-
Transcription and Translation: From DNA to Protein
Ok, so everyone knows that DNA is the genetic code, but what does that mean? How can some little molecule be a code that makes a single cell develop into a giraffe, or a monkey, or Tony Danza? Within this clip lie the answers, child! It's all about transcription and translation.
Watch the whole Biochemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
EMAILâ–ş [email protected]
PATREONâ–ş http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Or...
published: 09 Sep 2016
-
Cell Biology | DNA Transcription 🧬
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about DNA Transcription. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Join this channel to get access to perks:
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#ninjanerd #DNATranscription #CellBiology
published: 31 Mar 2021
-
Transcription and mRNA processing | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy
Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/v/transcription-and-mrna-processing
Introduction to transcription including the role of RNA polymerase, promoters, terminators, introns and exons.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/speed-and-precision-of-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/leading-and-lagging-strands-in-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan A...
published: 04 Jun 2016
-
Transcription and Translation - Protein Synthesis From DNA - Biology
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into transcription and translation which explains protein synthesis starting from DNA. Transcription is the process where DNA is used to create mRNA. RNA polymerase constructs DNA using the template strand or antisense strand. The other strand is called the noncoding strand or nontemplate strand. pre-mRNA is actually created first through 3 processes - initiation, elongation, and termination. After which, pre-mRNA undergoes RNA splicing where the introns are removed and the exons remain. mRNA now leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol where it finds a ribosome which is the site where proteins are made. The nucleotide sequence found in mRNA is broken into sets of 3 forming codons which matches the anticodons found in tRNA....
published: 24 Sep 2018
-
How are Proteins Made? - Transcription and Translation Explained #66
This video covers:
- The two steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
- Transcription is the production of mRNA, which is a copy of a gene
- Translation is the production of a sequence of amino acids (a polypeptide) using that mRNA
Exam board specific info:
AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
Maths Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlis...
published: 15 Mar 2020
-
Transcription (DNA to mRNA)
published: 14 Oct 2017
-
DNA Transcription and Translation | DNA to Protein
In this video, Dr Mike explains how DNA encodes for proteins and how mutations can alter these proteins.
published: 09 Mar 2020
-
DNA Transcription (Advanced)
Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: "DNA makes RNA makes protein" Here the process begins. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place... inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex... and now it is ready to be...
published: 22 Mar 2010
-
GENETICS GUIDE - GENE TRANSCRIPTION GUIDE IN UNDAWN
#undawndesert #undawn #undawncreator
This video is brought to you by my partnership with Undawn and Undawn Creator Camp.
Hello everyone I've seen that a lot of people struggle with genes that's why I came up with this guide to make it easier for everyone to understand and grind them.
make sure you click that like button and subscribe it helps out a ton :))
published: 27 Aug 2023
-
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2019)
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2018)
DNA TRANSLATION : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QcBYTA7uVXk&t=49s
DNA REPLICATION: https://goo.gl/PHJBkz
DNA STRUCTURE : https://goo.gl/D6cNoM
Help us Improve our content
Support us on Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/medsimplfied
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.
Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:
RNA polymerase, together with one or more general...
published: 10 Mar 2018
6:27
Transcription and Translation: From DNA to Protein
Ok, so everyone knows that DNA is the genetic code, but what does that mean? How can some little molecule be a code that makes a single cell develop into a gira...
Ok, so everyone knows that DNA is the genetic code, but what does that mean? How can some little molecule be a code that makes a single cell develop into a giraffe, or a monkey, or Tony Danza? Within this clip lie the answers, child! It's all about transcription and translation.
Watch the whole Biochemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
EMAILâ–ş
[email protected]
PATREONâ–ş http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
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Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
https://wn.com/Transcription_And_Translation_From_Dna_To_Protein
Ok, so everyone knows that DNA is the genetic code, but what does that mean? How can some little molecule be a code that makes a single cell develop into a giraffe, or a monkey, or Tony Danza? Within this clip lie the answers, child! It's all about transcription and translation.
Watch the whole Biochemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
EMAILâ–ş
[email protected]
PATREONâ–ş http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
- published: 09 Sep 2016
- views: 3913493
1:25:29
Cell Biology | DNA Transcription 🧬
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about DNA Transcription. We hope you...
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about DNA Transcription. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Join this channel to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6QYFutt9cluQ3uSM963_KQ/join
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We are switching merchandise suppliers.
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#ninjanerd #DNATranscription #CellBiology
https://wn.com/Cell_Biology_|_Dna_Transcription_🧬
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about DNA Transcription. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Join this channel to get access to perks:
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#ninjanerd #DNATranscription #CellBiology
- published: 31 Mar 2021
- views: 1332366
10:24
Transcription and mRNA processing | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy
Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and...
Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/v/transcription-and-mrna-processing
Introduction to transcription including the role of RNA polymerase, promoters, terminators, introns and exons.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/speed-and-precision-of-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/leading-and-lagging-strands-in-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
https://wn.com/Transcription_And_Mrna_Processing_|_Biomolecules_|_Mcat_|_Khan_Academy
Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/transcription-and-rna-processing/v/transcription-and-mrna-processing
Introduction to transcription including the role of RNA polymerase, promoters, terminators, introns and exons.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/speed-and-precision-of-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/v/leading-and-lagging-strands-in-dna-replication?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
- published: 04 Jun 2016
- views: 1651205
10:55
Transcription and Translation - Protein Synthesis From DNA - Biology
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into transcription and translation which explains protein synthesis starting from DNA. Transcription ...
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into transcription and translation which explains protein synthesis starting from DNA. Transcription is the process where DNA is used to create mRNA. RNA polymerase constructs DNA using the template strand or antisense strand. The other strand is called the noncoding strand or nontemplate strand. pre-mRNA is actually created first through 3 processes - initiation, elongation, and termination. After which, pre-mRNA undergoes RNA splicing where the introns are removed and the exons remain. mRNA now leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol where it finds a ribosome which is the site where proteins are made. The nucleotide sequence found in mRNA is broken into sets of 3 forming codons which matches the anticodons found in tRNA. The transfer RNA molecule brings the amino acids needed to make the growing polypeptide chain forming a protein. The ribosome has three sites - The E site or exit site, the P site or peptidyl site, and the A site or amino acyl site where most tRNA molecules enter.
My E-Book: https://amzn.to/3B9c08z
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Nucleic Acids - RNA & DNA:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AtO8DuWsck
#biology #DNA #Protein
Disclaimer: Some of the links associated with this video may generate affiliate commissions on my behalf. As an amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases that you may make through such affiliate links.
https://wn.com/Transcription_And_Translation_Protein_Synthesis_From_Dna_Biology
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into transcription and translation which explains protein synthesis starting from DNA. Transcription is the process where DNA is used to create mRNA. RNA polymerase constructs DNA using the template strand or antisense strand. The other strand is called the noncoding strand or nontemplate strand. pre-mRNA is actually created first through 3 processes - initiation, elongation, and termination. After which, pre-mRNA undergoes RNA splicing where the introns are removed and the exons remain. mRNA now leaves the nucleus and enters the cytosol where it finds a ribosome which is the site where proteins are made. The nucleotide sequence found in mRNA is broken into sets of 3 forming codons which matches the anticodons found in tRNA. The transfer RNA molecule brings the amino acids needed to make the growing polypeptide chain forming a protein. The ribosome has three sites - The E site or exit site, the P site or peptidyl site, and the A site or amino acyl site where most tRNA molecules enter.
My E-Book: https://amzn.to/3B9c08z
Video Playlists: https://www.video-tutor.net
Homework Help: https://bit.ly/Find-A-Tutor
Subscribe: https://bit.ly/37WGgXl
Support & Donations: https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEWpbFLzoYGPfuWUMFPSaoA/join
Nucleic Acids - RNA & DNA:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AtO8DuWsck
#biology #DNA #Protein
Disclaimer: Some of the links associated with this video may generate affiliate commissions on my behalf. As an amazon associate, I earn from qualifying purchases that you may make through such affiliate links.
- published: 24 Sep 2018
- views: 1425187
11:21
How are Proteins Made? - Transcription and Translation Explained #66
This video covers:
- The two steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
- Transcription is the production of mRNA, which is a copy of a gene
- Tr...
This video covers:
- The two steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
- Transcription is the production of mRNA, which is a copy of a gene
- Translation is the production of a sequence of amino acids (a polypeptide) using that mRNA
Exam board specific info:
AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
Maths Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7XPh1QacLRiKto_UlnRIEVh
GCSE Chemistry playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fN8kH9Vvqo0&list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W
GCSE Biology Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--dIBinUdeU&list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g
GCSE Physics Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHVJfRxeAxo&list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7
https://wn.com/How_Are_Proteins_Made_Transcription_And_Translation_Explained_66
This video covers:
- The two steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
- Transcription is the production of mRNA, which is a copy of a gene
- Translation is the production of a sequence of amino acids (a polypeptide) using that mRNA
Exam board specific info:
AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
Maths Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLidqqIGKox7XPh1QacLRiKto_UlnRIEVh
GCSE Chemistry playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fN8kH9Vvqo0&list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W
GCSE Biology Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--dIBinUdeU&list=PLidqqIGKox7X5UFT-expKIuR-i-BN3Q1g
GCSE Physics Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHVJfRxeAxo&list=PLidqqIGKox7UVC-8WC9djoeBzwxPeXph7
- published: 15 Mar 2020
- views: 1079544
14:22
DNA Transcription and Translation | DNA to Protein
In this video, Dr Mike explains how DNA encodes for proteins and how mutations can alter these proteins.
