In mammals, the female is homogametic, with two X chromosomes (XX), while the male is the heterogametic sex, with one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Genes on the X or Y chromosome are called sex-linked. In ZW sex-determination system used by birds the opposite is true: the male is the homogametic sex (ZZ), and the female is heterogametic (ZW).
X-linked recessive traits are expressed in all heterogametics, but are only expressed in those homogametics that are homozygous for the recessive allele. For example, an X-linked recessive allele in humans causes haemophilia, which is much more common in males than females because they are hemizygous (see zygosity) and therefore express the trait when they inherit one mutant allele. In contrast, a female must inherit two mutant alleles, a less frequent event since the mutant allele is rare in the population.
Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: https://youtu.be/h2xufrHWG3E
-----------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
-------------
*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ...
published: 18 Aug 2023
Sex linked Inheritance
A lesson in genetics on Sex linked inheritance
published: 18 Dec 2016
Biology: Sex Determination and Sex Linkage
published: 16 Feb 2015
Punnett Squares and Sex-Linked Traits (OLD VIDEO)
This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
This video focuses on how to do general Punnett square problems that involve traits on the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). We do want to point out though that when it comes to biological sex- it can be influenced by more than just sex chromosomes X and Y. For example, the SRY gene, plays a major role in human biological sex determination. While this video only focuses on solving sex-linked trait problems in a Punnett square, here are some further reading suggestions to learn about the SRY gene and its role in biological sex.
Further Reading Suggestions: (Updated 201...
published: 24 Jan 2015
Introducing Genetics 7, Sex linkage and haemophilia
Choose one true statement:
a. The Y chromosome is bigger than the X chromosome
b. There are more genes on the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome
c. Sex linked conditions are usually carried on the X chromosome
d. The gene for producing factor VIII is carried on the second autosome
Choose one true statement:
a. The gene for the production of factor VIII is recessive
b. The gene for haemophilia is dominant
c. It is impossible for a man who is phenotypically haemophiliac to pass haemophilia on to his children
d. A female would suffer from haemophilia if they were homozygous for the haemophilia gene
A female who is heterozygous for the haemophilia gene will be:
a. Phenotypically haemophiliac
b. Unable to pass haemophilia on to any of her children
c. A possible carrier of haemophilia
d...
published: 23 May 2019
Genetics 7, Sex linked inheritance and haemophilia
A description of sex linked inheritance, using the classical example f haemophilia.
published: 01 Feb 2016
GENETICS 1: SEX LINKAGE
GENETICS 1: SEX LINKAGE
published: 17 Sep 2012
A2 Biology - Sex linkage
A Level Biology, A2 level. Topic inheritance & Genetics - An explanation of sex-linkage, using the example of the inheritance of haemophilia.
published: 08 May 2020
Public sex Thrilling or terrifying?#PublicSex #ThrillOrFear #RelationshipTalk #IntimacyDebate
Public sex Thrilling or terrifying?
Public sex – is it the ultimate thrill or just plain terrifying? For some, it's an adrenaline rush, while others might find it nerve-wracking. What’s your take? 🤔 Let’s dive into the debate!
Click the link below and check out our digital products & services.
https://kamalifestyles.com/products
Hope you enjoy!
• To stay up to date on dating advice subscribe to the KamaTV channel
• Dating advice and dating training at http://www.kamalifestyles.com
• Find us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kamalif
#SpontaneousLove
#AdventurousCouples
#ForbiddenThrill
#RiskyRomance
#RelationshipGoals
#SexTalk
#WildExperiences
#SpicyTopics
#...
published: 16 Sep 2024
Inheritance of X-Linked Genes
We all know that DNA is the molecule of heredity, but we didn't always know that. It had to be demonstrated empirically. As it happens, some of the first evidence put forth had to do with genes found on the X-chromosome of fruit flies, which allowed us to know with certainty that certain traits must be associated with information on that specific chromosome. Let's see precisely how this was done!
Watch the whole Biology/Genetics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
Biopsychology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiopsych
Microbiology/Infectious Diseases Tutor...
Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.a...
Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: https://youtu.be/h2xufrHWG3E
-----------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
-------------
*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
----------------------------------------
*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*
*More info on Hemophilia: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html
*More about red-green colorblindness & other forms of colorblindness: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11604-color-blindness
*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:
NIH: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender
Yale School of Medicine: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/what-do-we-mean-by-sex-and-gender/
*Footnote about "male" & "female" terminology from NIH at BOTTOM of https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/sex-and-gender-in-health-and-disease
^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.
