful Patreon supporter Elcaspar! Want a specific SCOTUS case covered? Your idea gets picked when you donate on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/iammrbeat
Donate on Paypal: https://www.paypal.me/mrbeat
Mr. Beat's band: http://electricneedleroom.us
Mr. Beat on Twitter: https://twitter.com/beatmastermatt
Mr. Beat on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/iammrbeat/
Produced by Matt Beat. All images and video used under fair use, original content, or found in the public domain. Music by Electric Needle Room (Matt Beat).
Check out cool primary sources here:
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/None
Other sources used:
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/john-quincy-adams-and-amistad-case-1841
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/40/518.html
https://www.history.com/topics/amistad-case
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/summary.html
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/priorhist.html
http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/courses/aas405c/talk.htm
Photo credits:
DanTD
Havana, Cuba
June 27, 1839
A Spanish ship called The Amistad (ahmichad) leaves for the Province of Puerto Principe (prince e pay), another part of Cuba. On board, 53 illegally purchased African slaves. On July 2nd, one of the slaves broke free and freed others on the ship. Soon there was an uprising. After a big struggle that resulted in the deaths of the captain of the ship and at least three others, the slaves took over the ship, forcing two dudes named Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montez to redirect the ship across the Atlantic Ocean to Africa. Ruiz and Montez deceived the Africans, however, and ended up sailing the Amistad up the east coast of the United States, dropping anchor just off the coast of Long Island, New York, on August 26, 1839.
The United States Revenue Cutter Service...wait wait a second...What the heck is this organization? Well just think of them as the Coast Guard before the Coast Guard existed. Anyway, the United States Revenue Cutter Service, led by Americans Thomas Gedney and Richard Meade, arrested the Africans after they reached the shore and took custody of the Amistad. Gedney and Meade made sure the Africans were brought to Connecticut, since slavery was still technically legal in that state.
After President Martin Van Buren found out about them, he was like, send them back to Cuba to go on trial. Spain, who controlled Cuba at the time, was like “yeah, bring them here.” After all, the Amistad was a Spanish ship and Ruiz and Montez were Spanish citizens. Britain chimed in since they had a deal with Spain prohibiting the slave trade south of the equator and said that this slave uprising at sea fell under international law. But a bunch of abolitionists were ultimately able to pressure the United States government to keep the Africans in the country, and they got a trial in the District of Connecticut. Keep in mind that at the time, the slave trade was illegal in the United States. The Africans were charged with mutiny and murder.
In court, there were a lot of people involved and wanting stuff. First, Ruiz and Montez argued the Africans were slaves and their property. They also argued that since the slave trade was legal in Spain, they had a right to regain control of them. And then there was a lawyer representing Spain, who argued the the slaves rightfully be returned to Ruiz and Montez or sent back to Africa. The Africans, who were represented by an abolitionist group called the Amistad Committee, all argued that they were born free in their native Africa and unlawfully kidnapped to be sold as slaves. Plus, they landed in New York, where slavery was illegal. The Amistad Committee also accused Ruiz and Montez of assault, kidnapping, and false imprisonment. And then, Gedney, as well as several others who helped Ruiz and Montez “rescue” the “cargo,” aka Africans, argued they deserved a piece of the pie. They were like, we helped you get your slaves, so can we have a few? Another Spanish dude named Antonio Vega tried to get the captain’s personal slave, claiming he actually owned him. Whew. What a mess of a case.
The district court ruled that the Africans aboard the Amistad were unlawfully kidnapped, and ordered the U.S. government to return them to Africa. It was appealed by Martin Van Buren to the Circuit Court and then to the Supreme Court.
Get more case briefs explained with Quimbee. Quimbee has over 16,300 case briefs (and counting) keyed to 223 casebooks ► https://www.quimbee.com/case-briefs-ove...
