The Era is 54 km long, and its main tributaries are: (to the left) Cascina river, Ragone torrent, Sterza torrent, and (to the right) Capriggine torrent and Roglio torrent.
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time. The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such time frames: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record. These eras are separated by catastrophic extinction boundaries, the P-T boundary between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic and the K-T boundary between the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. There is evidence that catastrophic meteorite impacts played a role in demarcating the differences between the eras.
The Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic eons were as a whole formerly called the Precambrian. This covered the four billion years of Earth history prior to the appearance of hard-shelled animals. More recently, however, those eons have been subdivided into eras of their own.
Adjusted ERA+, often simply abbreviated to ERA+ or ERA plus, is a pitching statistic in baseball. It adjusts a pitcher's earned run average (ERA) according to the pitcher's ballpark (in case the ballpark favors batters or pitchers) and the ERA of the pitcher's league. Average ERA+ is set to be 100; a score above 100 indicates that the pitcher performed better than average, below 100 indicates worse than average.
For instance, if the average ERA in the league is 4.00, and the pitcher is pitching in a ballpark that favors hitters, and his ERA is 4.00, then his ERA+ will be over 100. Likewise, if the pitcher is pitching in a ballpark favoring pitchers, then the pitcher's ERA+ will be below 100.
As a result, ERA+ can be used to compare pitchers across different run environments. In the above example, the first pitcher may have performed better than the second pitcher, even though his ERA is higher. ERA+ can be used to account for this misleading impression.
Pedro Martínez holds the modern record for highest ERA+ in a single season; he posted a 1.74 ERA in the 2000American League, which had an average ERA of 4.92, which gave Martínez an ERA+ of 291. While Bob Gibson has the lowest ERA in modern times (1.12 in the National League in 1968), the average ERA was 2.99 that year (the so-called Year of the Pitcher) and so Gibson's ERA+ is 258, sixth highest since 1900. 1968 was the last year that Major League Baseball employed the use of a pitcher's mound greater than 10inches.
"Swing" is the lead single from Savage's debut solo album, Moonshine. It was released in January 2005 and went on to reach number one in the New Zealand singles chart. In 2008, it was released as a single in the United States with a re-done version featuring Soulja Boy, as well as an additional version featuring Pitbull. Both remixes are featured on the rapper's second studio album Savage Island, and the Soulja Boy version additionally appeared on Now That's What I Call Music! 29. There are also covers of this song by metalcore bands Drop Dead, Gorgeous and Miss May I.
"Swing" was remixed by Australian producer Joel Fletcher in 2013. The remix, credited as "Joel Fletcher & Savage", has reached number two in Australia - charting much higher than the original version. A music video was filmed on 17 December 2013 and released on 14 January 2014. The track features on the Australian release of Ministry of Sound - The Annual 2014. This version of the song was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association.
Swing is the third extended play (EP) and fifth overall release by Mandopopboy bandSuper Junior-M, a sub-group of the South Korean band Super Junior. The EP consists of six songs, which were released for digital download on March 21, 2014 in China and Taiwan by S.M. Entertainment. The group released the album in Korean music sites, such as MelOn, genie, Naver music and more, on March 31, 2014.
Swing is a Hong Kong musical duo that was founded in 1999. The members are Eric Kwok and Jerald Chan. The former name of the group is Snowman. Their best known work is "1984" and "A ticket in half" (半張飛).
Swing was disbanded in 2002. They returned in 2009 when releasing the Wu Dang album. Another album Electro was released in 2010 .
Career
In 1997, Chan met Kwok for the first time when the former returned to Hong Kong after graduating from university.
In 1999, they formed Snowman under the label EEI, which was owned by EMI.
In the same year they released the first album, Snowman. The songs were composed and arranged by Snowman, with vocal production by Chung Ting Yat, Danny. Meanwhile, they made songs for singers such as Gigi Leung Wing-Kei.
