- published: 29 Jan 2025
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The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908.
The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several vilayets, each ruled by a Sanjakbey or Subasi accountable to the Beylerbey. Significant parts of the conquered land were parcelled out to the Sultan's followers, who held it as benefices or fiefs (small timars, medium ziyamet and large hases) directly from him, or from the Beylerbeys. This category of land could not be sold or inherited, but reverted to the Sultan when the fiefholder died. The lands were organised as private possessions of the Sultan or Ottoman nobility, called "mülk", and also as an economic base for religious foundations, called vakιf, as well as other people. Bulgarians regularly paid multiple types of taxes, including a tithe ("yushur"), a capitation tax (jizyah), a land tax ("ispench"), a levy on commerce, and also various irregularly collected taxes, products and corvees ("avariz").
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.750°N 25.500°E / 42.750; 25.500
Bulgaria (i/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/, /bʊlˈ-/; Bulgarian: България, tr. Bǎlgarija, IPA: [bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Република България, tr. Republika Bǎlgarija), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.
Organised prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history saw the presence of the Thracians and later the Persians,Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian state dates back to the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 AD, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavs during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries. The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) led to the formation of the Third Bulgarian State. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 it became a one-party socialist state as part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. In December 1989 the ruling Communist Party allowed multi-party elections, which subsequently led to Bulgaria's transition into a democracy and a market-based economy.
In European elections, Bulgaria is a constituency of the European Parliament, represented by seventeen MEPs. It covers the member state of Bulgaria.
As of January 2015
The 2007 European election was Bulgaria's first since joining the European Union on 2007-01-01 and was held on 2007-05-20.
The top two parties scored 5 seats each; Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria and Bulgarian Socialist Party, followed by the Movement for Rights and Freedoms with four, Ataka with three, and National Movement Simeon II (NDSV) with one. It was considered likely that the result of the election would cause a major political crisis in Bulgaria, due to the expected weak results of the National Movement.
Bulgaria (Russian: Булга́рия, tr. Bulgariya) was a class 785/OL800 Russian river cruise ship (built in Komárno, Czechoslovakia) which operated in the Volga-Don basin. On 10 July 2011, Bulgaria sank in the Kuybyshev Reservoir of the Volga River near Syukeyevo, Kamsko-Ustyinsky District, Tatarstan, Russia, with 201 passengers and crew aboard when sailing from the town of Bolgar to the regional capital, Kazan. The catastrophe led to 122 confirmed deaths (bodies recovered and identified).
The sinking of Bulgaria is the largest Russian ship disaster since 1986 when the SS Admiral Nakhimov crashed into a cargo ship and 423 people died.
Bulgaria was built at Slovak shipyard in Komárno, Czechoslovakia, in 1955 as Ukraina, and was renamed in February 2010 to Bulgaria after the Volga Bulgaria. Her length was 80.2 metres (263 ft), her beam was 12.5 metres (41 ft), her draft was 1.9 metres (6.2 ft), and her power output was 273 kilowatts (366 hp). She had two engines and two decks. Her cruising speed was 20.5 kilometres per hour (12.7 mph; 11.1 kn), and her original passenger capacity was 233 (then reduced after overhaul).
I've finally moved into my new apartment in Sofia and I'm so excited to take you through the process of making it a proper home! Sofia is the most expensive place to live in Bulgaria, so before choosing to move here, make sure you look into how much your ideal set up would cost. Hope you find this video helpful! Support my journey on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/alinamcleod Paypal Account: [email protected] My Google Map Travel Guides (more coming soon!): https://www.alinamcleod.com/travel-guides The Travel Medical Insurance I Use And Recommend: SafetyWing: https://safetywing.com/nomad-insurance/?referenceID=alinamcleod&campaign=bali-digital-nomad&utm_campaign=bali-digital-nomad&utm_source=alinamcleod&utm_medium=Ambassador My AMAZING Business/Tax Consultant that helped me with ...
BULGARIA IN 2025: The Weirdest Country In The Balkans | 60 Bizarre Facts ☕ Love what we do? Keep us fueled for the next adventure! If you enjoy our videos and want to support the channel, consider buying us a coffee, it helps us create even more amazing content! 👉 https://buymeacoffee.com/europeindetail 🚀🌍 Thank you!! 🔔 Subscribe now with all notifications on for more in-depth European travel guides, hidden gems in Europe, and insightful European culture explorations! #bulgaria #sofia #countryfacts #balkans 📺 Watch the entire video for more information! _________________________________________________________________ About Europe In Detail 🎥 Videos about detailed European travel, unexplored European gems, and rich European cultural insights. 🎨 Written, voiced and produced by Europ...
