Zugzwang (German for "compulsion to move", pronounced[ˈtsuːktsvaŋ]) is a situation found in chess and other games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because they must make a move when they would prefer to pass and not move. The fact that the player is compelled to move means that their position will become significantly weaker. A player is said to be "in zugzwang" when any possible move will worsen their position.
The term is also used in combinatorial game theory, where it means that it directly changes the outcome of the game from a win to a loss, but the term is used less precisely in games such as chess. Putting the opponent in zugzwang is a common way to help the superior side win a game, and in some cases, it is necessary in order to make the win possible.
The term "zugzwang" was used in German chess literature in 1858 or earlier, and the first known use of the term in English was by World ChampionEmanuel Lasker in 1905. The concept of zugzwang was known to players many centuries before the term was coined, appearing in an endgame study published in 1604 by Alessandro Salvio, one of the first writers on the game, and in shatranj studies dating back to the early 9th century, over 1000 years before the first known use of the term.
Squeeze is the fifth and final studio album released by the Velvet Underground. While labeled as a Velvet Underground record, it actually features no members of the group other than multi-instrumentalist Doug Yule, who wrote and recorded the album almost entirely by himself. Yule had joined the Velvet Underground prior to recording their self-titled third album, replacing founding member John Cale, and had contributed significantly to the fourth album, Loaded. Following the departures of the remaining founding members, Lou Reed and Sterling Morrison, Yule took control of the band. Longtime drummer Maureen Tucker was slated to appear on Squeeze by Yule, but she was dismissed by the band's manager, Steve Sesnick.
Following a promotional tour for the album by Yule and a backing band, Yule called it quits, bringing the Velvet Underground to an end until the group reformed for a tour in 1993. Squeeze failed to chart and quickly fell into obscurity after its release. Critics generally dismiss the record as "a Velvet Underground album in name only".
A squeeze play (or squeeze) is a tactic, often occurring late in the hand, used in contract bridge and other trick-taking games in which the play of a card (the squeeze card) forces an opponent to discard a winner or the guard of a potential winner. Although numerous types of squeezes have been analyzed and catalogued in contract bridge, they were first discovered and described in whist.
Most squeezes operate on the principle that declarer's and dummy's hands can, between them, hold more cards with the potential to take extra tricks than a single defender's hand can protect or guard. Infrequently, due to of the difficulty of coordinating their holdings, two defenders can cooperate to squeeze declarer or dummy on the same principle.
Context
Complexity
Squeeze plays are considered by many "to be the domain of the experts but many of the positions are straightforward once the basic principles are understood." And according to Terence Reese, the squeeze play "in its practical aspects is not particularly difficult. It takes time, admittedly...and has...to be learned - it cannot be 'picked up'".
The show's main characters are FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate a series of ritualistic killings by somebody seemingly capable of squeezing his body through impossibly narrow gaps. The agents deduce that their suspect may be a genetic mutant who has been killing in sprees for ninety years.
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the six piece types moves differently. The most powerful piece is the queen and the least powerful piece is the pawn. The objective is to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting their own. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.
Chess is believed to have originated in India, some time before the 7th century; the Indian game of chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of xiangqi and shogi. The pieces took on their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the rules were finally standardized in the 19th century.
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.
The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". In these cases, the corresponding symbol is juxtaposed in the text immediately after the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?, see algebraic chess notation).
Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently. Moreover, an annotator's use of symbols is often influenced by the player's strength: a positional misjudgment that an annotator might give a "??" if played by a strong grandmaster might pass unremarked if played by a beginner.
Annotators' use of punctuation also may possibly be influenced by the result of the game (regardless of the actual quality of the move); one possible example came in the 11th game of the 1972 World Championship, when Spassky played an unexpected move, 14.Nb1, retreating the knight to its initial square. Spassky won the game, and several annotators gave the move two exclamation points. Edmar Mednis asserted that if Spassky had lost the game, the move would likely have been given two question marks instead.
And Vogt finally got his chance to stop losing to Hinch in chess by switching to judo and flipping him upside down when got Fry to execute a perfect safety squeeze that scored Rocchio for a 5-3 lead.
Karpov, the good, obedient Communist, played chess like a boa constrictor, squeezing the opponent out of breathing space on the board. Kasparov, the rebel with a mind of his own, liked to play an aggressive style of chess.
Karpov, the good, obedient Communist, played chess like a boa constrictor, squeezing the opponent out of breathing space on the board. Kasparov, the rebel with a mind of his own, liked to play an aggressive style of chess.
The morning of their first day together, Jackie makes elaborate pancake breakfast for the children, and her daughter beats Charlotte in a game of chess ... freshly squeezed orange juice in the morning.
This Saturday, Sept. 30, the FallMarket will wrap up the 2023 season for the AthensFarmers Market... • Taylor's CoolTreats - fresh squeezed lemonade. • Tutt & Tutts - relish, dressing, chess pies, cornbread muffins, cheese chips ... ....
Pittsburgh is a melting pot of personalities and possibilities ... • • • ... On a recent evening, a mother and daughter promoted their co-owned bookstore and two friends chatted about freshly squeezed juice while old buddies played chess.
The black squares were distinguished from the white by a few oblique lines scratched inside them… the new inmates made their own [chess] pieces squeezed from breadcrumbs, with one player mixing his with cigarette ash.
It Takes a Pillage ...Collusion. How Central Bankers Rigged the World. Jacked ... and Ms ... *** ... … ... Supply-chain shortages and political chess matches will further squeeze global prices, rendering necessities more expensive for those who can least afford them ... .
A game of chess seems trivial when people are fighting for food and life every day ... “When we could not buy chess boards, we made them from wood ... Serious chess often began at the Munuki ChessClub inJuba, the capital city ... chess Chess Olympiad.
On that note, chess has more space for the strategic as well as emotional involvement from the spectators ...Chess Olympiad ... The noisy silence of the chess fans. Why are the Chennai fans thronging the Chess Olympiad venue despite endless restrictions?.
How Gukesh matched attack for attack before teasing Alexie Shirov with an offer he couldn’t refuseThe noisy silence of the chess fans. Why are the Chennai fans thronging the Chess Olympiad venue despite endless restrictions?Abdusattory.
Newsday
10 Sep 2022
Newsday
10 Sep 2022