EEI closed in 2000. During the peiod when the group was searching for another record company, Kwok continued composing songs for singers such as Eason Chan, Jacky Cheung and Cass Phang. Notable works made during this period include The Lucky Ferris Wheel (幸福摩天輪) and To The Boys I Loved (給我愛過的男孩們).
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↓ More info below ↓
By looking at the layers beneath our feet, geologists have been able to identify and describe crucial episodes in life’s history. These key events frame the chapters in the story of life on earth and the system we use to bind all these chapters together is the Geologic Time Scale.
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
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References:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/st...
published: 06 Nov 2017
Phanerozoic Eon | Geologic Time Scale with events |
The Phanerozoic Eon is part of the geologic timescale.
This Eon consists of three major eras.
The Paleozoic era, the Mesozoic era, and the Cenozoic era.
The Paleozoic era is also called the "ancient life".
Life echinoderms, trilobites, and jawless fish roamed the ocean along with sharks.
Tetrapods crawled out of the ocean and started living on land.
Insects began to spread along with reptiles and amphibians.
The supercontinent Rodinia broke apart and then drifted back together creating Pangea.
The Mesozoic era is called the "age of reptiles".
Dinosaurs prospered during this era.
The Cenozoic era can be called the "age of flowering plants" or the age of the insects."
Mammals, flowering plants, and insects all prospered during this era.
published: 20 Sep 2017
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks | memorize geographical time scale in 5 minutes
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks - This lecture explains about tricks that will help you to memorize geologic time scale and history of life in planet earth. Use these basic tricks to make geographical time scale learning easy. To know geological time scale in details you need to know 2 sentences including how camel's ankle creak when they sit.
You can easily draw geological time scale chart with this easy tricks
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animati...
published: 01 Oct 2017
From the Cambrian Explosion to the Great Dying
Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
The first era of our current eon, the Paleozoic Era, is probably the most deceptively fascinating time in Earth’s history. With near-constant revolutions in life, punctuated by catastrophic extinctions, it is also one of the most chaotic.
Correction! At 9:19, we erroneously refer to Dimetrodon as an herbivore. It was definitely a carnivore. We even made a whole video about Dimetrodon and their carnivorous ways in a previous episode: https://youtu.be/SR3OOP9mImI Thanks to everyone who pointed out our error!
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https:...
published: 20 Feb 2018
Paleogene Period Part-1 | Geological Time Scale | Cenozoic Era | Geology | Geography | UPSC | IFoS
Part 1st of the Paleogene Period.
Dominance of Mammals, Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Trick to remember all seven Epoch of Cenozoic Era.
published: 18 Mar 2020
Geology 23 (Geologic Time)
Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is this one: https://amzn.to/47VNed8. However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you prefer a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: https://amzn.to/45UFDcR
For other introductory geology lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcI_lGDDt5A65hZDfQVPMEUzDRYYXWHoy
published: 30 Oct 2015
Precambrian Era - Geology Gallery
published: 15 Sep 2020
Geology Era's Project Final
published: 21 Apr 2021
Era (geology)
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Era (geology)
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such time frames: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record.
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↓ More info below ↓
By looking at the layers be...
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
↓ More info below ↓
By looking at the layers beneath our feet, geologists have been able to identify and describe crucial episodes in life’s history. These key events frame the chapters in the story of life on earth and the system we use to bind all these chapters together is the Geologic Time Scale.