Discover Bulgaria, a hidden European gem, where ancient history and natural wonders converge. Explore our guide to the best places in Bulgaria, from vibrant cities to tranquil mountains, each offering a unique glimpse into this enchanting country's soul. Chapters: 00:00 Why visiting Bulgaria 00:18 Sofia 01:24 Plovdiv 02:32 Varna 03:30 Bansko 04:29 Veliko Tarnovo 05:36 Rila Monastery 06:27 Burgas 07:31 Nessebar 08:38 Borovets 09:45 Sozopol 10:52 Reason for visiting Bulgaria #Bulgaria #Places #Travel
bulgaria SLANDER!! learn everything IMPORTANT you NEED to know about EUROPE'S OLDEST COUNTRY in 5 mins starting NOW!!! I use this guy's music a lot: https://soundcloud.com/svardd Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=77588880 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leowpold #meme #bulgaria #balkan #slander
Rick Steves' Europe Travel Guide © 2016 | Bulgaria, so mysterious to most Americans, has a vivid identity as a crossroads of the Balkans. We'll trace the country's complex history, from ancient Thracian tombs to medieval Orthodox Christian monasteries to Soviet monuments. And we'll enjoy an intimate taste of contemporary culture: the yellow brick road of Sofia; the gregarious craftspeople of the medieval capital, Veliko Tarnovo; and the thriving pedestrian zones of cosmopolitan Plovdiv. #ricksteves #ricksteveseurope #bulgaria Visit http://www.ricksteves.com for more information about this destination and other destinations in Europe. Check out more Rick Steves’ Europe travel resources: • “Rick Steves’ Europe” public television series: https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/video/tv...
We were invited to Bulgaria by "Our Home is Bulgaria" to explore the country for the first time this year and it was an amazing experience to travel through this space with so much history and diverse landscapes. Some of the places we feature here are the Seven Rila Lakes, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak, Belogradchik Fortress, Devetashka cave, and Mount Buzludzha. WARNING: To view at 8K 60P you will need to use Chrome, Opera, Firefox, or Edge. ► INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/mysterybox ► INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/jacobschwarz ►WEBSITE: http://www.mysterybox.us ►FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/mysteryboxdigitalcinema/ Make sure to follow us on Instagram for BTS and sneak-peaks at upcoming projects. LICENSING & BUSINESS INQUIRIES ► contact@myst...
This Bulgaria Travel Vlog, "Revealing Life in Bulgaria," invites you to embark on a journey not through the lens of sensationalized labels like "Why is Bulgaria the oldest country in all of Europe?," but through the vibrant kaleidoscope of Bulgaria's true essence. Welcome to our channel, where we bring you insightful explorations of fascinating destinations around the world. In this episode, we embark on a journey to uncover the unique aspects of life in Bulgaria, a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. Join us as we delve into the intriguing topic of bride markets in Bulgaria, exploring the cultural significance and historical context behind this practice. While the idea of "selling brides" may seem shocking to some, we aim to provide a nuanced un...
Olivia and Nathan here! We made it to Sofia, Bulgaria! ____________ [ TRAVEL INSURANCE ] For all our fellow digital nomads out there, here's our preferred travel insurance: https://safetywing.com/?referenceID=onworldtravel&utm_source=onworldtravel&utm_medium=Ambassador [ SUBSCRIBE TO PUT US IN YOUR ALGORITHM ] https://www.youtube.com/onworldtravel?sub_confirmation=1 [ JOIN OUR PATREON COMMUNITY ] https://www.patreon.com/onworldtravel [ MUSIC ] Epidemic Sounds https://share.epidemicsound.com/z2su7u [ FAVORITE TRAVEL CREDIT CARD ] https://www.referyourchasecard.com/6j/YDUCMCAYGV [ GET A $65 AIRBNB DISCOUNT ] For up to $65 off your first AIRBNB https://rb.gy/5eywpf [ NO FREEZE WATER HOSE ] 👉🏽 Use our code: ONWorldTravel for 5% off! https://nofreezewaterhose.com/?ref=hdjck1ijlw [...