*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
XXY: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome
XYY: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/
X: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/
----------------------------------------
*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?
From Arizona State University's "Embryo Project Encyclopedia" https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/sex-determination-humans
2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.
*Genetic Risk Factors: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805948
*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:
FDA clearance of Preeclampsia risk assessment assays: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research/thermo-fisher-scientific-gets-fda-clearance-for-preeclampsia-risk-assessment-assays
*Preeclampsia Foundation's Page of Research News: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research-news
3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:
Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:
https://theconversation.com/how-birds-become-male-or-female-and-occasionally-both-112061
Platypus:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0405702101
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. More here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Menu of resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
MUSIC:
Intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. We also have videos using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.
Visit https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: https://youtu.be/h2xufrHWG3E
-----------
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
-------------
*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
----------------------------------------
*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*
*More info on Hemophilia: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html
*More about red-green colorblindness & other forms of colorblindness: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11604-color-blindness
*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:
NIH: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender
Yale School of Medicine: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/what-do-we-mean-by-sex-and-gender/
*Footnote about "male" & "female" terminology from NIH at BOTTOM of https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/sex-and-gender-in-health-and-disease
^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.
*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
XXY: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome
XYY: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/
X: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/
----------------------------------------
*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?
From Arizona State University's "Embryo Project Encyclopedia" https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/sex-determination-humans
2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.
*Genetic Risk Factors: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805948
*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:
FDA clearance of Preeclampsia risk assessment assays: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research/thermo-fisher-scientific-gets-fda-clearance-for-preeclampsia-risk-assessment-assays
*Preeclampsia Foundation's Page of Research News: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research-news
3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:
Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:
https://theconversation.com/how-birds-become-male-or-female-and-occasionally-both-112061
Platypus:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0405702101
-----------------------------------------------
The Amoeba Sisters videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. More here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Menu of resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
MUSIC:
Intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. We also have videos using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.
Visit https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a...
This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
This video focuses on how to do general Punnett square problems that involve traits on the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). We do want to point out though that when it comes to biological sex- it can be influenced by more than just sex chromosomes X and Y. For example, the SRY gene, plays a major role in human biological sex determination. While this video only focuses on solving sex-linked trait problems in a Punnett square, here are some further reading suggestions to learn about the SRY gene and its role in biological sex.
Further Reading Suggestions: (Updated 2018)**********
About SRY Gene from NIH: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY
About SRY and Sex Determination from Harvard: http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/im-xy-know-sex-determination-systems-101/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit: http://www.amoebasisters.com/about-us.html
REFERENCE
We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: https://openstax.org/details/books/biology
***************************************************************
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources:
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Korean Subtitles: Yuna Jung
Hindi Subtitles: Alisha Aggarwal
While we don't allow dubbing of our videos, we do gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
This video focuses on how to do general Punnett square problems that involve traits on the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). We do want to point out though that when it comes to biological sex- it can be influenced by more than just sex chromosomes X and Y. For example, the SRY gene, plays a major role in human biological sex determination. While this video only focuses on solving sex-linked trait problems in a Punnett square, here are some further reading suggestions to learn about the SRY gene and its role in biological sex.
Further Reading Suggestions: (Updated 2018)**********
About SRY Gene from NIH: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY
About SRY and Sex Determination from Harvard: http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/im-xy-know-sex-determination-systems-101/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit: http://www.amoebasisters.com/about-us.html
REFERENCE
We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: https://openstax.org/details/books/biology
***************************************************************
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources:
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Korean Subtitles: Yuna Jung
Hindi Subtitles: Alisha Aggarwal
While we don't allow dubbing of our videos, we do gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
Choose one true statement:
a. The Y chromosome is bigger than the X chromosome
b. There are more genes on the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome
c. Sex l...