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/histgeol/steno/steno.htm
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/47/14518.full.pdf
http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf
https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/25/9/pdf/i1052-5173-25-9-38.pdf
http://www.strata-smith.com/?page_id=279
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/march-30-1759-the-four-layers-of-earth/
http://earthscienceshistory.org/doi/pdf/10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751
http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/ads/SiberianTraps/AreaVolume.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=rmrGS9s-KewC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/born-this-day-giovanni-arduino.html
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n1/full/ngeo1649.html?foxtrotcallback=true
http://www.pnas.org/content/95/19/11028.full
http://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walking-upright
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/scientists-may-have-found-earliest-evidence-life-earth
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130117084856.htm
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/ediacaran.php
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/origin/04-cambrian-explosion.php
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/28jan_extinction
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2017/20170612-falklands-impact-crater.html
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/1/l_031_01.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521131541.htm
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-beguiling-history-of-bees-excerpt/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asteroid-killed-dinosaurs/
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-abstract/36/3/251/29681/cooling-and-ice-growth-across-the-eocene-oligocene?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G204/lectures/204grass.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahelanthropus-tchadensis-ten-years-after-the-disocvery-2449553/
https://www.livescience.com/40311-pleistocene-epoch.html
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20641.full
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_04
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
Steno, N. (1916). 1669: De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Florence, 78p.
Hancock, Paul L; Skinner, Brian J, Oxford Companion to the Earth, Oxford University Press, 2000
http://www.nature.com/news/anthropocene-the-human-age-1.17085
Addition to image credits: some footage from this episode is from VideoBlocks.com
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
↓ More info below ↓
By looking at the layers beneath our feet, geologists have been able to identify and describe crucial episodes in life’s history. These key events frame the chapters in the story of life on earth and the system we use to bind all these chapters together is the Geologic Time Scale.
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/histgeol/steno/steno.htm
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/47/14518.full.pdf
http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf
https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/25/9/pdf/i1052-5173-25-9-38.pdf
http://www.strata-smith.com/?page_id=279
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/march-30-1759-the-four-layers-of-earth/
http://earthscienceshistory.org/doi/pdf/10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751
http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/ads/SiberianTraps/AreaVolume.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=rmrGS9s-KewC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/born-this-day-giovanni-arduino.html
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n1/full/ngeo1649.html?foxtrotcallback=true
http://www.pnas.org/content/95/19/11028.full
http://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walking-upright
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/scientists-may-have-found-earliest-evidence-life-earth
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130117084856.htm
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/ediacaran.php
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/origin/04-cambrian-explosion.php
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/28jan_extinction
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2017/20170612-falklands-impact-crater.html
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/1/l_031_01.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521131541.htm
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-beguiling-history-of-bees-excerpt/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asteroid-killed-dinosaurs/
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-abstract/36/3/251/29681/cooling-and-ice-growth-across-the-eocene-oligocene?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G204/lectures/204grass.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahelanthropus-tchadensis-ten-years-after-the-disocvery-2449553/
https://www.livescience.com/40311-pleistocene-epoch.html
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20641.full
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_04
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
Steno, N. (1916). 1669: De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Florence, 78p.
Hancock, Paul L; Skinner, Brian J, Oxford Companion to the Earth, Oxford University Press, 2000
http://www.nature.com/news/anthropocene-the-human-age-1.17085
Addition to image credits: some footage from this episode is from VideoBlocks.com
The Phanerozoic Eon is part of the geologic timescale.
This Eon consists of three major eras.
The Paleozoic era, the Mesozoic era, and the Cenozoic era.
The Pal...
The Phanerozoic Eon is part of the geologic timescale.
This Eon consists of three major eras.
The Paleozoic era, the Mesozoic era, and the Cenozoic era.
The Paleozoic era is also called the "ancient life".
Life echinoderms, trilobites, and jawless fish roamed the ocean along with sharks.
Tetrapods crawled out of the ocean and started living on land.
Insects began to spread along with reptiles and amphibians.
The supercontinent Rodinia broke apart and then drifted back together creating Pangea.
The Mesozoic era is called the "age of reptiles".
Dinosaurs prospered during this era.
The Cenozoic era can be called the "age of flowering plants" or the age of the insects."
Mammals, flowering plants, and insects all prospered during this era.
The Phanerozoic Eon is part of the geologic timescale.
This Eon consists of three major eras.
The Paleozoic era, the Mesozoic era, and the Cenozoic era.
The Paleozoic era is also called the "ancient life".
Life echinoderms, trilobites, and jawless fish roamed the ocean along with sharks.