Embark on an unforgettable journey to Bulgaria, a country rich in history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. Explore the stunning Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia, wander through the ancient streets of Plovdiv, and marvel at the architectural wonder of the Rila Monastery. Bulgaria’s natural beauty is equally captivating, with the majestic Balkan Mountains, pristine Black Sea beaches, and enchanting Seven Rila Lakes. Indulge in traditional Bulgarian cuisine, vibrant markets, and warm hospitality that will make you feel at home. Join us as we uncover the magic of Bulgaria, from its historic landmarks to its picturesque scenery. Like, share, and subscribe for more exciting travel adventures! #Bulgaria #Travel #Sofia #RilaMonastery #BalkanMountains #ExploreBulgaria
12 Best Places To Visit In Bulgaria | Bulgaria Travel Guide #bulgaria #sofia #bulgariatravel #traveldestinations Embark on an extraordinary journey through the breathtaking landscapes and cultural treasures of Bulgaria! Join us as we unveil the 12 most captivating places in this remarkable country, guiding you to discover its hidden gems and iconic destinations. From the vibrant streets of Sofia, Bulgaria's enchanting capital, to the charming coastal towns along the Black Sea, this immersive travel guide will take you on an unforgettable adventure, offering a glimpse into Bulgaria's rich tourism wonders. Join us as we explore Bulgaria's remarkable attractions and discover its fascinating history and culture. Marvel at the stunning Bulgarian architecture, from the iconic Alexander Nevs...
Travel Documentary Bulgaria. 🇧🇬 Bulgaria is a country that’s often MISUNDERSTOOD, OVERSHADOWED by stereotypes that don’t capture its true essence. Located in Southeast Europe, bordered by Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, and the Black Sea, Bulgaria is home to over 6 million people. While it faces challenges, including being the poorest nation in the European Union, it’s a place rich in history, culture, and hospitality. Join us as we journey through Sofia, Bulgaria's vibrant capital. The city is a fascinating mix of Ottoman, Soviet, and European influences, and we begin our exploration with a surprising ride on the efficient metro system. We stroll through Zhenski Pazar, one of Sofia’s oldest markets, and witness the multicultural society that gives the city its unique ch...
Wonders of Bulgaria | The Most Amazing Places in Bulgaria | Travel Video 4K Subscribe to the channel here, it's free but means a lot to us: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEtkDdEZ0D8BiYnDRIHqYnQ?sub_confirmation=1 00:00 Welcome to Bulgaria 07:10 Belogradchik rocks, Vidin 08:52 Koprivshtitsa* 10:25 Stone Forest Pobiti Kamani 12:12 Varna 13:52 Sunny Beach,Bulgaria 15:24 Nessebar* 17:00 Pomorie 18:44 Burgas 20:28 Sozopol 22:45 Veliko Tarnovo 24:40 Troyan Monastery 25:46 Shipka Memorial, Bulgaria 27:16 Plovdiv 29:14 Sofia 33:17 St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral 35:02 Vitosha Mountain 36:53 Seven Rila Lakes 38:38 Blagoevgrad 40:03 Bansko 41:49 Pirin Moutains 43:22 Maritsa River, Bulgaria 45:11 Buzludzha monument 46:52 Arda River 48:41 Outro #bulgariatravel #bulgariaplacestovisit #bulgariaplac...
Two NATO ships departed Copenhagen, Denmark on Monday to patrol the Baltic Sea after an undersea fibre optic cable between Sweden and Latvia was cut over the weekend. The ships are part of “Baltic Sentry,” an operation to protect critical infrastructure following a string of incidents in which power cables, telecom links and gas pipelines have been damaged amid Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. The Bulgarian shipping company Navigation Maritime Bulgare denies its ship’s crew intentionally severed the cable. “The ship was sailing in very bad weather conditions,” said CEO Aleksandar Kalchev. “It is possible that the ship had caused the problem with the cable. But in my opinion, there is absolutely no way that we’re talking an act of sabotage or whatever action on behalf of our crew...
Check out my merch at ➡️https://theironicshop.com/ ✉️ Join the Postcard Club ✉️ https://www.patreon.com/livingironicallyineurope 🎩Become a member and support the channel:🎩 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8SNsIS6XZ6WaEeEPCSVaQg/join 🔴Follow my Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/livingironicallyineurope/ 🔴Join the Ironic Discord: https://discord.com/invite/XEj7fsVJsk In this video we explore the magical Balkan country of Bulgaria. With over 6000 thousand years of history, Bulgaria is one of the oldest countries on earth and one of the oldest continually inhibited place in the world. As everyone from the Romans, Celts, Slavs, Persians, Greeks, and Ottomans wanted a piece of its land. We go through this country's vast history and explore its not so well known towns and cities such as S...
