In cell biology, the spindle apparatus refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.Microtubules comprise the most abundant components of the machinery.
Spindle structure
Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization dynamics drive chromosome congression. Depolymerization of microtubules generates tension at kinetochores; bipolar attachment of sister kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite cell poles couples opposing tension forces, aligning chromosomes at the cell equator and poising them for segregation to daughter cells. Once every chromosome is bi-oriented, anaphase commences and cohesin, which couples sister chromatids, is severed, permitting the transit of the sister chromatids to opposite poles.
Spindle neurons, also called von Economo neurons (VENs), are a specific class of neurons that are characterized by a large spindle-shaped soma (or body), gradually tapering into a single apicalaxon in one direction, with only a single dendrite facing opposite. Other neurons tend to have many dendrites, and the polar-shaped morphology of spindle neurons is unique. A neuron's dendrites receive signals, and its axon sends them.
It is sometimes defined by what it is not. Soft tissue has been defined as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal mesenchyme exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system and glia".
Composition
The characteristic substances inside the extracellular matrix of this kind of tissue are the collagen, elastin and ground substance. Normally the soft tissue is very hydrated because of the ground substance. The fibroblasts are the most common cell responsible for the production of soft tissues' fibers and ground substance. Variations of fibroblasts, like chondroblasts, may also produce these substances.
Mechanical characteristics
At small strains, elastin confers stiffness to the tissue and stores most of the strain energy. The collagen fibers are comparatively inextensible and are usually loose (wavy,crimped). With increasing tissue deformation the collagen is gradually stretched in the direction of deformation. When taut, these fibers produce a strong growth in tissue stiffness. The composite behavior is analogous to a nylon stocking, whose rubber band does the role of elastin as the nylon does the role of collagen. In soft tissues the collagen limits the deformation and protects the tissues from injury.
Sports Medicine
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Soft tissue injuries
This video is a presentation on soft tissue injuries for HSC, PDHPE, sports medicine
published: 30 Sep 2016
Soft Tissue Sarcomas | FAQ with Dr. Adam Levin
Adam Levin, M.D., orthopaedic oncologist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins, discusses the common types of soft tissue sarcomas, how they are diagnosed, and innovative treatment options available. To learn more about our orthopaedic oncology services, visit www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ortho
1. What are soft tissue sarcomas and where are they commonly found? (0:02)
2. What are the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas? (0:39)
3. How are soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed? (1:10)
4. What are the treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas? (1:37)
5. What does the sarcoma grading system mean? (2:08)
6. Are there hereditary or lifestyle factors that make someone more at risk for developing a soft tissue sarcoma? (2:34)
8. Are there any innovative types of treatment that are ...
published: 25 Sep 2017
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Created by world-class clinical faculty, Learning in 10 (LIT) Reviews covers topics in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2CK examination. The collection of ten minutes lectures can be used by medical students to supplement their lecture materials. Each video undergoes a peer-review process to ensure accuracy of information.
To learn more about Learning in 10 (LIT), please visit https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/learningin10
published: 31 Oct 2018
Understanding Cellulitis: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
This video contains an explanation of skin and soft tissue infections, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.
See how I make these videos: https://youtu.be/0PzzCfptWHs
More written notes and diagrams about skin and soft tissue infections are available on the website at:
https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cellulitis/
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1091859892
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1080142827
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: https://www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: https:/...
published: 02 Jan 2021
Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Cancer) Treatment | Nora’s Story
Nora Murray was diagnosed with a sarcoma at 44 and visited Johns Hopkins to find hope. Sarcomas are rare, large, complex tumors that only a few centers in the country are experienced in treating. Nora walks us through her battle with sarcoma, how she overcame it and how her quality of life has improved.
published: 05 Jan 2015
Soft Tissue Cytopathology
Liron Pantanowitz, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Handouts - https://tinyurl.com/wx5l5vx
*Please note there is NO CME associated with this presentation. For educational use only.
Are you a member of the ASC? If not check, out the member benefits and consider joining, https://cytopathology.org/page/MembershipBenefit
The ASC 68th Annual Scientific Meeting will be held November 5-8, 2020, in Orlando, Florida, make plans to attend, https://cytopathology.org/page/AnnualScientificMeeting
#cytopath #cyto
published: 01 Apr 2020
Heterogeneity of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD, provides an overview of the heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas and the common sites for primary tumors and metastases to develop.
published: 13 Nov 2017
Excision of soft tissue sarcoma in extremity
More info: http://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/Sarcoma_ExcisionSoftTissueExtremity
Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/facebook_oncoloex
ICGI homepage: http://bit.ly/icgi_homepage
Sports Medicine
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Soft tissue injuries
This video is a presentation on soft tissue injuries for HSC, PDHPE, sports...