Get more case briefs explained with Quimbee. Quimbee has over 16,300 case briefs (and counting) keyed to 223 casebooks ► https://www.quimbee.com/case-briefs-overview
The United States v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad | 40 U.S. 518 (1841)
During the first decades of the nineteenth century, the United States, along with several European countries, outlawed the transatlantic slave trade. However, this didn’t prevent the trade from continuing illegally. In the Amistad case, the United States Supreme Court was confronted with a monumental question: were Africans kidnapped by illegal slave traders really slaves, or were they free?
In June eighteen thirty nine, a Spanish ship named the Amistad left port in Havana bound for Puerto Principe, Cuba. On board were the ship’s captain; two Spanish planters named Pedro Montez and Jose Ruiz; and a group of Mende tribe members from the present day African nation of Sierra Leone. During the voyage, the Mende mutinied, killing the captain and taking control of the ship. In August, a United States naval officer discovered the Amistad off the coast of Long Island. The ship was towed to Connecticut, and all the parties were brought before a federal district court.
Montez and Ruiz asked the court to return the Mende, claiming that the tribe members were their slaves and therefore their property. The United States intervened on behalf of the Spanish government, citing a treaty between the U S and Spain that required the return of salvaged property belonging to Spanish citizens. The Mende argued that they weren’t slaves, but instead were free people who’d been illegally kidnapped from Africa and transported to Cuba.
The district court found for the Mende, declared them free, and ordered their return to Africa. The Circuit Court affirmed, and the United States appealed to the U S Supreme Court, where former president John Quincy Adams represented the Mende.
Want more details on this case? Get the rule of law, issues, holding and reasonings, and more case facts here: https://www.quimbee.com/cases/the-united-states-v-the-libellants-and-claimants-of-the-schooner-amistad
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Get more case briefs explained with Quimbee. Quimbee has over 16,300 case briefs (and counting) keyed to 223 casebooks ► https://www.quimbee.com/case-briefs-overview
The United States v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad | 40 U.S. 518 (1841)
During the first decades of the nineteenth century, the United States, along with several European countries, outlawed the transatlantic slave trade. However, this didn’t prevent the trade from continuing illegally. In the Amistad case, the United States Supreme Court was confronted with a monumental question: were Africans kidnapped by illegal slave traders really slaves, or were they free?
In June eighteen thirty nine, a Spanish ship named the Amistad left port in Havana bound for Puerto Principe, Cuba. On board were the ship’s captain; two Spanish planters named Pedro Montez and Jose Ruiz; and a group of Mende tribe members from the present day African nation of Sierra Leone. During the voyage, the Mende mutinied, killing the captain and taking control of the ship. In August, a United States naval officer discovered the Amistad off the coast of Long Island. The ship was towed to Connecticut, and all the parties were brought before a federal district court.
Montez and Ruiz asked the court to return the Mende, claiming that the tribe members were their slaves and therefore their property. The United States intervened on behalf of the Spanish government, citing a treaty between the U S and Spain that required the return of salvaged property belonging to Spanish citizens. The Mende argued that they weren’t slaves, but instead were free people who’d been illegally kidnapped from Africa and transported to Cuba.
The district court found for the Mende, declared them free, and ordered their return to Africa. The Circuit Court affirmed, and the United States appealed to the U S Supreme Court, where former president John Quincy Adams represented the Mende.
Want more details on this case? Get the rule of law, issues, holding and reasonings, and more case facts here: https://www.quimbee.com/cases/the-united-states-v-the-libellants-and-claimants-of-the-schooner-amistad
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The Amistad History: The Amistad was a ship that was the scene of one of the most famous uprisings of enslaved people in history. The uprising would lead all th...