On Sunday, Bulgaria holds its fifth parliamentary election in two years – more than anywhere else in Europe. From Sofia, CGTN Europe's Pablo Gutierrez explains why – and what might happen next. For more: https://www.cgtn.com/europe Social Media Twitter: https://twitter.com/CGTNEurope Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cgtneuropeofficial Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cgtneurope/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/cgtneurope Flipboard: https://flipboard.com/@CGTNEurope Feedly: https://feedly.com/i/subscription/feed%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgtn.com%2Frss%2Feurope%2Frss.xml OTT iPhone: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/id1466868682 Apple TV: https://www.cgtnnow.com/help/using-the-apple-tv-app/apple-tv-apps Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cgtnamericanow Android TV: h...
To help you get your head around this spring’s European elections, we’ve put together this handy explainer.… READ MORE : https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/05/european-parliament-elections-2019-all-you-need-to-know-about-how-they-work What are the top stories today? Click to watch: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSyY1udCyYqBeDOz400FlseNGNqReKkFd euronews: the most watched news channel in Europe Subscribe! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=euronews euronews is available in 13 languages: https://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsnetwork/channels In English: Website: http://www.euronews.com/news Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/euronews Twitter: http://twitter.com/euronews Google+: http://google.com/+euronews VKontakte: http://vk.com/en.euronews
Exactly two years after the regular parliamentary election, on April 2nd, 2023, Bulgarians were called to the polls for the fifth time in a row to elect the representatives of the National Assembly. Since April 2021, due to the absence of sufficient electoral support and political will, all attempts failed to result in a long-term governing coalition. Our guest expert, Dr. Mariyan K. Sabev from the Center for the Study of Democracy explains that the narrow victory of former prime minister Boyko Borisov’s right-wing GERB—SDS was no surprise for Bulgarians. However, the conservative alliance secured only 5 parliamentary seats more vis-à-vis the liberal-conservative electoral coalition of We Continue the Change and Democratic Bulgaria, headed by ex-premier Kiril Petkov. The anti-status quo IT...
Bulgarians head to the polls in an election which will determine the fate of anti-corruption candidate Rumen Radev READ MORE : https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/21/bulgarians-vote-in-an-election-that-will-determine-the-new-president Subscribe to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/euronews?sub_confirmation=1 Watch our LIVE here: https://www.youtube.com/c/euronews/live Subscribe to our thematic channels: NoComment: https://www.youtube.com/c/nocommenttv?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews Green: http://bit.ly/2sMsaDB Euronews Next: https://www.youtube.com/c/EuronewsNext?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews Travel: https://www.youtube.com/c/EuronewsTravel?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews is available on YouTube in 12 languages: https://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsnetwork/channels #World
This is the YouTube service of Europe Elects. Poll aggregation and election analysis for countries in the European Union. Europe Elects introduces the main political parties ahead of the 11 of July 2021 parliament election in Bulgaria. Please consider a donation on our Patreon. Thank you. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/EuropeElects Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/pools/c/8bYExe... Twitter: https://twitter.com/EuropeElects Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EuropeElects/ 0:00 Intro 0:51 GERB - SDS 3:49 ITN 6:00 SBPzB 9:33 DPS 11:50 DB 15:07 IS.MV 18:00 BP Pictures adapted from: -Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... by Grey Geezer This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...
Online panel discussion organised by IDM in cooperation with the Political Academy and Karl Renner Institute 01:01 Welcome Address Elisabeth Mayerhofer, Director of the Political Academy 03:14 Panel Discussion Solomon Passy, former Foreign Minister of Bulgaria Velina Tchakarova, Director at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy (AIES) Denica Yotova, Programme coordinator of the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Moderation Sebastian Schäffer, Managing Director at the Institute for the Danube Region and Central Europe (IDM) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/IDMVienna Twitter: https://twitter.com/IDMVienna Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/idmvienna/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/idmv... Visit our website: http://www.idm.at/ Newslett...
This time, the Votes & Seats podcast analysis of the MCC Center for Political Science endeavors to give an insight into Bulgaria’s third attempt in 2021 to elect a parliament as no party or alliance was able to form a government after the April and July ballots. Bulgarian international relations analyst and OSCE elections expert, Neli Kirilova* helped us analyze the results and the background of the ballots from a local perspective. Launched just two months before the election, the centrist anti-graft party We Continue the Change (PP) won the most seats with 25.7% of the votes, and has started negotiations to form a government after its surprise victory. According to Ms. Kirilova, the support of the other protest parties will not be enough for PP to form a solid majority, however, a possib...