Tetrapods crawled out of the ocean and started living on land.
Insects began to spread along with reptiles and amphibians.
The supercontinent Rodinia broke apart and then drifted back together creating Pangea.
The Mesozoic era is called the "age of reptiles".
Dinosaurs prospered during this era.
The Cenozoic era can be called the "age of flowering plants" or the age of the insects."
Mammals, flowering plants, and insects all prospered during this era.
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks - This lecture explains about tricks that will help you to memorize geologic time scale and history of life i...
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks - This lecture explains about tricks that will help you to memorize geologic time scale and history of life in planet earth. Use these basic tricks to make geographical time scale learning easy. To know geological time scale in details you need to know 2 sentences including how camel's ankle creak when they sit.
You can easily draw geological time scale chart with this easy tricks
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
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Thank you for watching the made easy series to understand about the geological time scale and events associated with the geological time scale with the concept of Era, eon, epoch and their subdivision.
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks - This lecture explains about tricks that will help you to memorize geologic time scale and history of life in planet earth. Use these basic tricks to make geographical time scale learning easy. To know geological time scale in details you need to know 2 sentences including how camel's ankle creak when they sit.
You can easily draw geological time scale chart with this easy tricks
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help
Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching
We are social. Find us on different sites here-
Our Website – www.shomusbiology.com
Facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/ShomusBiology/
Twitter - https://twitter.com/shomusbiology
SlideShare- www.slideshare.net/shomusbiology
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LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/suman-bhattacharjee-2a051661
Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/user/TheFunsuman
Thank you for watching the made easy series to understand about the geological time scale and events associated with the geological time scale with the concept of Era, eon, epoch and their subdivision.
Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go ...
Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
The first era of our current eon, the Paleozoic Era, is probably the most deceptively fascinating time in Earth’s history. With near-constant revolutions in life, punctuated by catastrophic extinctions, it is also one of the most chaotic.
Correction! At 9:19, we erroneously refer to Dimetrodon as an herbivore. It was definitely a carnivore. We even made a whole video about Dimetrodon and their carnivorous ways in a previous episode: https://youtu.be/SR3OOP9mImI Thanks to everyone who pointed out our error!
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
https://www.nature.com/news/what-sparked-the-cambrian-explosion-1.19379
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6152/1355.full
https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/43/1/157/604502
https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-014-0004-x
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/burgess-shale/03-fossils.php#composition
http://austhrutime.com/cambrian_period.htm
http://dev.biologists.org/content/132/11/2503
https://park.org/Canada/Museum/extinction/camcause.html
https://ac-els-cdn-com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/S0031018210003184/1-s2.0-S0031018210003184-main.pdf?_tid=a7fd64d8-f408-11e7-96fe-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1515370547_3b81bba2e15582b09e40465c75c9c419
http://www.nature.com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/articles/s41561-017-0006-3
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00118.x/abstract;jsessionid=D36B0CF621E81915838CB1BF7A3CB985.f04t02
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x/abstract
https://www.fossilhunters.xyz/disappeared-species/the-major-extinctions-and-their-causes-cambrianordovician.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154?via%3Dihub
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007107000196
https://web.archive.org/web/19991009125017/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/gly3150/plant.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21417-first-land-plants-plunged-earth-into-ice-age/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0001437014050014
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46817981_Silurian-Devonian_boundary_events_and_their_influence_on_cephalopod_evolution_evolutionary_significance_of_cephalopod_egg_size_during_mass_extinctions
https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1066p/report.pdf
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179262
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2013/09/25/first-jawed-fish-had-one-ugly-face/#.Wg9iLhNSyfR
http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.ca/2013/12/a-scorpion-from-late-devonian-of-south.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18346-oldest-footprints-of-a-four-legged-vertebrate-discovered/
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01512.x/full
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10969?message-global=remove
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960982215009276/1-s2.0-S0960982215009276-main.pdf?_tid=7f5f51ce-0486-11e8-9da1-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1517183815_9a41800ae5d0f975bf3b4dfb1f81fdac
https://books.google.com/books?id=hFLmCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=first+terrestrial+arachnids&source=bl&ots=tyPhAKSwrP&sig=xK1ZdvR6toJsYAhfIUHUQmlWFks&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixx-747fvYAhUE2WMKHZQOC8MQ6AEIiwEwEQ#v=onepage&q=first%20terrestrial%20arachnids&f=false
Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
The first era of our current eon, the Paleozoic Era, is probably the most deceptively fascinating time in Earth’s history. With near-constant revolutions in life, punctuated by catastrophic extinctions, it is also one of the most chaotic.
