In air traffic control, separation is the name for the concept of keeping an aircraft outside a minimum distance from another aircraft to reduce the risk of those aircraft colliding, as well as prevent accidents due to wake turbulence.
Air traffic controllers apply rules, known as separation minima to do this. Pairs of aircraft to which these rules have been successfully applied are said to be separated: the risk of these aircraft colliding is therefore remote. If separation is lost between two aircraft, they are said to be in a conflict.
When an aircraft passes behind or follows another aircraft, wake turbulence minima are applied due to the effect of the wingtip vortices of the preceding aircraft on the following aircraft. These minima vary depending on the relative size of the two aircraft. This is particularly acute on final approach with a smaller aircraft following larger aircraft.
Which aircraft need separating?
It is a common misconception that air traffic controllers keep all aircraft separated. Whether aircraft actually need separating depends upon the class of airspace in which the aircraft are flying, and the flight rules under which the pilot is operating the aircraft. As stated by the U.S. FAA, The pilot has the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate separations and positioning of the aircraft in the terminal area to avoid the wake turbulence created by a preceding aircraft.
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots. In some countries, ATC plays a security or defensive role, or is operated by the military.
To prevent collisions, ATC enforces traffic separation rules, which ensure each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of empty space around it at all times. Many aircraft also have collision avoidance systems, which provide additional safety by warning pilots when other aircraft get too close.
In many countries, ATC provides services to all private, military, and commercial aircraft operating within its airspace. Depending on the type of flight and the class of airspace, ATC may issue instructions that pilots are required to obey, or advisories (known as flight information in some countries) that pilots may, at their discretion, disregard. The pilot in command is the final authority for the safe operation of the aircraft and may, in an emergency, deviate from ATC instructions to the extent required to maintain safe operation of their aircraft.
The original meaning of this character was like NOP—when sent to a printer or a terminal, it does nothing (some terminals, however, incorrectly display it as space). When electromechanical teleprinters were used as computer output devices, one or more null characters were sent at the end of each printed line to allow time for the mechanism to return to the first printing position on the next line. On punched tape, the character is represented with no holes at all, so a new unpunched tape is initially filled with null characters, and often text could be "inserted" at a reserved space of null characters by punching the new characters into the tape over the nulls.
Today the character has much more significance in C and its derivatives and in many data formats, where it serves as a reserved character used to signify the end of a string, often called a null-terminated string. This allows the string to be any length with only the overhead of one byte; the alternative of storing a count requires either a string length limit of 255 or an overhead of more than one byte (there are other advantages/disadvantages described under null-terminated string).
"Control" is the second North American single released from alternative rock band Garbage's fifth studio album, Not Your Kind of People, and was sent to radio stations across United States in October 2012. The band mastered a radio version of the song for airplay featuring a third chorus in place of the breakdown that marks the album version of the song. Garbage later pressed a limited edition 7" vinyl single for "Control" and released it through their website. It was backed with a remix of the lead single "Blood for Poppies".
"Control" is about giving up any control in your life, surrendering yourself to whatever is going on," explained Shirley Manson, "...and committing yourself to it in that moment." The band were inspired by the song "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin and used it as a reference point to bring guitars into the mix and seeing how far they could push their sound and channel the groove. "Control" features a harmonica part performed by Butch Vig.
Metro Station is the eponymously titled debut length album by pop band Metro Station. The album was released on September 18, 2007 under Columbia/Red Ink.
Four singles were released from the album; "Shake It" and "Seventeen Forever" charted on the Billboard Hot 100. The album debuted at #189 on the U.S. Billboard 200, but reached a peak of #39 in June 2008. The single "Shake It" was certified Platinum in 2008. Since its release, Metro Station has sold approximately 400,000 copies in the United States.
The album was released in the UK on March 30, 2009. The version of the album released in the UK contains 2 exclusive bonus tracks including a brand new track, "After the Fall". The first UK single, "Shake It", was released a week before, on March 23, 2009.
The Arsenal Air 100 is a French single seat competition sailplane produced in the 1940s. It sold in small numbers but set several records, still holding the world absolute solo glider endurance record of 56 h 15 m.