Choose one true statement:
a. The Y chromosome is bigger than the X chromosome
b. There are more genes on the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome
c. Sex linked conditions are usually carried on the X chromosome
d. The gene for producing factor VIII is carried on the second autosome
Choose one true statement:
a. The gene for the production of factor VIII is recessive
b. The gene for haemophilia is dominant
c. It is impossible for a man who is phenotypically haemophiliac to pass haemophilia on to his children
d. A female would suffer from haemophilia if they were homozygous for the haemophilia gene
A female who is heterozygous for the haemophilia gene will be:
a. Phenotypically haemophiliac
b. Unable to pass haemophilia on to any of her children
c. A possible carrier of haemophilia
d. Unable to pass the gene on to any female children
Choose one true statement:
a. The Y chromosome is bigger than the X chromosome
b. There are more genes on the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome
c. Sex linked conditions are usually carried on the X chromosome
d. The gene for producing factor VIII is carried on the second autosome
Choose one true statement:
a. The gene for the production of factor VIII is recessive
b. The gene for haemophilia is dominant
c. It is impossible for a man who is phenotypically haemophiliac to pass haemophilia on to his children
d. A female would suffer from haemophilia if they were homozygous for the haemophilia gene
A female who is heterozygous for the haemophilia gene will be:
a. Phenotypically haemophiliac
b. Unable to pass haemophilia on to any of her children
c. A possible carrier of haemophilia
d. Unable to pass the gene on to any female children
Public sex Thrilling or terrifying?
Public sex – is it the ultimate thrill or just plain terrifying? For some, it's an adrenaline rush, while others might fin...
Public sex Thrilling or terrifying?
Public sex – is it the ultimate thrill or just plain terrifying? For some, it's an adrenaline rush, while others might find it nerve-wracking. What’s your take? 🤔 Let’s dive into the debate!
Click the link below and check out our digital products & services.
https://kamalifestyles.com/products
Hope you enjoy!
• To stay up to date on dating advice subscribe to the KamaTV channel
• Dating advice and dating training at http://www.kamalifestyles.com
• Find us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kamalif
#SpontaneousLove
#AdventurousCouples
#ForbiddenThrill
#RiskyRomance
#RelationshipGoals
#SexTalk
#WildExperiences
#SpicyTopics
#SexAndRomance
#RelationshipDebate
#IntimacyGoals
#DatingLife
#ThrillSeekers
#ExcitementInLove
Public sex Thrilling or terrifying?
Public sex – is it the ultimate thrill or just plain terrifying? For some, it's an adrenaline rush, while others might find it nerve-wracking. What’s your take? 🤔 Let’s dive into the debate!
Click the link below and check out our digital products & services.
https://kamalifestyles.com/products
Hope you enjoy!
• To stay up to date on dating advice subscribe to the KamaTV channel
• Dating advice and dating training at http://www.kamalifestyles.com
• Find us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/kamalifestyles
• Follow us on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/kamalif
#SpontaneousLove
#AdventurousCouples
#ForbiddenThrill
#RiskyRomance
#RelationshipGoals
#SexTalk
#WildExperiences
#SpicyTopics
#SexAndRomance
#RelationshipDebate
#IntimacyGoals
#DatingLife
#ThrillSeekers
#ExcitementInLove
We all know that DNA is the molecule of heredity, but we didn't always know that. It had to be demonstrated empirically. As it happens, some of the first eviden...
We all know that DNA is the molecule of heredity, but we didn't always know that. It had to be demonstrated empirically. As it happens, some of the first evidence put forth had to do with genes found on the X-chromosome of fruit flies, which allowed us to know with certainty that certain traits must be associated with information on that specific chromosome. Let's see precisely how this was done!
Watch the whole Biology/Genetics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
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We all know that DNA is the molecule of heredity, but we didn't always know that. It had to be demonstrated empirically. As it happens, some of the first evidence put forth had to do with genes found on the X-chromosome of fruit flies, which allowed us to know with certainty that certain traits must be associated with information on that specific chromosome. Let's see precisely how this was done!
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Explore how to solve Punnett squares that involve sex-linked traits, specifically focusing on X-linked traits. Video has a resource available here https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts This 2023 UPDATED sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video has more detail and improved art from the old 2015 Punnett squares and sex-linked traits Amoeba Sisters video.
OLD VIDEO: https://youtu.be/h2xufrHWG3E
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Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:49 Sex Chromosomes
2:25 Solving Sex Linked Punnett Square Problem
5:40 Five Things to Keep in Mind
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*TEXTBOOK REFERENCES*
Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “12.2 Characteristics and Traits - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits.
Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.
