The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electricsubmarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877Paltus (Halibut) in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo-class submarine in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in Russia.
Role
The boats are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar).
Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Afra also upgraded to MG-519EM. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.
Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal. These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range at which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.
The prefix kilo is derived from the Greek word χίλιοι (chilioi), meaning "thousand". It was originally adopted by Antoine Lavoisier's research group in 1795, and introduced into the metric system in France with its establishment in 1799. Based on a proposal by Thomas Young, the prefix was often alternatively spelled chilio- in early 19th century sources.
one kilobyte (kB) is 1000 bytes (see exception below for KB)
A second definition has been in common use in some fields of computer science and information technology, which is, however, inconsistent with the SI definition. It uses kilo as meaning 210 = 1024, because of the mathematical coincidence that 210 is approximately 103. The reason for this application is that binary values natively used in computing are base 2 and not the base 10 which is used for the SI prefixes. The NIST comments on this confusion: "Faced with this reality, the IEEE Standards Board decided that IEEE standards will use the conventional, internationally adopted, definitions of the SI prefixes", instead of kilo for 1024.
A binary prefix is a prefix attached before a unit symbol to multiply it by a power of 2. In computing, such a prefix is seen in combination with a unit of information (bit, byte, etc.), to indicate a power of 1024.
The computer industry has historically used the units kilobyte, megabyte, and gigabyte, and the corresponding symbols KB, MB, and GB, in at least two slightly different measurement systems. In citations of main memory (RAM) capacity, gigabyte customarily means 7009107374182400000♠1073741824 bytes. As this is the third power of 1024, and 1024 is a power of two (210), this usage is referred to as a binary prefix.
In most other contexts, the industry uses the multipliers kilo, mega, giga, etc., in a manner consistent with their meaning in the International System of Units (SI), namely as powers of 1000. For example, a 500 gigabyte hard disk holds 7011500000000000000♠500000000000 bytes, and a 100-megabit-per-second Ethernet connection transfers data at 7008100000000000000♠100000000 bit/s. In contrast with the binary prefix usage, this use is described as a decimal prefix, as 1000 is a power of 10 (103).
Joshi, following a fire aboard the INS Sindhuratna, a RussianType EKM877 diesel-electric ‘Kilo’-class submarine, whilst routine trials were being conducted off the Mumbai coast.
and its allies opportunities to extend their influence ... The location of at least three warships and a Kilo-class submarine that had languished off the coast of Syria since the fall of Damascus wasn’t clear ... officials ... (Jacquelin Frost/U.S. Navy) ... U.S ... .
... Sukhoi-30MKIs and MiG-29s, warships like aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya, Talwar and Teg-class frigates and Kilo-class diesel-electric submarines, AN-32 medium-lift aircraft and Mi-17 helicopters.
The flotilla, consisting of Kilo Class submarine Novorossiysk (B261), ... Only one #kilo class submarine remained.#russiannavy #Syriastrikes #foxnews #kilo pic.twitter.com/guRA9w0qqt — ImageSat Intl.
... system has been installed, stationed at the international airport in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, which is just a 30-minute flight from southern Taiwan.A Russian Kilo-class submarine was also sighted on Nov.
On Tuesday, an alarmed Japan sortied a surveillance plane and warship after spotting a Russian Kilo-class submarine near its territorial waters, the official said.
A Russian Kilo-class submarine was sighted 80 nautical miles off the western province of Occidental Mindoro on Nov ...Russia’s Kilo-class submarines are considered some of the quietest submarines and have been constantly refined since the 1980s.
... and submarines sunk or disabled ... Three frigates (two Gorshkov class and one Grigorovich class), one improved Kilo submarine and two auxiliaries, one of which is the tanker Yelna, had all departed.
The attack submarine identified as "UFA 490", a part of the Improved Kilo II class diesel electric attack submarines produced by Russia, was spotted some 80 nautical miles west off Cape Calavite, Occidental Mindoro.
Last week, a Russian Kilo-class submarine was spotted on the surface about 80 nautical miles to the west of Occidental Mindoro, transiting the PhilippineEEZ... The sub was identified as the Ufa, a Kilo ...
The Philippines said it spotted a Russian submarine 80 nautical miles from its coast ...The Inquirer first reported the news, citing unnamed security sources, including one who said it was a Kilo II-class diesel-electric submarine.
A Russian Kilo-class submarine UFA 490 is pictured 148km from Mindoro island in the South China Sea on Thursday last week ...Russia’s Kilo-class submarines are considered some of the quietest and have been constantly refined since the 1980s.