Design and development
The successful GermanJacobs Weihe sailplane of 1938 strongly influenced several wartime and postwar designs such as the ItalianCVV-6 Canguro and the BritishSlingsby Gull 4 and Sky. The Arsenal 100 was also Weihe based, with the intention of improving on that design. Work began before the war within a small design group named the Groupe de l'Air, led by Raymond Jarlaud.
The wings of the two aircraft are similar in design and construction. Both have spans of 18.0m (59ft1in) and are straight tapered with rounded wing tips, although the Air's taper ratio (wing rootchord to tip chord) is higher, resulting a slightly greater aspect ratio. Some later Air 100s have squared-off tips terminated in streamlined "salmons". Both wings use the Göttingen 549 airfoil inboard of the tips, though the Air's roots have a thickened version. They are wooden single spar structures, plywood covered ahead of the spar and fabric covered behind. The Air 100 has slotted ailerons to improve roll rates and, inboard, has Schempp-Hirth parallel-rule airbrakes mounted immediately aft of the main spar; the Weihe's DFS style brakes had never been very effective, largely because their design placed them further aft on the wing where space did not allow them to open fully.
Air26 - Linhas Aéreas, S.A. was an airline based in Luanda, Angola. Founded in 2006, it operates domestic passenger and cargo flights out of the city's Quatro de Fevereiro Airport. Along with all other Angolan airlines except for TAAG, Air 26 is banned from operating within the European Union. In 2010, the company had its licence revoked, but it was re-issued on 31 January 2011.
Fleet
As of February 2013, the Air 26 fleet consists of the following aircraft:
National authorities lay down vertical and horizontal separation standards to facilitate the safe navigation of aircraft in controlled airspace based on the provisions of ICAO Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Traffic Management).
published: 16 May 2022
CATS ATPL Air Law - Separation
published: 15 Jul 2020
LOSS OF SEPARATION as Five Planes Converge Over Spain
GET EARLY ACCESS TO VIDEOS ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/airtrafficvisualised
September 3, 2022. In the busy airspace over Madrid, five overflying aircraft converge at the same flight level. As air traffic controllers attempt to prevent a loss of separation, the situation quickly unravels. Watch as the pilots and air traffic control coordinate to maintain adequate separation.
Flight Number: BA493 / BAW493
Operator: British Airways
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ London Heathrow Airport (LHR / EGLL)
Registration: G-EUUE
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: BJ6131 / LBT6131
Operator: Nouvelair
Route: Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (Porto) (OPO / LPPR) ❯ Djerba Zarzis Airport (DJE / DTTJ)
Registration: TS-INO
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: RK1365 / RUK44FZ
Operator: Ryanair UK
Rou...
published: 07 Sep 2022
Methods of Separation
published: 03 Mar 2019
Basics of Vertical Separation in Aviation
This video explains thee basic principles of Vertical Separation for an IFR flight
published: 15 Sep 2021
Air Traffic Controller Using Visual Separation
When a center controller tries to use visual separation
published: 15 Oct 2016
ATC separation
Separation between departing and arriving aircraft 🛫🛬
published: 14 May 2019
Austin, TX Loss of Separation 4 Feb 2023
A VERY Close Call in foggy conditions!
LINKS:
Flightradar24: https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/ntsb-faa-investigating-fedex-southwest-close-call-in-austin/
Aviation Herald: https://avherald.com/h?article=504bc65b&opt=0
ATC Audio: Twitter https://twitter.com/winglets747/status/1622054756666540033
PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=5295000&fan_landing=true
Learning The Finer Points -10% OFF! https://www.learnthefinerpoints.com/ground-school/p/blancolirio
Theme: "Weightless" Aram Bedrosian
https://www.arambedrosian.com
published: 05 Feb 2023
Separation Fixation
In October 2011, a Jetstar crew is arriving into Brisbane and are being squeezed between the localizer and a storm cell as approach control juggles aircraft and diversions.
You can read the Australian Transport Safety Board bulletin here: https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/3906324/ab2012044.pdf#page=10
Follow me on Twitter @AirTrafficVis!
----------
Background map from OpenStreetMap and styled in Maperitive.
Thanks to FreeVectorMaps.com for the map of Oceania.