The Amistad History: The Amistad was a ship that was the scene of one of the most famous uprisings of enslaved people in history. The uprising would lead all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Questions below:
1. What island was the Amistad traveling to?
2. In order to sail back to Africa what did the Mende men order the Spanish sailors to do?
3. What was the Amistad Captives' defense in court? What did they argue?
4. Who defended the captives in the Supreme Court?
5. How do you think slaveowners responded to the Amistad decision? Why would they respond this way?
SUPPORT THE DAILY BELLRINGER: https://www.patreon.com/dailybellringer
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#amistad #amistadhistory #theamistad
The Amistad History: The Amistad was a ship that was the scene of one of the most famous uprisings of enslaved people in history. The uprising would lead all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Questions below:
1. What island was the Amistad traveling to?
2. In order to sail back to Africa what did the Mende men order the Spanish sailors to do?
3. What was the Amistad Captives' defense in court? What did they argue?
4. Who defended the captives in the Supreme Court?
5. How do you think slaveowners responded to the Amistad decision? Why would they respond this way?
SUPPORT THE DAILY BELLRINGER: https://www.patreon.com/dailybellringer
EMAIL LIST SIGN-UP: https://tinyletter.com/thedailybellringer
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS AND WORKSHEETS FOR MANY OF THE BELLRINGER VIDEOS ON WEBSITE: https://www.dailybellringer.com/
#amistad #amistadhistory #theamistad
Cinque and his fellow Amistad captives - so called because they were being transported to slavery on the schooner La Amistad when they revolted and took over th...
The case is about the schooner L'Amistad, which was transporting slaves from Cuba to Puerto Principe. The slaves revolted, killed the captain, and took control ...
The case is about the schooner L'Amistad, which was transporting slaves from Cuba to Puerto Principe. The slaves revolted, killed the captain, and took control of the ship. The Spanish owners of the slaves claimed their ownership, while the Africans claimed to be free and unlawfully transported to Cuba as slaves. The United States argued for the return of the slaves to the Spanish owners under a treaty, but it was found that the Africans were kidnapped and illegally sold into slavery in violation of international law. The most relevant facts were the ownership claims, the illegal transportation of the slaves, and the conflict of rights between the parties.
United States v. Libellants & Claimants of the Schooner Amistad (1841)
Supreme Court of the United States
15 Pet. 518, 40 U.S. 518, 10 L. Ed. 826, SCDB 1841-028, 1841 U.S. LEXIS 279
Learn more about this case at https://www.lsd.law/briefs/view/united-states-v-libellants-claimants-of-the-schooner-amistad-35866123
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The case is about the schooner L'Amistad, which was transporting slaves from Cuba to Puerto Principe. The slaves revolted, killed the captain, and took control of the ship. The Spanish owners of the slaves claimed their ownership, while the Africans claimed to be free and unlawfully transported to Cuba as slaves. The United States argued for the return of the slaves to the Spanish owners under a treaty, but it was found that the Africans were kidnapped and illegally sold into slavery in violation of international law. The most relevant facts were the ownership claims, the illegal transportation of the slaves, and the conflict of rights between the parties.
United States v. Libellants & Claimants of the Schooner Amistad (1841)
Supreme Court of the United States
15 Pet. 518, 40 U.S. 518, 10 L. Ed. 826, SCDB 1841-028, 1841 U.S. LEXIS 279
Learn more about this case at https://www.lsd.law/briefs/view/united-states-v-libellants-claimants-of-the-schooner-amistad-35866123
---
Law School Data has over 50,000 case briefs and a one-of-a-kind brief tool to instantly brief millions of US cases with just the name or case cite.
Check out all of our case briefs: https://www.lsd.law/briefs
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Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in cle...
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade.
Once smuggled into Cuba, where slavery remained legal, the Africans were sold as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was during this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded that the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for sixty days. Having been spotted by American authorities the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were not slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade.
Once smuggled into Cuba, where slavery remained legal, the Africans were sold as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was during this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded that the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for sixty days. Having been spotted by American authorities the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were not slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
...
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade. However, once smuggled into Cuba – where slavery remained legal – they were sold on as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was while on this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for 60 days, where the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the apparent ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were free rather than slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held as slaves, and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade. However, once smuggled into Cuba – where slavery remained legal – they were sold on as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was while on this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for 60 days, where the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the apparent ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were free rather than slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held as slaves, and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
I wrote a new book all about the Supreme Court. Order your copy here: http://amzn.to/45Wzhur or visit https://www.iammrbeat.com/merch.html.