In this video, Dr Mike explains how DNA encodes for proteins and how mutations can alter these proteins.
https://wn.com/Dna_Transcription_And_Translation_|_Dna_To_Protein
In this video, Dr Mike explains how DNA encodes for proteins and how mutations can alter these proteins.
- published: 09 Mar 2020
- views: 46502
1:54
DNA Transcription (Advanced)
Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactiv...
Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: "DNA makes RNA makes protein" Here the process begins. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place... inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex... and now it is ready to be activated. The initiation complex requires contact with activator proteins, which bind to specific sequences of DNA known as enhancer regions. These regions may be thousands of base pairs distant from the start of the gene. Contact between the activator proteins and the initiation-complex releases the copying mechanism. The RNA polymerase unzips a small portion of the DNA helix exposing the bases on each strand. Only one of the strands is copied. It acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is assembled one sub-unit at a time by matching the DNA letter code on the template strand. The sub-units can be seen here entering the enzyme through its intake hole and they are joined together to form the long messenger RNA chain snaking out of the top.
https://wn.com/Dna_Transcription_(Advanced)
Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: "DNA makes RNA makes protein" Here the process begins. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place... inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex... and now it is ready to be activated. The initiation complex requires contact with activator proteins, which bind to specific sequences of DNA known as enhancer regions. These regions may be thousands of base pairs distant from the start of the gene. Contact between the activator proteins and the initiation-complex releases the copying mechanism. The RNA polymerase unzips a small portion of the DNA helix exposing the bases on each strand. Only one of the strands is copied. It acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is assembled one sub-unit at a time by matching the DNA letter code on the template strand. The sub-units can be seen here entering the enzyme through its intake hole and they are joined together to form the long messenger RNA chain snaking out of the top.
- published: 22 Mar 2010
- views: 856148
6:09
GENETICS GUIDE - GENE TRANSCRIPTION GUIDE IN UNDAWN
#undawndesert #undawn #undawncreator
This video is brought to you by my partnership with Undawn and Undawn Creator Camp.
Hello everyone I've seen that a lot o...
#undawndesert #undawn #undawncreator
This video is brought to you by my partnership with Undawn and Undawn Creator Camp.
Hello everyone I've seen that a lot of people struggle with genes that's why I came up with this guide to make it easier for everyone to understand and grind them.
make sure you click that like button and subscribe it helps out a ton :))
https://wn.com/Genetics_Guide_Gene_Transcription_Guide_In_Undawn
#undawndesert #undawn #undawncreator
This video is brought to you by my partnership with Undawn and Undawn Creator Camp.
Hello everyone I've seen that a lot of people struggle with genes that's why I came up with this guide to make it easier for everyone to understand and grind them.
make sure you click that like button and subscribe it helps out a ton :))
- published: 27 Aug 2023
- views: 251
7:49
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2019)
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2018)
DNA TRANSLATION : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QcBYTA7uVXk&t=49s
DNA REPLICATION: https://goo.gl/PHJBkz
DNA S...
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2018)
DNA TRANSLATION : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QcBYTA7uVXk&t=49s
DNA REPLICATION: https://goo.gl/PHJBkz
DNA STRUCTURE : https://goo.gl/D6cNoM
Help us Improve our content
Support us on Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/medsimplfied
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.
Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:
RNA polymerase, together with one or more general transcription factors, binds to promoter DNA.
RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.
RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).
RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.
Hydrogen bonds of the RNA–DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.
If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA may be further processed. This may include polyadenylation, capping, and splicing.
The RNA may remain in the nucleus or exit to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
Termination. Sequences called terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete. Once they are transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase
Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
https://wn.com/Transcription_Made_Easy_From_Dna_To_Rna_(2019)
Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2018)
DNA TRANSLATION : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QcBYTA7uVXk&t=49s
DNA REPLICATION: https://goo.gl/PHJBkz
DNA STRUCTURE : https://goo.gl/D6cNoM
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Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.
Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:
RNA polymerase, together with one or more general transcription factors, binds to promoter DNA.
RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.
RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).
RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.
Hydrogen bonds of the RNA–DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.
If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA may be further processed. This may include polyadenylation, capping, and splicing.
The RNA may remain in the nucleus or exit to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
Termination. Sequences called terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete. Once they are transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase
Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
- published: 10 Mar 2018
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