Sports Medicine
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Soft tissue injuries
This video is a presentation on soft tissue injuries for HSC, PDHPE, sports medicine
Sports Medicine
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Soft tissue injuries
This video is a presentation on soft tissue injuries for HSC, PDHPE, sports medicine
Adam Levin, M.D., orthopaedic oncologist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins, discusses the common types of soft tissue sarcomas, how they...
Adam Levin, M.D., orthopaedic oncologist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins, discusses the common types of soft tissue sarcomas, how they are diagnosed, and innovative treatment options available. To learn more about our orthopaedic oncology services, visit www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ortho
1. What are soft tissue sarcomas and where are they commonly found? (0:02)
2. What are the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas? (0:39)
3. How are soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed? (1:10)
4. What are the treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas? (1:37)
5. What does the sarcoma grading system mean? (2:08)
6. Are there hereditary or lifestyle factors that make someone more at risk for developing a soft tissue sarcoma? (2:34)
8. Are there any innovative types of treatment that are being explored by Johns Hopkins? (3:09)
Adam Levin, M.D., orthopaedic oncologist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins, discusses the common types of soft tissue sarcomas, how they are diagnosed, and innovative treatment options available. To learn more about our orthopaedic oncology services, visit www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ortho
1. What are soft tissue sarcomas and where are they commonly found? (0:02)
2. What are the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas? (0:39)
3. How are soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed? (1:10)
4. What are the treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas? (1:37)
5. What does the sarcoma grading system mean? (2:08)
6. Are there hereditary or lifestyle factors that make someone more at risk for developing a soft tissue sarcoma? (2:34)
8. Are there any innovative types of treatment that are being explored by Johns Hopkins? (3:09)
Created by world-class clinical faculty, Learning in 10 (LIT) Reviews covers topics in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2CK examination. Th...
Created by world-class clinical faculty, Learning in 10 (LIT) Reviews covers topics in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2CK examination. The collection of ten minutes lectures can be used by medical students to supplement their lecture materials. Each video undergoes a peer-review process to ensure accuracy of information.
To learn more about Learning in 10 (LIT), please visit https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/learningin10
Created by world-class clinical faculty, Learning in 10 (LIT) Reviews covers topics in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2CK examination. The collection of ten minutes lectures can be used by medical students to supplement their lecture materials. Each video undergoes a peer-review process to ensure accuracy of information.
To learn more about Learning in 10 (LIT), please visit https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/learningin10
This video contains an explanation of skin and soft tissue infections, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.
See h...
This video contains an explanation of skin and soft tissue infections, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.
See how I make these videos: https://youtu.be/0PzzCfptWHs
More written notes and diagrams about skin and soft tissue infections are available on the website at:
https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cellulitis/
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1091859892
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1080142827
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: https://www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: https://www.zerotofinals.com/learn
Multiple Choice Questions: https://www.zerotofinals.com/test
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerotofinals/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zerotofinals
Twitter: https://twitter.com/zerotofinals
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not YouTube videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below - thank you.
This video contains an explanation of skin and soft tissue infections, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.
See how I make these videos: https://youtu.be/0PzzCfptWHs
More written notes and diagrams about skin and soft tissue infections are available on the website at:
https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cellulitis/
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1091859892
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1080142827
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: https://www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: https://www.zerotofinals.com/learn
Multiple Choice Questions: https://www.zerotofinals.com/test
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerotofinals/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zerotofinals
Twitter: https://twitter.com/zerotofinals
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not YouTube videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below - thank you.
Nora Murray was diagnosed with a sarcoma at 44 and visited Johns Hopkins to find hope. Sarcomas are rare, large, complex tumors that only a few centers in the c...
Nora Murray was diagnosed with a sarcoma at 44 and visited Johns Hopkins to find hope. Sarcomas are rare, large, complex tumors that only a few centers in the country are experienced in treating. Nora walks us through her battle with sarcoma, how she overcame it and how her quality of life has improved.
Nora Murray was diagnosed with a sarcoma at 44 and visited Johns Hopkins to find hope. Sarcomas are rare, large, complex tumors that only a few centers in the country are experienced in treating. Nora walks us through her battle with sarcoma, how she overcame it and how her quality of life has improved.
Liron Pantanowitz, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Handouts - https://tinyurl.com/wx5l5vx
*Please note there is NO CME ass...
Liron Pantanowitz, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Handouts - https://tinyurl.com/wx5l5vx
*Please note there is NO CME associated with this presentation. For educational use only.