For more about the Amistad Case, check out "Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy" by Howard Jones, available here: https://amzn.to/2OhyMmM
In episode 37 of Supreme Court Briefs, a slave uprising on a ship called The Amistad leads it to the shores of the United States, where the Supreme Court eventually determines their fate.
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Check out cool primary sources here:
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/None
Other sources used:
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/john-quincy-adams-and-amistad-case-1841
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/40/518.html
https://www.history.com/topics/amistad-case
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/summary.html
https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/priorhist.html
http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/courses/aas405c/talk.htm
Photo credits:
DanTD
Havana, Cuba
June 27, 1839
A Spanish ship called The Amistad (ahmichad) leaves for the Province of Puerto Principe (prince e pay), another part of Cuba. On board, 53 illegally purchased African slaves. On July 2nd, one of the slaves broke free and freed others on the ship. Soon there was an uprising. After a big struggle that resulted in the deaths of the captain of the ship and at least three others, the slaves took over the ship, forcing two dudes named Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montez to redirect the ship across the Atlantic Ocean to Africa. Ruiz and Montez deceived the Africans, however, and ended up sailing the Amistad up the east coast of the United States, dropping anchor just off the coast of Long Island, New York, on August 26, 1839.
The United States Revenue Cutter Service...wait wait a second...What the heck is this organization? Well just think of them as the Coast Guard before the Coast Guard existed. Anyway, the United States Revenue Cutter Service, led by Americans Thomas Gedney and Richard Meade, arrested the Africans after they reached the shore and took custody of the Amistad. Gedney and Meade made sure the Africans were brought to Connecticut, since slavery was still technically legal in that state.
After President Martin Van Buren found out about them, he was like, send them back to Cuba to go on trial. Spain, who controlled Cuba at the time, was like “yeah, bring them here.” After all, the Amistad was a Spanish ship and Ruiz and Montez were Spanish citizens. Britain chimed in since they had a deal with Spain prohibiting the slave trade south of the equator and said that this slave uprising at sea fell under international law. But a bunch of abolitionists were ultimately able to pressure the United States government to keep the Africans in the country, and they got a trial in the District of Connecticut. Keep in mind that at the time, the slave trade was illegal in the United States. The Africans were charged with mutiny and murder.
In court, there were a lot of people involved and wanting stuff. First, Ruiz and Montez argued the Africans were slaves and their property. They also argued that since the slave trade was legal in Spain, they had a right to regain control of them. And then there was a lawyer representing Spain, who argued the the slaves rightfully be returned to Ruiz and Montez or sent back to Africa. The Africans, who were represented by an abolitionist group called the Amistad Committee, all argued that they were born free in their native Africa and unlawfully kidnapped to be sold as slaves. Plus, they landed in New York, where slavery was illegal. The Amistad Committee also accused Ruiz and Montez of assault, kidnapping, and false imprisonment. And then, Gedney, as well as several others who helped Ruiz and Montez “rescue” the “cargo,” aka Africans, argued they deserved a piece of the pie. They were like, we helped you get your slaves, so can we have a few? Another Spanish dude named Antonio Vega tried to get the captain’s personal slave, claiming he actually owned him. Whew. What a mess of a case.
The district court ruled that the Africans aboard the Amistad were unlawfully kidnapped, and ordered the U.S. government to return them to Africa. It was appealed by Martin Van Buren to the Circuit Court and then to the Supreme Court.
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The United States v. The Libellants and Claimants of the Schooner Amistad | 40 U.S. 518 (1841)
During the first decades of the nineteenth century, the United States, along with several European countries, outlawed the transatlantic slave trade. However, this didn’t prevent the trade from continuing illegally. In the Amistad case, the United States Supreme Court was confronted with a monumental question: were Africans kidnapped by illegal slave traders really slaves, or were they free?