Correction! At 9:19, we erroneously refer to Dimetrodon as an herbivore. It was definitely a carnivore. We even made a whole video about Dimetrodon and their carnivorous ways in a previous episode: https://youtu.be/SR3OOP9mImI Thanks to everyone who pointed out our error!
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
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References:
https://www.nature.com/news/what-sparked-the-cambrian-explosion-1.19379
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6152/1355.full
https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/43/1/157/604502
https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-014-0004-x
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/burgess-shale/03-fossils.php#composition
http://austhrutime.com/cambrian_period.htm
http://dev.biologists.org/content/132/11/2503
https://park.org/Canada/Museum/extinction/camcause.html
https://ac-els-cdn-com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/S0031018210003184/1-s2.0-S0031018210003184-main.pdf?_tid=a7fd64d8-f408-11e7-96fe-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1515370547_3b81bba2e15582b09e40465c75c9c419
http://www.nature.com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/articles/s41561-017-0006-3
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00118.x/abstract;jsessionid=D36B0CF621E81915838CB1BF7A3CB985.f04t02
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x/abstract
https://www.fossilhunters.xyz/disappeared-species/the-major-extinctions-and-their-causes-cambrianordovician.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154?via%3Dihub
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007107000196
https://web.archive.org/web/19991009125017/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/gly3150/plant.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21417-first-land-plants-plunged-earth-into-ice-age/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0001437014050014
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46817981_Silurian-Devonian_boundary_events_and_their_influence_on_cephalopod_evolution_evolutionary_significance_of_cephalopod_egg_size_during_mass_extinctions
https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1066p/report.pdf
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179262
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2013/09/25/first-jawed-fish-had-one-ugly-face/#.Wg9iLhNSyfR
http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.ca/2013/12/a-scorpion-from-late-devonian-of-south.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18346-oldest-footprints-of-a-four-legged-vertebrate-discovered/
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01512.x/full
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10969?message-global=remove
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960982215009276/1-s2.0-S0960982215009276-main.pdf?_tid=7f5f51ce-0486-11e8-9da1-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1517183815_9a41800ae5d0f975bf3b4dfb1f81fdac
https://books.google.com/books?id=hFLmCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=first+terrestrial+arachnids&source=bl&ots=tyPhAKSwrP&sig=xK1ZdvR6toJsYAhfIUHUQmlWFks&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixx-747fvYAhUE2WMKHZQOC8MQ6AEIiwEwEQ#v=onepage&q=first%20terrestrial%20arachnids&f=false
Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is ...
Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is this one: https://amzn.to/47VNed8. However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you prefer a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: https://amzn.to/45UFDcR
For other introductory geology lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcI_lGDDt5A65hZDfQVPMEUzDRYYXWHoy
Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is this one: https://amzn.to/47VNed8. However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you prefer a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: https://amzn.to/45UFDcR
For other introductory geology lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcI_lGDDt5A65hZDfQVPMEUzDRYYXWHoy
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
Era (geology)
A geologic era is ...
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
Era (geology)
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such time frames: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record.
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Tj0pXtk5lg
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
Era (geology)
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such time frames: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record.