Additional thanks to these members of freesound.org for providing their sounds under a CC-BY license:
https://freesound.org/people/833-45/sounds/9413/
https://freesound.org/people/[email protected]/sounds/170522/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/81103/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/74242/
https://freesound.or...
published: 19 Mar 2017
Radar replay of DCA air traffic separation incident
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said miscommunication led to an incident on July 31, 2012 near Washington-Reagan National Airport (DCA) involing three regional jet aircraft.
DCA had been landing and departing aircraft on runway 1, from the south to the north. Due to the bad weather developing, the Potomac TRACON was reversing operations at the airport to land and depart aircraft from the north to the south on runway 19.
During the switchover of operations, there was a miscommunication between a manager at the TRACON and two traffic management coordinators at the DCA tower. FAA safety officials are investigating why the miscommunication occurred.
The miscommunication led to a loss of the required separation between two regional jets (Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic A...
National authorities lay down vertical and horizontal separation standards to facilitate the safe navigation of aircraft in controlled airspace based on the pro...
National authorities lay down vertical and horizontal separation standards to facilitate the safe navigation of aircraft in controlled airspace based on the provisions of ICAO Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Traffic Management).
National authorities lay down vertical and horizontal separation standards to facilitate the safe navigation of aircraft in controlled airspace based on the provisions of ICAO Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Traffic Management).
GET EARLY ACCESS TO VIDEOS ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/airtrafficvisualised
September 3, 2022. In the busy airspace over Madrid, five overflying aircra...
GET EARLY ACCESS TO VIDEOS ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/airtrafficvisualised
September 3, 2022. In the busy airspace over Madrid, five overflying aircraft converge at the same flight level. As air traffic controllers attempt to prevent a loss of separation, the situation quickly unravels. Watch as the pilots and air traffic control coordinate to maintain adequate separation.
Flight Number: BA493 / BAW493
Operator: British Airways
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ London Heathrow Airport (LHR / EGLL)
Registration: G-EUUE
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: BJ6131 / LBT6131
Operator: Nouvelair
Route: Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (Porto) (OPO / LPPR) ❯ Djerba Zarzis Airport (DJE / DTTJ)
Registration: TS-INO
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: RK1365 / RUK44FZ
Operator: Ryanair UK
Route: Rabat–Salé Airport (RBA / GMME) ❯ London Stanstead Airport (STN / EGSS)
Registration: G-RUKB
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: FR656 / RYR2BE
Operator: Ryanair
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ Glasgow Prestwick Airport (PIK / EGPK)
Registration: EI-ENA
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: VY8829 / VLG1QN
Operator: Vueling Airlines
Route: Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG / LFPG) ❯ Seville Airport (SVQ / LEZL)
Registration: EC-JTR
Type: Airbus A320
----------
Music featured on the channel is available on Bandcamp: https://airtrafficvisualised.bandcamp.com/
----------
0:00 Five Way Conflict
0:24 The Aircraft Involved
1:30 The Conflicts
#LossOfSeparation #AirTrafficVisualised
----------
Content Attribution – The following are licensed under CC BY:
G-EUUE by Markus Eigenheer.
TS-INO by Gerard van der Schaaf.
G-RUKB by Steve Knight.
EI-ENA by Alan Wilson.
EC-JTR by Björn.
GET EARLY ACCESS TO VIDEOS ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/airtrafficvisualised
September 3, 2022. In the busy airspace over Madrid, five overflying aircraft converge at the same flight level. As air traffic controllers attempt to prevent a loss of separation, the situation quickly unravels. Watch as the pilots and air traffic control coordinate to maintain adequate separation.
Flight Number: BA493 / BAW493
Operator: British Airways
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ London Heathrow Airport (LHR / EGLL)
Registration: G-EUUE
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: BJ6131 / LBT6131
Operator: Nouvelair
Route: Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (Porto) (OPO / LPPR) ❯ Djerba Zarzis Airport (DJE / DTTJ)
Registration: TS-INO
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: RK1365 / RUK44FZ
Operator: Ryanair UK
Route: Rabat–Salé Airport (RBA / GMME) ❯ London Stanstead Airport (STN / EGSS)
Registration: G-RUKB
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: FR656 / RYR2BE
Operator: Ryanair
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ Glasgow Prestwick Airport (PIK / EGPK)
Registration: EI-ENA
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: VY8829 / VLG1QN
Operator: Vueling Airlines
Route: Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG / LFPG) ❯ Seville Airport (SVQ / LEZL)
Registration: EC-JTR
Type: Airbus A320
----------
Music featured on the channel is available on Bandcamp: https://airtrafficvisualised.bandcamp.com/
----------
0:00 Five Way Conflict
0:24 The Aircraft Involved
1:30 The Conflicts
#LossOfSeparation #AirTrafficVisualised
----------
Content Attribution – The following are licensed under CC BY:
G-EUUE by Markus Eigenheer.