In June eighteen thirty nine, a Spanish ship named the Amistad left port in Havana bound for Puerto Principe, Cuba. On board were the ship’s captain; two Spanish planters named Pedro Montez and Jose Ruiz; and a group of Mende tribe members from the present day African nation of Sierra Leone. During the voyage, the Mende mutinied, killing the captain and taking control of the ship. In August, a United States naval officer discovered the Amistad off the coast of Long Island. The ship was towed to Connecticut, and all the parties were brought before a federal district court.
Montez and Ruiz asked the court to return the Mende, claiming that the tribe members were their slaves and therefore their property. The United States intervened on behalf of the Spanish government, citing a treaty between the U S and Spain that required the return of salvaged property belonging to Spanish citizens. The Mende argued that they weren’t slaves, but instead were free people who’d been illegally kidnapped from Africa and transported to Cuba.
The district court found for the Mende, declared them free, and ordered their return to Africa. The Circuit Court affirmed, and the United States appealed to the U S Supreme Court, where former president John Quincy Adams represented the Mende.
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The Amistad History: The Amistad was a ship that was the scene of one of the most famous uprisings of enslaved people in history. The uprising would lead all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Questions below:
1. What island was the Amistad traveling to?
2. In order to sail back to Africa what did the Mende men order the Spanish sailors to do?
3. What was the Amistad Captives' defense in court? What did they argue?
4. Who defended the captives in the Supreme Court?
5. How do you think slaveowners responded to the Amistad decision? Why would they respond this way?
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#amistad #amistadhistory #theamistad
The case is about the schooner L'Amistad, which was transporting slaves from Cuba to Puerto Principe. The slaves revolted, killed the captain, and took control of the ship. The Spanish owners of the slaves claimed their ownership, while the Africans claimed to be free and unlawfully transported to Cuba as slaves. The United States argued for the return of the slaves to the Spanish owners under a treaty, but it was found that the Africans were kidnapped and illegally sold into slavery in violation of international law. The most relevant facts were the ownership claims, the illegal transportation of the slaves, and the conflict of rights between the parties.
United States v. Libellants & Claimants of the Schooner Amistad (1841)
Supreme Court of the United States
15 Pet. 518, 40 U.S. 518, 10 L. Ed. 826, SCDB 1841-028, 1841 U.S. LEXIS 279
Learn more about this case at https://www.lsd.law/briefs/view/united-states-v-libellants-claimants-of-the-schooner-amistad-35866123
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Briefs come with built in LSDefine and DeepDive, which allow you to read as quickly or as deeply as you want. Each brief has a built in legal dictionary and recursive summaries that go into more and more detail, until you eventually hit the original case text.
Subscribe for new videos every week: https://www.youtube.com/@LSData?sub_confirmation=1
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade.
Once smuggled into Cuba, where slavery remained legal, the Africans were sold as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was during this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded that the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for sixty days. Having been spotted by American authorities the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were not slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
The United States vs. The Amistad case was a landmark legal battle in the struggle against slavery and provided the abolitionist movement with huge publicity.
Early in 1839 a number of Africans, including Joseph Cinqué from Sierra Leone, had been kidnapped by Portuguese slavers and transported to Cuba. This was in clear violation of international laws that prohibited the African slave trade. However, once smuggled into Cuba – where slavery remained legal – they were sold on as slaves and transported along the coast on the Spanish-owned Amistad. It was while on this journey that Cinqué led the slaves in a revolt against the crew that resulted in the deaths of the ship’s captain and cook.
The Africans demanded the remaining crew return them to Africa, but instead they sailed north for 60 days, where the ship was taken into US custody off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. A long legal battle then ensued, with Cuba demanding the return of the apparent ‘slaves’, Spain demanding them go on trial for piracy and murder, and abolitionists pushing for their return to Africa.
A key argument in the case was that, since the Africans had been illegally captured, they were free rather than slaves. The long case eventually went before the Supreme Court who ruled that they had been unlawfully held as slaves, and thus rebelled in a natural right to self-defense. The court set them free.
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