The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNAmolecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double-stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
History
In 1956, Arthur Kornberg and colleagues discovered the enzyme DNA polymerase I, also known as Pol I, in Escherichia coli. They described the DNA replication process by which DNA polymerase copies the base sequence of a template DNA strand. Subsequently, in 1959, Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.DNA polymerase II was also discovered by Kornberg and Malcolm E. Gefter in 1970 while further elucidating the role of Pol I in E. coli DNA replication.
DNA polymerase alpha also known as Pol α is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in initiation of DNA replication. The DNA polymerase alpha complex consists of 4 subunits: POLA1, POLA2, PRIM1, and PRIM2.
Pol α has limited processivity and lacks 3′ exonuclease activity for proofreading errors. Thus it is not well suited to efficiently and accurately copy long templates (unlike Pol Delta and Epsilon). Instead it plays a more limited role in replication. Pol α is responsible for the initiation of DNA replication at origins of replication (on both the leading and lagging strands) and during synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. The Pol α complex (pol α-DNA primase complex) consists of four subunits: the catalytic subunit POLA1, the regulatory subunit POLA2, and the small and the large primase subunits PRIM1 and PRIM2 respectively. Once primase has created the RNA primer, Pol α starts replication elongating the primer with ~20 nucleotides.
DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLA1gene.
Function
Pol α has limited processivity and lacks 3′ exonuclease activity for proofreading errors. Thus it is not well suited to efficiently and accurately copy long templates (unlike Pol Delta and Epsilon). Instead it plays a more limited role in replication. Pol α is responsible for the initiation of DNA replication at origins of replication (on both the leading and lagging strands) and during synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. The Pol α complex (pol α-DNA primase complex) consists of four subunits: the catalytic subunit POLA1, the regulatory subunit POLA2, and the small and the large primase subunits PRIM1 and PRIM2 respectively. Once primase has created the RNA primer, Pol α starts replication elongating the primer with ~20 nucleotides.
Visualisation of DNA polymerase enzyme copying mechanism.
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology, available free from iBook Store
published: 31 Mar 2017
DNA replication - 3D
This 3D animation shows you how DNA is copied in a cell. It shows how both strands of the DNA helix are unzipped and copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
To download the subtitles (.srt) for this video, please use the following link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1CbdfY31ykoZlhrcXUtcVIyNEU/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0--VxJZWBrWoXLJUPbQ8cttg
For more information, download the video, and explore related resources on our site: http://www.yourgenome.org/video/dna-replication
---
Animated by Polymime Animation Company Ltd.
http://www.polymime.com
http://www.instagram.com/polymimestudio
published: 26 Jun 2015
How DNA Polymerase Works
This video explains how DNA Polymerase works. It explains the direction of replication of DNA polymerase and it explains what is required for DNA polymerase to work.
Support us!: https://www.patreon.com/learningsimply
Twitter: https://twitter.com/learningsimplyv
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/learningsimply/
published: 03 Oct 2016
DNA Replication (Updated)
Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA replication video with nearly the same script but added detail and improved art! See table of contents by expanding details.
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:11 Why do you need DNA replication?
0:27 Where and when?
1:12 Introducing key player enzymes
2:48 Initial steps of DNA Replication
4:04 Explaining 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
5:09 Showing leading and lagging strands in DNA replication
Video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Factual Reference:
OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected].
***Further Reading Suggestions***
-More info about ...
published: 28 Jun 2019
DNA Polymerase in Prokaryotes and their mechanism of action( DNA Pol I ,DNA Pol II and DNA Pol III)
this video describes the reaction mechanism of DNA polymerase in bacteria
published: 16 Feb 2020
DNA Polymerase
Copyright: Garland Science
06 1 DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase faithfully replicates DNA by using the nucleotide sequence of the template strand, colored yellow, to select each new nucleotide to be added to the 3' end of a growing strand, colored gray. In this animation, the different domains of DNA polymerase are colored differently. Before a nucleotide can be incorporated into DNA at the 3' end of the growing strand, the blue finger domain of the polymerase moves inward to correctly position the nucleoside triphosphate. A pyrophosphate group is released when each nucleotide is added. In this view, the details of nucleotide selection at the active site are shown with the incoming nucleoside triphosphate and the template nucleotide in light blue. The growing strand is green, and the templa...
Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase
Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase. What are the main DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
For Notes, flashcards, daily quizzes, and practice questions follow
Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/animatedbiologywitharpan/
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Link to my other channel - Lets crack bio exams https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4IpyopsGWSjaPACNTZLuqg
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published: 05 Nov 2023
"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
Here are some suggestions for YouTube video titles, tags, and descriptions, along with potential search questions related to DNA for NEET 2025 preparation:
1. "Top 15 DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | DNA Structure & Function"
2. "Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
3. "NEET 2025 DNA Topic Review | Key Questions and Answers"
4. "DNA Replication and Mutation Questions for NEET 2025"
5. "Essential DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | Transcription & Translation Explained"
NEET 2025 preparation
DNA questions NEET
DNA structure and function
DNA replication NEET
genetic code NEET
NEET biology revision
molecular biology NEET
DNA transcription and translation
DNA mutations NEET
recombinant DNA technology NEET
YouTube Search Quest...
published: 26 Jun 2024
DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10
Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
References:
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397
http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/dna-replication-steps.html
http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php
http://salamandercandy.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/how-much-dna/
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html
http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/dna.pioneer.excerpt.htm
http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm
1...
Visualisation of DNA polymerase enzyme copying mechanism.
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology, available free from iBook St...
Visualisation of DNA polymerase enzyme copying mechanism.
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology, available free from iBook Store
Visualisation of DNA polymerase enzyme copying mechanism.
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology, available free from iBook Store
This 3D animation shows you how DNA is copied in a cell. It shows how both strands of the DNA helix are unzipped and copied to produce two identical DNA molecul...
This 3D animation shows you how DNA is copied in a cell. It shows how both strands of the DNA helix are unzipped and copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
To download the subtitles (.srt) for this video, please use the following link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1CbdfY31ykoZlhrcXUtcVIyNEU/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0--VxJZWBrWoXLJUPbQ8cttg
For more information, download the video, and explore related resources on our site: http://www.yourgenome.org/video/dna-replication
---
Animated by Polymime Animation Company Ltd.
http://www.polymime.com
http://www.instagram.com/polymimestudio
This 3D animation shows you how DNA is copied in a cell. It shows how both strands of the DNA helix are unzipped and copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
To download the subtitles (.srt) for this video, please use the following link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1CbdfY31ykoZlhrcXUtcVIyNEU/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0--VxJZWBrWoXLJUPbQ8cttg
For more information, download the video, and explore related resources on our site: http://www.yourgenome.org/video/dna-replication
---
Animated by Polymime Animation Company Ltd.
http://www.polymime.com
http://www.instagram.com/polymimestudio
This video explains how DNA Polymerase works. It explains the direction of replication of DNA polymerase and it explains what is required for DNA polymerase to ...
This video explains how DNA Polymerase works. It explains the direction of replication of DNA polymerase and it explains what is required for DNA polymerase to work.
Support us!: https://www.patreon.com/learningsimply
Twitter: https://twitter.com/learningsimplyv
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/learningsimply/
This video explains how DNA Polymerase works. It explains the direction of replication of DNA polymerase and it explains what is required for DNA polymerase to work.
Support us!: https://www.patreon.com/learningsimply
Twitter: https://twitter.com/learningsimplyv
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/learningsimply/
Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA ...
Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA replication video with nearly the same script but added detail and improved art! See table of contents by expanding details.
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:11 Why do you need DNA replication?
0:27 Where and when?
1:12 Introducing key player enzymes
2:48 Initial steps of DNA Replication
4:04 Explaining 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
5:09 Showing leading and lagging strands in DNA replication
Video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Factual Reference:
OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected].