TS-INO by Gerard van der Schaaf.
G-RUKB by Steve Knight.
EI-ENA by Alan Wilson.
EC-JTR by Björn.
A VERY Close Call in foggy conditions!
LINKS:
Flightradar24: https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/ntsb-faa-investigating-fedex-southwest-close-call-in-austin/
Avi...
A VERY Close Call in foggy conditions!
LINKS:
Flightradar24: https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/ntsb-faa-investigating-fedex-southwest-close-call-in-austin/
Aviation Herald: https://avherald.com/h?article=504bc65b&opt=0
ATC Audio: Twitter https://twitter.com/winglets747/status/1622054756666540033
PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=5295000&fan_landing=true
Learning The Finer Points -10% OFF! https://www.learnthefinerpoints.com/ground-school/p/blancolirio
Theme: "Weightless" Aram Bedrosian
https://www.arambedrosian.com
In October 2011, a Jetstar crew is arriving into Brisbane and are being squeezed between the localizer and a storm cell as approach control juggles aircraft and...
In October 2011, a Jetstar crew is arriving into Brisbane and are being squeezed between the localizer and a storm cell as approach control juggles aircraft and diversions.
You can read the Australian Transport Safety Board bulletin here: https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/3906324/ab2012044.pdf#page=10
Follow me on Twitter @AirTrafficVis!
----------
Background map from OpenStreetMap and styled in Maperitive.
Thanks to FreeVectorMaps.com for the map of Oceania.
Additional thanks to these members of freesound.org for providing their sounds under a CC-BY license:
https://freesound.org/people/833-45/sounds/9413/
https://freesound.org/people/[email protected]/sounds/170522/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/81103/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/74242/
https://freesound.org/people/BMacZero/sounds/94127/
https://freesound.org/people/cdrk/sounds/264598/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/91516/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/199264/
https://freesound.org/people/digifishmusic/sounds/54965/
https://freesound.org/people/ERH/sounds/34418/
https://freesound.org/people/FenrirFangs/sounds/231687/
https://freesound.org/people/FreqMan/sounds/25073/
https://freesound.org/people/hantorio/sounds/121946/
https://freesound.org/people/JarredGibb/sounds/219031/
https://freesound.org/people/kangaroovindaloo/sounds/205966/
https://freesound.org/people/Kinoton/sounds/351257/
https://freesound.org/people/lennyboy/sounds/244053/
https://freesound.org/people/Metzik/sounds/376769/
https://freesound.org/people/Minecast_/sounds/167683/
https://freesound.org/people/plingativator/sounds/112155/
https://freesound.org/people/Qat/sounds/107589/
https://freesound.org/people/qubodup/sounds/211639/
https://freesound.org/people/RADIY/sounds/262686/
https://freesound.org/people/RHumphries/sounds/2525/
https://freesound.org/people/StevenBrown/sounds/128430/
https://freesound.org/people/Streety/sounds/30248/
https://freesound.org/people/suonho/sounds/4009/
https://freesound.org/people/swiftoid/sounds/117611/
https://freesound.org/people/Tiger_v15/sounds/243752/
https://freesound.org/people/YOH/sounds/169375/
In October 2011, a Jetstar crew is arriving into Brisbane and are being squeezed between the localizer and a storm cell as approach control juggles aircraft and diversions.
You can read the Australian Transport Safety Board bulletin here: https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/3906324/ab2012044.pdf#page=10
Follow me on Twitter @AirTrafficVis!
----------
Background map from OpenStreetMap and styled in Maperitive.
Thanks to FreeVectorMaps.com for the map of Oceania.