Hundreds of millions of citizens are eligible to vote in this year’s European Parliamentary elections. CNBC’s Silvia Amaro explains how voting works across the 28 European countries. ----- Subscribe to us on YouTube: http://cnb.cx/2wuoARM Subscribe to CNBC Life on YouTube: http://cnb.cx/2wAkfMv Like our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/cnbcinternational Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cnbcinternational/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/CNBCi
Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe Authorities in Bulgaria have seized 350,000 illegally printed ballots ahead of Sunday's parliamentary vote.Deadlock is predicted between the two main parties. Al JAzeera's Jonah Hull reports from Sofia. At Al Jazeera English, we focus on people and events that affect people's lives. We bring topics to light that often go under-reported, listening to all sides of the story and giving a 'voice to the voiceless.' Reaching more than 270 million households in over 140 countries across the globe, our viewers trust Al Jazeera English to keep them informed, inspired, and entertained. Our impartial, fact-based reporting wins worldwide praise and respect. It is our unique brand of journalism tha...
Do you have questions about the upcoming European elections? This explainer is for you. READ MORE : https://www.euronews.com/2024/04/01/what-are-the-european-elections-and-how-do-they-work Subscribe to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/euronews?sub_confirmation=1 Watch our LIVE here: https://www.youtube.com/c/euronews/live Subscribe to our thematic channels: NoComment: https://www.youtube.com/c/nocommenttv?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews Green: http://bit.ly/2sMsaDB Euronews Next: https://www.youtube.com/c/EuronewsNext?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews Travel: https://www.youtube.com/c/EuronewsTravel?sub_confirmation=1 Euronews is available on YouTube in 12 languages: https://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsnetwork/channels #EuropeNews
Catch Thursday's episode of Raw Politics here. … READ MORE : https://www.euronews.com/2019/05/24/raw-politics-in-full-eu-elections-kick-off-and-may-s-gambit-backfires What are the top stories today? Click to watch: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSyY1udCyYqBeDOz400FlseNGNqReKkFd euronews: the most watched news channel in Europe Subscribe! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=euronews euronews is available in 13 languages: https://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsnetwork/channels In English: Website: http://www.euronews.com/news Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/euronews Twitter: http://twitter.com/euronews Google+: http://google.com/+euronews VKontakte: http://vk.com/en.euronews
In just a few hours time we will know which of the party figureheads has been successful in their quest to be leader of the largest faction in the European parliament, and if Europe's electorate has bothered to turn out and vote in greater numbers than last time. Martin Shultz, the German Social Democrat, hopes to lead a broad left revival and end the power-sharing deal with Jean-Claude Junker's centre-right that has dominated the EU for so long. The Liberal European wing is led by Belgian vet... READ MORE : http://www.euronews.com/2014/05/25/eu-elections-2014-a-redrawing-of-europe-s-political-tribes What is in the news today? Click to watch: http://eurone.ws/1kb2gOl euronews: the most watched news channel in Europe Subscribe! http://eurone.ws/10ZCK4a euronews is available in 14 langu...
This is the YouTube service of Europe Elects. Poll aggregation and election analysis for countries in the European Union. Europe Elects introduces the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu) and the electoral system ahead of the 3 of March 2019 parliamentary election in Estonia. Europe Elects is run by volunteers. Please consider a donation on our Patreon account. Thank you. Donate to our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/EuropeElects Donate to our Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/pools/c/8bYExemIM1 Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/EuropeElects Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EuropeElects/
The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908.
The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several vilayets, each ruled by a Sanjakbey or Subasi accountable to the Beylerbey. Significant parts of the conquered land were parcelled out to the Sultan's followers, who held it as benefices or fiefs (small timars, medium ziyamet and large hases) directly from him, or from the Beylerbeys. This category of land could not be sold or inherited, but reverted to the Sultan when the fiefholder died. The lands were organised as private possessions of the Sultan or Ottoman nobility, called "mülk", and also as an economic base for religious foundations, called vakιf, as well as other people. Bulgarians regularly paid multiple types of taxes, including a tithe ("yushur"), a capitation tax (jizyah), a land tax ("ispench"), a levy on commerce, and also various irregularly collected taxes, products and corvees ("avariz").