Are you a member of the ASC? If not check, out the member benefits and consider joining, https://cytopathology.org/page/MembershipBenefit
The ASC 68th Annual Scientific Meeting will be held November 5-8, 2020, in Orlando, Florida, make plans to attend, https://cytopathology.org/page/AnnualScientificMeeting
#cytopath #cyto
Liron Pantanowitz, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Handouts - https://tinyurl.com/wx5l5vx
*Please note there is NO CME associated with this presentation. For educational use only.
Are you a member of the ASC? If not check, out the member benefits and consider joining, https://cytopathology.org/page/MembershipBenefit
The ASC 68th Annual Scientific Meeting will be held November 5-8, 2020, in Orlando, Florida, make plans to attend, https://cytopathology.org/page/AnnualScientificMeeting
#cytopath #cyto
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD, provides an overview of the heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas and the common sites for primary tumors and metastases to develop.
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD, provides an overview of the heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas and the common sites for primary tumors and metastases to develop.
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD, provides an overview of the heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas and the common sites for primary tumors and metastases to develop.
More info: http://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/Sarcoma_ExcisionSoftTissueExtremity
Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/facebook_oncoloex
ICGI homep...
More info: http://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/Sarcoma_ExcisionSoftTissueExtremity
Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/facebook_oncoloex
ICGI homepage: http://bit.ly/icgi_homepage
More info: http://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/Sarcoma_ExcisionSoftTissueExtremity
Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/facebook_oncoloex
ICGI homepage: http://bit.ly/icgi_homepage
Sports Medicine
How are sports injuries classified and managed?
Soft tissue injuries
This video is a presentation on soft tissue injuries for HSC, PDHPE, sports medicine
Adam Levin, M.D., orthopaedic oncologist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins, discusses the common types of soft tissue sarcomas, how they are diagnosed, and innovative treatment options available. To learn more about our orthopaedic oncology services, visit www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ortho
1. What are soft tissue sarcomas and where are they commonly found? (0:02)
2. What are the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas? (0:39)
3. How are soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed? (1:10)
4. What are the treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas? (1:37)
5. What does the sarcoma grading system mean? (2:08)
6. Are there hereditary or lifestyle factors that make someone more at risk for developing a soft tissue sarcoma? (2:34)
8. Are there any innovative types of treatment that are being explored by Johns Hopkins? (3:09)
Created by world-class clinical faculty, Learning in 10 (LIT) Reviews covers topics in the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2CK examination. The collection of ten minutes lectures can be used by medical students to supplement their lecture materials. Each video undergoes a peer-review process to ensure accuracy of information.
To learn more about Learning in 10 (LIT), please visit https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/learningin10
This video contains an explanation of skin and soft tissue infections, aimed at helping medical students and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.
See how I make these videos: https://youtu.be/0PzzCfptWHs
More written notes and diagrams about skin and soft tissue infections are available on the website at:
https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cellulitis/
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1091859892
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1080142827
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: https://www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: https://www.zerotofinals.com/learn
Multiple Choice Questions: https://www.zerotofinals.com/test
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerotofinals/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zerotofinals
Twitter: https://twitter.com/zerotofinals
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not YouTube videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below - thank you.
Nora Murray was diagnosed with a sarcoma at 44 and visited Johns Hopkins to find hope. Sarcomas are rare, large, complex tumors that only a few centers in the country are experienced in treating. Nora walks us through her battle with sarcoma, how she overcame it and how her quality of life has improved.
Liron Pantanowitz, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Handouts - https://tinyurl.com/wx5l5vx
*Please note there is NO CME associated with this presentation. For educational use only.
Are you a member of the ASC? If not check, out the member benefits and consider joining, https://cytopathology.org/page/MembershipBenefit
The ASC 68th Annual Scientific Meeting will be held November 5-8, 2020, in Orlando, Florida, make plans to attend, https://cytopathology.org/page/AnnualScientificMeeting
#cytopath #cyto
Shreyaskumar R. Patel, MD, provides an overview of the heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas and the common sites for primary tumors and metastases to develop.
More info: http://oncolex.org/Prosedyrer/TREATMENT/Kirurgi/Sarcoma_ExcisionSoftTissueExtremity
Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/facebook_oncoloex
ICGI homepage: http://bit.ly/icgi_homepage
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins.Microtubules comprise the most abundant components of the machinery.
Spindle structure
Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization dynamics drive chromosome congression. Depolymerization of microtubules generates tension at kinetochores; bipolar attachment of sister kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite cell poles couples opposing tension forces, aligning chromosomes at the cell equator and poising them for segregation to daughter cells. Once every chromosome is bi-oriented, anaphase commences and cohesin, which couples sister chromatids, is severed, permitting the transit of the sister chromatids to opposite poles.