Additional thanks to these members of freesound.org for providing their sounds under a CC-BY license:
https://freesound.org/people/833-45/sounds/9413/
https://freesound.org/people/[email protected]/sounds/170522/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/81103/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/74242/
https://freesound.org/people/BMacZero/sounds/94127/
https://freesound.org/people/cdrk/sounds/264598/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/91516/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/199264/
https://freesound.org/people/digifishmusic/sounds/54965/
https://freesound.org/people/ERH/sounds/34418/
https://freesound.org/people/FenrirFangs/sounds/231687/
https://freesound.org/people/FreqMan/sounds/25073/
https://freesound.org/people/hantorio/sounds/121946/
https://freesound.org/people/JarredGibb/sounds/219031/
https://freesound.org/people/kangaroovindaloo/sounds/205966/
https://freesound.org/people/Kinoton/sounds/351257/
https://freesound.org/people/lennyboy/sounds/244053/
https://freesound.org/people/Metzik/sounds/376769/
https://freesound.org/people/Minecast_/sounds/167683/
https://freesound.org/people/plingativator/sounds/112155/
https://freesound.org/people/Qat/sounds/107589/
https://freesound.org/people/qubodup/sounds/211639/
https://freesound.org/people/RADIY/sounds/262686/
https://freesound.org/people/RHumphries/sounds/2525/
https://freesound.org/people/StevenBrown/sounds/128430/
https://freesound.org/people/Streety/sounds/30248/
https://freesound.org/people/suonho/sounds/4009/
https://freesound.org/people/swiftoid/sounds/117611/
https://freesound.org/people/Tiger_v15/sounds/243752/
https://freesound.org/people/YOH/sounds/169375/
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said miscommunication led to an incident on July 31, 2012 near Washington-Reagan National Airport (DCA) involing three...
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said miscommunication led to an incident on July 31, 2012 near Washington-Reagan National Airport (DCA) involing three regional jet aircraft.
DCA had been landing and departing aircraft on runway 1, from the south to the north. Due to the bad weather developing, the Potomac TRACON was reversing operations at the airport to land and depart aircraft from the north to the south on runway 19.
During the switchover of operations, there was a miscommunication between a manager at the TRACON and two traffic management coordinators at the DCA tower. FAA safety officials are investigating why the miscommunication occurred.
The miscommunication led to a loss of the required separation between two regional jets (Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3467) departing from runway 1 and a regional jet (Republic Airlines 3329) inbound for runway 19.
An air traffic controller at DCA tower immediately realized that a loss of separation was occurring and acted quickly to correct the situation. The loss of separation should not have occurred. However, at no point were the three aircraft on a head to head course.
Both departing aircraft were cleared for takeoff while Republic Airlines 3329 was inbound. At the closest proximity, Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3329 were separated by .82 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) as Chautauqua Airlines 3071 continued its climb. The closest proximity of the two Republic Airlines aircraft was 2.07 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) -- both aircraft were moving away from each other.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said miscommunication led to an incident on July 31, 2012 near Washington-Reagan National Airport (DCA) involing three regional jet aircraft.
DCA had been landing and departing aircraft on runway 1, from the south to the north. Due to the bad weather developing, the Potomac TRACON was reversing operations at the airport to land and depart aircraft from the north to the south on runway 19.
During the switchover of operations, there was a miscommunication between a manager at the TRACON and two traffic management coordinators at the DCA tower. FAA safety officials are investigating why the miscommunication occurred.
The miscommunication led to a loss of the required separation between two regional jets (Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3467) departing from runway 1 and a regional jet (Republic Airlines 3329) inbound for runway 19.
An air traffic controller at DCA tower immediately realized that a loss of separation was occurring and acted quickly to correct the situation. The loss of separation should not have occurred. However, at no point were the three aircraft on a head to head course.
Both departing aircraft were cleared for takeoff while Republic Airlines 3329 was inbound. At the closest proximity, Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3329 were separated by .82 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) as Chautauqua Airlines 3071 continued its climb. The closest proximity of the two Republic Airlines aircraft was 2.07 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) -- both aircraft were moving away from each other.
National authorities lay down vertical and horizontal separation standards to facilitate the safe navigation of aircraft in controlled airspace based on the provisions of ICAO Doc 4444 (Procedures for Air Traffic Management).
GET EARLY ACCESS TO VIDEOS ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/airtrafficvisualised
September 3, 2022. In the busy airspace over Madrid, five overflying aircraft converge at the same flight level. As air traffic controllers attempt to prevent a loss of separation, the situation quickly unravels. Watch as the pilots and air traffic control coordinate to maintain adequate separation.