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Tj0pXtk5lg
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
↓ More info below ↓
By looking at the layers beneath our feet, geologists have been able to identify and describe crucial episodes in life’s history. These key events frame the chapters in the story of life on earth and the system we use to bind all these chapters together is the Geologic Time Scale.
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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References:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/histgeol/steno/steno.htm
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/47/14518.full.pdf
http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf
https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/25/9/pdf/i1052-5173-25-9-38.pdf
http://www.strata-smith.com/?page_id=279
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/march-30-1759-the-four-layers-of-earth/
http://earthscienceshistory.org/doi/pdf/10.17704/eshi.31.2.c2q4076006wn7751
http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/ads/SiberianTraps/AreaVolume.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=rmrGS9s-KewC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/born-this-day-giovanni-arduino.html
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n1/full/ngeo1649.html?foxtrotcallback=true
http://www.pnas.org/content/95/19/11028.full
http://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walking-upright
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/scientists-may-have-found-earliest-evidence-life-earth
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130117084856.htm
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/ediacaran.php
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/origin/04-cambrian-explosion.php
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/28jan_extinction
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/2017/20170612-falklands-impact-crater.html
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/1/l_031_01.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080521131541.htm
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-beguiling-history-of-bees-excerpt/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asteroid-killed-dinosaurs/
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/eocene.php
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-abstract/36/3/251/29681/cooling-and-ice-growth-across-the-eocene-oligocene?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G204/lectures/204grass.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahelanthropus-tchadensis-ten-years-after-the-disocvery-2449553/
https://www.livescience.com/40311-pleistocene-epoch.html
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20641.full
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_04
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html
Steno, N. (1916). 1669: De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Florence, 78p.
Hancock, Paul L; Skinner, Brian J, Oxford Companion to the Earth, Oxford University Press, 2000
http://www.nature.com/news/anthropocene-the-human-age-1.17085
Addition to image credits: some footage from this episode is from VideoBlocks.com
The Phanerozoic Eon is part of the geologic timescale.
This Eon consists of three major eras.
The Paleozoic era, the Mesozoic era, and the Cenozoic era.
The Paleozoic era is also called the "ancient life".
Life echinoderms, trilobites, and jawless fish roamed the ocean along with sharks.
Tetrapods crawled out of the ocean and started living on land.
Insects began to spread along with reptiles and amphibians.
The supercontinent Rodinia broke apart and then drifted back together creating Pangea.
The Mesozoic era is called the "age of reptiles".
Dinosaurs prospered during this era.
The Cenozoic era can be called the "age of flowering plants" or the age of the insects."
Mammals, flowering plants, and insects all prospered during this era.
Geological time scale chart made easy with tricks - This lecture explains about tricks that will help you to memorize geologic time scale and history of life in planet earth. Use these basic tricks to make geographical time scale learning easy. To know geological time scale in details you need to know 2 sentences including how camel's ankle creak when they sit.
You can easily draw geological time scale chart with this easy tricks
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Thank you for watching the made easy series to understand about the geological time scale and events associated with the geological time scale with the concept of Era, eon, epoch and their subdivision.
Learn more about Audible at https://Audible.com/Eons or text “Eons” to 500-500
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to http://to.pbs.org/DonateEons
The first era of our current eon, the Paleozoic Era, is probably the most deceptively fascinating time in Earth’s history. With near-constant revolutions in life, punctuated by catastrophic extinctions, it is also one of the most chaotic.
Correction! At 9:19, we erroneously refer to Dimetrodon as an herbivore. It was definitely a carnivore. We even made a whole video about Dimetrodon and their carnivorous ways in a previous episode: https://youtu.be/SR3OOP9mImI Thanks to everyone who pointed out our error!