***Further Reading Suggestions***
-More info about prokaryote vs. eukaryote DNA Replication? (Which video doesn't go into) Check out the bottom of this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax testbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:2l3nsfJK@5/DNA-Replication-in-Eukaryotes
-More detail about DNA replication, including the different types of polymerase? Check out this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax textbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:NEk9ll-3@8/DNA-Replication-in-Prokaryotes
-Check out this science paper that details how cancer drugs can work to stop DNA replication in cancer cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797825/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources:
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Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q and Amoeba Sisters em Português https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYTQPX2X_mXe0ZMPi0fXxbg
Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA replication video with nearly the same script but added detail and improved art! See table of contents by expanding details.
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:11 Why do you need DNA replication?
0:27 Where and when?
1:12 Introducing key player enzymes
2:48 Initial steps of DNA Replication
4:04 Explaining 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
5:09 Showing leading and lagging strands in DNA replication
Video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Factual Reference:
OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected].
***Further Reading Suggestions***
-More info about prokaryote vs. eukaryote DNA Replication? (Which video doesn't go into) Check out the bottom of this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax testbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:2l3nsfJK@5/DNA-Replication-in-Eukaryotes
-More detail about DNA replication, including the different types of polymerase? Check out this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax textbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:NEk9ll-3@8/DNA-Replication-in-Prokaryotes
-Check out this science paper that details how cancer drugs can work to stop DNA replication in cancer cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797825/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing
Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us
Our Resources:
Biology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured
Connect with us!
Website: http://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters
Tumblr: http://www.amoebasisters.tumblr.com
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSisters
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/
Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store
TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:
Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo
MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music?feature=blog
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q and Amoeba Sisters em Português https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYTQPX2X_mXe0ZMPi0fXxbg
Copyright: Garland Science
06 1 DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase faithfully replicates DNA by using the nucleotide sequence of the template strand, colored yellow...
Copyright: Garland Science
06 1 DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase faithfully replicates DNA by using the nucleotide sequence of the template strand, colored yellow, to select each new nucleotide to be added to the 3' end of a growing strand, colored gray. In this animation, the different domains of DNA polymerase are colored differently. Before a nucleotide can be incorporated into DNA at the 3' end of the growing strand, the blue finger domain of the polymerase moves inward to correctly position the nucleoside triphosphate. A pyrophosphate group is released when each nucleotide is added. In this view, the details of nucleotide selection at the active site are shown with the incoming nucleoside triphosphate and the template nucleotide in light blue. The growing strand is green, and the template strand is red. When the finger domain moves inward, the nucleoside triphosphate is tested for its ability to form a proper base pair with the template nucleotide. When a base pair forms, the active site residues catalyze the covalent addition of the new nucleotide to the 3' hydroxyl group on the growing strand, and the entire process repeats at speeds up to 500 nucleotides per second. On rare occasions, approximately once every 10,000 nucleotide additions, the polymerase makes an error and incorporates a nucleotide that does not form a proper base pair onto the end of the growing strand. When this occurs, the polymerase changes conformation, and transfers the end of the growing strand to a second active site on the polymerase, where the erroneous, added nucleotide is removed. The polymerase then flips back to its original conformation, allowing polymerization to continue. As a result, such a selfcorrecting DNA polymerase will make a mistake only about once every 107 to 108 nucleotide pairs.