Flight Number: BA493 / BAW493
Operator: British Airways
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ London Heathrow Airport (LHR / EGLL)
Registration: G-EUUE
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: BJ6131 / LBT6131
Operator: Nouvelair
Route: Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (Porto) (OPO / LPPR) ❯ Djerba Zarzis Airport (DJE / DTTJ)
Registration: TS-INO
Type: Airbus A320
Flight Number: RK1365 / RUK44FZ
Operator: Ryanair UK
Route: Rabat–Salé Airport (RBA / GMME) ❯ London Stanstead Airport (STN / EGSS)
Registration: G-RUKB
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: FR656 / RYR2BE
Operator: Ryanair
Route: Malaga Airport (AGP / LEMG) ❯ Glasgow Prestwick Airport (PIK / EGPK)
Registration: EI-ENA
Type: Boeing 737-800
Flight Number: VY8829 / VLG1QN
Operator: Vueling Airlines
Route: Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG / LFPG) ❯ Seville Airport (SVQ / LEZL)
Registration: EC-JTR
Type: Airbus A320
----------
Music featured on the channel is available on Bandcamp: https://airtrafficvisualised.bandcamp.com/
----------
0:00 Five Way Conflict
0:24 The Aircraft Involved
1:30 The Conflicts
#LossOfSeparation #AirTrafficVisualised
----------
Content Attribution – The following are licensed under CC BY:
G-EUUE by Markus Eigenheer.
TS-INO by Gerard van der Schaaf.
G-RUKB by Steve Knight.
EI-ENA by Alan Wilson.
EC-JTR by Björn.
In October 2011, a Jetstar crew is arriving into Brisbane and are being squeezed between the localizer and a storm cell as approach control juggles aircraft and diversions.
You can read the Australian Transport Safety Board bulletin here: https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/3906324/ab2012044.pdf#page=10
Follow me on Twitter @AirTrafficVis!
----------
Background map from OpenStreetMap and styled in Maperitive.
Thanks to FreeVectorMaps.com for the map of Oceania.
Additional thanks to these members of freesound.org for providing their sounds under a CC-BY license:
https://freesound.org/people/833-45/sounds/9413/
https://freesound.org/people/[email protected]/sounds/170522/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/81103/
https://freesound.org/people/Benboncan/sounds/74242/
https://freesound.org/people/BMacZero/sounds/94127/
https://freesound.org/people/cdrk/sounds/264598/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/91516/
https://freesound.org/people/Corsica_S/sounds/199264/
https://freesound.org/people/digifishmusic/sounds/54965/
https://freesound.org/people/ERH/sounds/34418/
https://freesound.org/people/FenrirFangs/sounds/231687/
https://freesound.org/people/FreqMan/sounds/25073/
https://freesound.org/people/hantorio/sounds/121946/
https://freesound.org/people/JarredGibb/sounds/219031/
https://freesound.org/people/kangaroovindaloo/sounds/205966/
https://freesound.org/people/Kinoton/sounds/351257/
https://freesound.org/people/lennyboy/sounds/244053/
https://freesound.org/people/Metzik/sounds/376769/
https://freesound.org/people/Minecast_/sounds/167683/
https://freesound.org/people/plingativator/sounds/112155/
https://freesound.org/people/Qat/sounds/107589/
https://freesound.org/people/qubodup/sounds/211639/
https://freesound.org/people/RADIY/sounds/262686/
https://freesound.org/people/RHumphries/sounds/2525/
https://freesound.org/people/StevenBrown/sounds/128430/
https://freesound.org/people/Streety/sounds/30248/
https://freesound.org/people/suonho/sounds/4009/
https://freesound.org/people/swiftoid/sounds/117611/
https://freesound.org/people/Tiger_v15/sounds/243752/
https://freesound.org/people/YOH/sounds/169375/
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said miscommunication led to an incident on July 31, 2012 near Washington-Reagan National Airport (DCA) involing three regional jet aircraft.
DCA had been landing and departing aircraft on runway 1, from the south to the north. Due to the bad weather developing, the Potomac TRACON was reversing operations at the airport to land and depart aircraft from the north to the south on runway 19.