----------------------------------------
*ADDITIONAL DETAIL INFORMATION*
*More info on Hemophilia: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html
*More about red-green colorblindness & other forms of colorblindness: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11604-color-blindness
*Biological sex described by NIH & Yale School of Medicine:
NIH: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender
Yale School of Medicine: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/what-do-we-mean-by-sex-and-gender/
*Footnote about "male" & "female" terminology from NIH at BOTTOM of https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/sex-and-gender-in-health-and-disease
^^Above sources also explain difference of sex & gender.
*This video is about traits on sex chromosomes. In most cases, females have XX chromosomes & males have XY chromosomes BUT as video mentions, this is not always the case.
Examples:
XXY: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome
XYY: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/
X: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome
Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene:
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/
----------------------------------------
*FURTHER EXPLORATION*
1. How did X and Y sex chromosomes get their names?
From Arizona State University's "Embryo Project Encyclopedia" https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/sex-determination-humans
2. Preeclampsia was mentioned as an example that many disorders may have a genetic component yet are NOT single gene traits (and thus can't be easily worked on a Punnett square). In addition, many disorders may involve autosomes and other external factors. As mentioned, the cause of preeclampsia is currently not well understood though gene involvement is being studied.
*Genetic Risk Factors: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2805948
*Recent News regarding Preeclampsia:
FDA clearance of Preeclampsia risk assessment assays: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research/thermo-fisher-scientific-gets-fda-clearance-for-preeclampsia-risk-assessment-assays
*Preeclampsia Foundation's Page of Research News: https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research-news
3. Sex chromosomes in other animals can vary & may not be able to be worked in same type of Punnett square:
Sex chromosomes in birds? Written by a professor of genetics:
https://theconversation.com/how-birds-become-male-or-female-and-occasionally-both-112061
Platypus:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0405702101
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This video has been updated! Visit: https://youtu.be/dN9SZHO6Wjg Explore inheritance when carried on the X chromosome with the Amoeba Sisters! This video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
This video focuses on how to do general Punnett square problems that involve traits on the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). We do want to point out though that when it comes to biological sex- it can be influenced by more than just sex chromosomes X and Y. For example, the SRY gene, plays a major role in human biological sex determination. While this video only focuses on solving sex-linked trait problems in a Punnett square, here are some further reading suggestions to learn about the SRY gene and its role in biological sex.
Further Reading Suggestions: (Updated 2018)**********
About SRY Gene from NIH: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY
About SRY and Sex Determination from Harvard: http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/im-xy-know-sex-determination-systems-101/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit: http://www.amoebasisters.com/about-us.html
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Choose one true statement:
a. The Y chromosome is bigger than the X chromosome
b. There are more genes on the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome
c. Sex linked conditions are usually carried on the X chromosome
d. The gene for producing factor VIII is carried on the second autosome
Choose one true statement:
a. The gene for the production of factor VIII is recessive
b. The gene for haemophilia is dominant
c. It is impossible for a man who is phenotypically haemophiliac to pass haemophilia on to his children
d. A female would suffer from haemophilia if they were homozygous for the haemophilia gene
A female who is heterozygous for the haemophilia gene will be:
a. Phenotypically haemophiliac
b. Unable to pass haemophilia on to any of her children
c. A possible carrier of haemophilia
d. Unable to pass the gene on to any female children
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We all know that DNA is the molecule of heredity, but we didn't always know that. It had to be demonstrated empirically. As it happens, some of the first evidence put forth had to do with genes found on the X-chromosome of fruit flies, which allowed us to know with certainty that certain traits must be associated with information on that specific chromosome. Let's see precisely how this was done!
Watch the whole Biology/Genetics playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys
Biopsychology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiopsych
Microbiology/Infectious Diseases Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMicrobio
Pharmacology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePharma
History of Drugs Videos: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveHistoryDrugs
EMAIL► [email protected]
PATREON► http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
In mammals, the female is homogametic, with two X chromosomes (XX), while the male is the heterogametic sex, with one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Genes on the X or Y chromosome are called sex-linked. In ZW sex-determination system used by birds the opposite is true: the male is the homogametic sex (ZZ), and the female is heterogametic (ZW).
X-linked recessive traits are expressed in all heterogametics, but are only expressed in those homogametics that are homozygous for the recessive allele. For example, an X-linked recessive allele in humans causes haemophilia, which is much more common in males than females because they are hemizygous (see zygosity) and therefore express the trait when they inherit one mutant allele. In contrast, a female must inherit two mutant alleles, a less frequent event since the mutant allele is rare in the population.