Thanks to Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of their work here: https://252mya.com/licensing
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/eonsshow
Twitter - https://twitter.com/eonsshow
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/eonsshow/
References:
https://www.nature.com/news/what-sparked-the-cambrian-explosion-1.19379
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6152/1355.full
https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/43/1/157/604502
https://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-014-0004-x
http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/science/burgess-shale/03-fossils.php#composition
http://austhrutime.com/cambrian_period.htm
http://dev.biologists.org/content/132/11/2503
https://park.org/Canada/Museum/extinction/camcause.html
https://ac-els-cdn-com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/S0031018210003184/1-s2.0-S0031018210003184-main.pdf?_tid=a7fd64d8-f408-11e7-96fe-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1515370547_3b81bba2e15582b09e40465c75c9c419
http://www.nature.com.libproxy.mtroyal.ca/articles/s41561-017-0006-3
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00118.x/abstract;jsessionid=D36B0CF621E81915838CB1BF7A3CB985.f04t02
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x/abstract
https://www.fossilhunters.xyz/disappeared-species/the-major-extinctions-and-their-causes-cambrianordovician.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154?via%3Dihub
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007107000196
https://web.archive.org/web/19991009125017/http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/gly3150/plant.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21417-first-land-plants-plunged-earth-into-ice-age/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0001437014050014
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000154
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46817981_Silurian-Devonian_boundary_events_and_their_influence_on_cephalopod_evolution_evolutionary_significance_of_cephalopod_egg_size_during_mass_extinctions
https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1066p/report.pdf
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0179262
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2013/09/25/first-jawed-fish-had-one-ugly-face/#.Wg9iLhNSyfR
http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.ca/2013/12/a-scorpion-from-late-devonian-of-south.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18346-oldest-footprints-of-a-four-legged-vertebrate-discovered/
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01512.x/full
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10969?message-global=remove
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960982215009276/1-s2.0-S0960982215009276-main.pdf?_tid=7f5f51ce-0486-11e8-9da1-00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1517183815_9a41800ae5d0f975bf3b4dfb1f81fdac
https://books.google.com/books?id=hFLmCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=first+terrestrial+arachnids&source=bl&ots=tyPhAKSwrP&sig=xK1ZdvR6toJsYAhfIUHUQmlWFks&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixx-747fvYAhUE2WMKHZQOC8MQ6AEIiwEwEQ#v=onepage&q=first%20terrestrial%20arachnids&f=false
Glad to have you studying with me! I have more content in the works and I hope you'll enjoy it. For those that are interested, the best textbook out there is this one: https://amzn.to/47VNed8. However, it's a little old now (two of the authors have passed away) and if you prefer a newer textbook, I would recommend this one: https://amzn.to/45UFDcR
For other introductory geology lectures: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcI_lGDDt5A65hZDfQVPMEUzDRYYXWHoy
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
Era (geology)
A geologic era is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller units of time.The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three such time frames: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic represent the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record.
-Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Tj0pXtk5lg
The Era is 54 km long, and its main tributaries are: (to the left) Cascina river, Ragone torrent, Sterza torrent, and (to the right) Capriggine torrent and Roglio torrent.
(Umariya Naram Thi, Tajurbe Mein Kam Thi) 2 Najariya Balam Ki Bhi Mujhpe Karam Thi Mere Sang Yeh Hoga Nahi Jaanati Thi Na Jaane Kahaan Se Fasi Main Toh Pyaar Mein (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 8 (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 4 (Bareli Bareli Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 2 (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 2 (Yeh Balama Kasam Se Bada Jurm Dhaaye Yeh Aise Sataaye Na Kar Paau Haay) 2 Naye Paitaron Se Kartab Dikhaaye Karu Kya Main Isaka Samajh Mein Na Aaye Na Jaane Kahaan Se Fasi Main Toh Yaaron (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 8 (Bina Baadalon Ke Barasta Hi Jaaye Na Yeh Pir Samajhe Taras Bhi Na Khaaye) 2 Kabhi Phuljhadi Sa Yeh Mujhko Jalaaye Kabhi Bamb Ke Jaisa Yeh Khud Phoot Jaaye Na Jaane Kahaan Se Fasi Main Toh Yaaron (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 6 Bareli Bareli Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein (Bareli Ke Bajaar Mein) 2