During the switchover of operations, there was a miscommunication between a manager at the TRACON and two traffic management coordinators at the DCA tower. FAA safety officials are investigating why the miscommunication occurred.
The miscommunication led to a loss of the required separation between two regional jets (Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3467) departing from runway 1 and a regional jet (Republic Airlines 3329) inbound for runway 19.
An air traffic controller at DCA tower immediately realized that a loss of separation was occurring and acted quickly to correct the situation. The loss of separation should not have occurred. However, at no point were the three aircraft on a head to head course.
Both departing aircraft were cleared for takeoff while Republic Airlines 3329 was inbound. At the closest proximity, Chautauqua Airlines 3071 and Republic Airlines 3329 were separated by .82 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) as Chautauqua Airlines 3071 continued its climb. The closest proximity of the two Republic Airlines aircraft was 2.07 nautical miles (lateral) and 800 feet (vertical) -- both aircraft were moving away from each other.
In air traffic control, separation is the name for the concept of keeping an aircraft outside a minimum distance from another aircraft to reduce the risk of those aircraft colliding, as well as prevent accidents due to wake turbulence.
Air traffic controllers apply rules, known as separation minima to do this. Pairs of aircraft to which these rules have been successfully applied are said to be separated: the risk of these aircraft colliding is therefore remote. If separation is lost between two aircraft, they are said to be in a conflict.
When an aircraft passes behind or follows another aircraft, wake turbulence minima are applied due to the effect of the wingtip vortices of the preceding aircraft on the following aircraft. These minima vary depending on the relative size of the two aircraft. This is particularly acute on final approach with a smaller aircraft following larger aircraft.
Which aircraft need separating?
It is a common misconception that air traffic controllers keep all aircraft separated. Whether aircraft actually need separating depends upon the class of airspace in which the aircraft are flying, and the flight rules under which the pilot is operating the aircraft. As stated by the U.S. FAA, The pilot has the ultimate responsibility for ensuring appropriate separations and positioning of the aircraft in the terminal area to avoid the wake turbulence created by a preceding aircraft.
This includes facial recognition boarding, AI-powered gate systems, and air traffic technology to reduce the chance of near misses ...It's separate from the federally run air traffic control tower that guides aircraft to and from runways.
The Cessna was not in contact with the Austin approach controller, operating under VFR... “Air traffic control issued corrective instructions to the American aircraft and the Cirrus SF50 ... The controller ...
... from the Brazilian investigation and the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) he believes the fault lies 'fundamentally' with air traffic control's failures to keep the two planes separated.
“There was no loss of safe separation,” the Federal Aviation Administration, which is responsible for air traffic control, said in a statement ... telling air traffic controllers in Oakland.
In a statement, the FAA – which is responsible for controlling air traffic – said “there was no loss of safe separation.” Audio from LiveATC.net captured the pilots declaring a medical emergency, ...
Citing the FAA's Air TrafficControl manual, the judges said visual separation "is achieved when the controller has instructed the pilot to maintain visual separation and the pilot acknowledges with ...
In response to the recent incident, the AAI reissued a circular on Monday instructing air traffic controllers to strictly adhere to the standard operating procedures (SOP) on maintaining separation ...
... due to aircraft idling on the airfield and increased frequency of alternative headings by the air traffic control tower in an effort to reduce delays and increase aircraft separation," she said.
Another measure is the number of times pilots broadcast an emergency call to air traffic controllers ... A panel of experts reported in November that a shortage of air traffic controllers, outdated ...
John Tucker, who was the air traffic controller that morning, told the Coroners Court there was sufficient separation between the two planes in the lead up to the collision. Air traffic controller John...
When a FedEx cargo plane landing last year in Austin, Texas, flew close over the top of a departing Southwest Airlines jet, it turned out that an air traffic controller had cleared both planes to use the same runway.SEPARATING SERIOUS FROM ROUTINE.
Another measure is the number of times pilots broadcast an emergency call to air traffic controllers ... A panel of experts reported in November that a shortage of air traffic controllers, outdated ...
Another measure is the number of times pilots broadcast an emergency call to air traffic controllers ... A panel of experts reported in November that a shortage of air traffic controllers, outdated ...
Fox31 Denver
24 Mar 2024
Fox31 Denver
24 Mar 2024