Several selective ligands for the melanocortin receptors are known, and some synthetic compounds have been investigated as potential tanning, anti-obesity and aphrodisiac drugs, with tanning effects mainly from stimulation of MC1, while anorectic and aphrodisiac effects appear to involve both MC3 and MC4. MC1, MC3 and MC4 are widely expressed in the brain, and are also thought to be responsible for effects on mood and cognition.
Melanocortin 4 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC4Rgene. It encodes the MC4 protein, a G protein-coupled receptor that binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In murine models MC4 receptors have been found to be involved in feeding behaviour, the regulation of metabolism, sexual behaviour, and male erectile function.
In 2008, MC4R mutations were reported to be associated with inherited human obesity. They were found in heterozygotes, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. However, based on other research and observations, these mutations seem to have an incomplete penetrance and some degree of codominance. It has a prevalence of 1.0-2.5% in people with body mass indices greater than 30, making it the most commonly known genetic defect predisposing people to obesity.
Clinical significance
In 2009, two very large genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) confirmed the association of variants about 150 kilobases downstream of the MC4R gene with insulin resistance, obesity, and other anthropometric traits.MC4R may also have clinical utility as a biomarker for predicting individual susceptibility to drug-induced adverse effects causing weight gain and related metabolic abnormalities. Another GWAS performed in 2012 identified twenty SNPs located ~190 Kb downstream of MC4R in association with severe antipsychotic-induced weight gain. This locus overlapped with the region previously identified in the 2009 studies. The rs489693 polymorphism, in particular, sustained a statistically robust signal across three replication cohorts and demonstrated consistent recessive effects. This finding was replicated again by another research group in the following year. In accordance with the above, MC4 receptor agonists have garnered interest as potential treatments for obesity and insulin resistance, while MC4 receptor antagonists have attracted interest as potential treatments for cachexia.
The MC1R protein lies within the cell membrane, and is signalled by melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) released by the pituitary gland. When activated by one of the variants of MSH, typically α-MSH, MC1R initiates a complex signaling cascade that leads to the production of the brown or black pigment eumelanin. In contrast, the receptor can also be antagonized by agouti signalling peptide (ASIP), which reverts the cell back to producing the yellow or red phaeomelanin.
How is food intake regulated? Regulating food intake is very important and relies on cellular communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. One key factor is leptin. Find out about leptins role and that of other key proteins in this video!
This video builds upon my last one, so check this one out first!
"Can genetics explain weight gain?"; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo2VM35qPnc&t=10s
Blog; https://asheekeyscienceblog.com/
published: 20 Jun 2019
Alice Williamson - thesis in three minutes - UK Biobank
MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty.
published: 16 Nov 2021
Melanocortin receptor Top # 5 Facts
Melanocortin receptor Top # 5 Facts
published: 30 Oct 2015
Pronounce Medical Words ― Melanocortin 1 Receptor
This video shows you how to say Melanocortin 1 Receptor.
How would you pronounce Melanocortin 1 Receptor?
published: 30 Apr 2014
The Melanocortin 3 Receptor and Pediatric Obesity
Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D., presents this topic in the Enrichment Lecture Series co-hosted by the Center for Translational Research and the Bioenergetics special interest group at Children's National Hospital.
published: 16 Jun 2020
Medical vocabulary: What does Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 mean
What does Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 mean in English?
published: 20 Jan 2016
How do Melanocytes Make Melanin?: Melanogenesis Mechanism
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings.
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published: 01 Aug 2019
Human gain-of-function MC4R genetic variants show signalling bias and protect against obesity
The NanoBiT® Assay helped Jacek and his team to show that gain-of-function genetic variants of the GPCR Melanocortin 4 Receptor, associated with protection against obesity, show signalling bias for beta-arrestin recruitment.
To find out more visit our playlist on this YouTube channel (full length case studies) or visit our website: https://www.promega.co.uk/Global%20Data/Promega%20Worldwide/Europe/Promega%20UK/Branch%20Content/Local%20Pages/UK-Blog/article/dr-jacek-mokrosinski/
published: 09 Sep 2020
Melanocortin 1 Receptor Protein Explained
My model of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor
published: 01 Nov 2021
Hyperpigmentation series Melanocortin 1 Receptor.
Hyperpigmentation for the esthetician, melanin, melanosomes, melanogenesis, and treatment outcomes. Pigment distribution, differentiating between facultative and constitutive skin coloring. Tyrosinase inhibitors and other treatment options.
Video 6 of 12 videos in the Know Skin series by Kirsten Sheridan, Esthetician HND Beauty therapy, and CIDESCO DIPLOMATE.
How is food intake regulated? Regulating food intake is very important and relies on cellular communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. One key fa...
How is food intake regulated? Regulating food intake is very important and relies on cellular communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. One key factor is leptin. Find out about leptins role and that of other key proteins in this video!
This video builds upon my last one, so check this one out first!
"Can genetics explain weight gain?"; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo2VM35qPnc&t=10s
Blog; https://asheekeyscienceblog.com/
How is food intake regulated? Regulating food intake is very important and relies on cellular communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. One key factor is leptin. Find out about leptins role and that of other key proteins in this video!
This video builds upon my last one, so check this one out first!
"Can genetics explain weight gain?"; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo2VM35qPnc&t=10s
Blog; https://asheekeyscienceblog.com/
Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D., presents this topic in the Enrichment Lecture Series co-hosted by the Center for Translational Research and the Bioenergetics spe...
Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D., presents this topic in the Enrichment Lecture Series co-hosted by the Center for Translational Research and the Bioenergetics special interest group at Children's National Hospital.
Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D., presents this topic in the Enrichment Lecture Series co-hosted by the Center for Translational Research and the Bioenergetics special interest group at Children's National Hospital.
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystunivers...
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings.
More details here in my new video: https://youtu.be/qcVFzpO-xC8
MERCHANDISE
Be sure to check out custom Catalyst University merchandise!
LINK | https://teespring.com/stores/catalyst-university-store-2
PATREON
LINK | https://www.patreon.com/catalystuniversity
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings.
More details here in my new video: https://youtu.be/qcVFzpO-xC8
MERCHANDISE
Be sure to check out custom Catalyst University merchandise!
LINK | https://teespring.com/stores/catalyst-university-store-2
PATREON
LINK | https://www.patreon.com/catalystuniversity
The NanoBiT® Assay helped Jacek and his team to show that gain-of-function genetic variants of the GPCR Melanocortin 4 Receptor, associated with protection agai...
The NanoBiT® Assay helped Jacek and his team to show that gain-of-function genetic variants of the GPCR Melanocortin 4 Receptor, associated with protection against obesity, show signalling bias for beta-arrestin recruitment.
To find out more visit our playlist on this YouTube channel (full length case studies) or visit our website: https://www.promega.co.uk/Global%20Data/Promega%20Worldwide/Europe/Promega%20UK/Branch%20Content/Local%20Pages/UK-Blog/article/dr-jacek-mokrosinski/
The NanoBiT® Assay helped Jacek and his team to show that gain-of-function genetic variants of the GPCR Melanocortin 4 Receptor, associated with protection against obesity, show signalling bias for beta-arrestin recruitment.
To find out more visit our playlist on this YouTube channel (full length case studies) or visit our website: https://www.promega.co.uk/Global%20Data/Promega%20Worldwide/Europe/Promega%20UK/Branch%20Content/Local%20Pages/UK-Blog/article/dr-jacek-mokrosinski/
Hyperpigmentation for the esthetician, melanin, melanosomes, melanogenesis, and treatment outcomes. Pigment distribution, differentiating between facultative an...
Hyperpigmentation for the esthetician, melanin, melanosomes, melanogenesis, and treatment outcomes. Pigment distribution, differentiating between facultative and constitutive skin coloring. Tyrosinase inhibitors and other treatment options.
Video 6 of 12 videos in the Know Skin series by Kirsten Sheridan, Esthetician HND Beauty therapy, and CIDESCO DIPLOMATE.
Hyperpigmentation for the esthetician, melanin, melanosomes, melanogenesis, and treatment outcomes. Pigment distribution, differentiating between facultative and constitutive skin coloring. Tyrosinase inhibitors and other treatment options.
Video 6 of 12 videos in the Know Skin series by Kirsten Sheridan, Esthetician HND Beauty therapy, and CIDESCO DIPLOMATE.
How is food intake regulated? Regulating food intake is very important and relies on cellular communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. One key factor is leptin. Find out about leptins role and that of other key proteins in this video!
This video builds upon my last one, so check this one out first!
"Can genetics explain weight gain?"; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo2VM35qPnc&t=10s
Blog; https://asheekeyscienceblog.com/
Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D., presents this topic in the Enrichment Lecture Series co-hosted by the Center for Translational Research and the Bioenergetics special interest group at Children's National Hospital.
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings.
More details here in my new video: https://youtu.be/qcVFzpO-xC8
MERCHANDISE
Be sure to check out custom Catalyst University merchandise!
LINK | https://teespring.com/stores/catalyst-university-store-2
PATREON
LINK | https://www.patreon.com/catalystuniversity
The NanoBiT® Assay helped Jacek and his team to show that gain-of-function genetic variants of the GPCR Melanocortin 4 Receptor, associated with protection against obesity, show signalling bias for beta-arrestin recruitment.
To find out more visit our playlist on this YouTube channel (full length case studies) or visit our website: https://www.promega.co.uk/Global%20Data/Promega%20Worldwide/Europe/Promega%20UK/Branch%20Content/Local%20Pages/UK-Blog/article/dr-jacek-mokrosinski/
Hyperpigmentation for the esthetician, melanin, melanosomes, melanogenesis, and treatment outcomes. Pigment distribution, differentiating between facultative and constitutive skin coloring. Tyrosinase inhibitors and other treatment options.
Video 6 of 12 videos in the Know Skin series by Kirsten Sheridan, Esthetician HND Beauty therapy, and CIDESCO DIPLOMATE.
Several selective ligands for the melanocortin receptors are known, and some synthetic compounds have been investigated as potential tanning, anti-obesity and aphrodisiac drugs, with tanning effects mainly from stimulation of MC1, while anorectic and aphrodisiac effects appear to involve both MC3 and MC4. MC1, MC3 and MC4 are widely expressed in the brain, and are also thought to be responsible for effects on mood and cognition.
Genetics. Obesity Research is Going to the Dogs...Single-cell data from mice and humans revealed that DENND1B co-expressed with satiety signaling receptors like melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), a key regulator in energy balance, in the hypothalamus ... .
It acts in the brain by activating “melanocortin receptors” to reduce hunger and increase energy use ... We showed DENND1B is produced alongside melanocortin receptors in the brain and alters signalling by them.
the Asian elephant... Other target genes included MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor), which regulates melanin production, in order to produce mice with golden hair rather than the usual dark fur and a variant associated with changes in body weight.