Copyright: Garland Science
06 1 DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase faithfully replicates DNA by using the nucleotide sequence of the template strand, colored yellow, to select each new nucleotide to be added to the 3' end of a growing strand, colored gray. In this animation, the different domains of DNA polymerase are colored differently. Before a nucleotide can be incorporated into DNA at the 3' end of the growing strand, the blue finger domain of the polymerase moves inward to correctly position the nucleoside triphosphate. A pyrophosphate group is released when each nucleotide is added. In this view, the details of nucleotide selection at the active site are shown with the incoming nucleoside triphosphate and the template nucleotide in light blue. The growing strand is green, and the template strand is red. When the finger domain moves inward, the nucleoside triphosphate is tested for its ability to form a proper base pair with the template nucleotide. When a base pair forms, the active site residues catalyze the covalent addition of the new nucleotide to the 3' hydroxyl group on the growing strand, and the entire process repeats at speeds up to 500 nucleotides per second. On rare occasions, approximately once every 10,000 nucleotide additions, the polymerase makes an error and incorporates a nucleotide that does not form a proper base pair onto the end of the growing strand. When this occurs, the polymerase changes conformation, and transfers the end of the growing strand to a second active site on the polymerase, where the erroneous, added nucleotide is removed. The polymerase then flips back to its original conformation, allowing polymerization to continue. As a result, such a selfcorrecting DNA polymerase will make a mistake only about once every 107 to 108 nucleotide pairs.
Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase. What are the main DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
For Notes, flashcards, ...
Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase. What are the main DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
For Notes, flashcards, daily quizzes, and practice questions follow
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Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase. What are the main DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
For Notes, flashcards, daily quizzes, and practice questions follow
Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/animatedbiologywitharpan/
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Twitter : https://twitter.com/arpan_parichha?la...
Link to my other channel - Lets crack bio exams https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4IpyopsGWSjaPACNTZLuqg
The Nerd Medic YouTube channel:
Youtube: https://youtube.com/c/TheNerdMedic00
Instagram: https://instagram.com/ayan_parichha00...
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/poetsoflens/
For Physics part of bio exams - Physics for IIT JAM biotechnology
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJvSHjOoL2FDN85hQbu7vfw
#animated_biology #animated_biology_with_arpan #biology #bio_facts #CSIR_NET #IIT_JAM #IIT_JAM_BT #biotechnology #bioscience #biological_sciences #microbiology #genetics #zoology #molecular_biology #cell_biology #botany #immunology #ecology
"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
Here are some suggestions for YouTube video titles, tags, and descriptions, along with potential search...
"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
Here are some suggestions for YouTube video titles, tags, and descriptions, along with potential search questions related to DNA for NEET 2025 preparation:
1. "Top 15 DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | DNA Structure & Function"
2. "Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
3. "NEET 2025 DNA Topic Review | Key Questions and Answers"
4. "DNA Replication and Mutation Questions for NEET 2025"
5. "Essential DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | Transcription & Translation Explained"
NEET 2025 preparation
DNA questions NEET
DNA structure and function
DNA replication NEET
genetic code NEET
NEET biology revision
molecular biology NEET
DNA transcription and translation
DNA mutations NEET
recombinant DNA technology NEET
YouTube Search Questions
1. "What is the structure of DNA according to Watson and Crick?"
2. "What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?"
3. "What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?"
4. "Explain the significance of the semi-conservative model of DNA replication."
5. "What is a point mutation and give an example?"
6. "Describe the process of transcription in DNA."
7. "What is the function of tRNA during translation?"
8. "What are Okazaki fragments and where are they found?"
9. "Define the term 'genetic code' and its characteristics."
10. "What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?"
11. "Explain the function of DNA ligase."
12. "What is a plasmid and why is it used in genetic engineering?"
13. "Describe the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin."
14. "What is the Lac operon and how does it regulate gene expression in prokaryotes?"
15. "How does DNA methylation affect gene expression?"
Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision
#NEET2025
#DNARevision
#BiologyStudy
#ExamPrep
#Genetics
#NEETBiology
#neetExam Revision
#DNAConcepts
#QuickReview
"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
Here are some suggestions for YouTube video titles, tags, and descriptions, along with potential search questions related to DNA for NEET 2025 preparation:
1. "Top 15 DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | DNA Structure & Function"
2. "Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
3. "NEET 2025 DNA Topic Review | Key Questions and Answers"
4. "DNA Replication and Mutation Questions for NEET 2025"
5. "Essential DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | Transcription & Translation Explained"
NEET 2025 preparation
DNA questions NEET
DNA structure and function
DNA replication NEET
genetic code NEET
NEET biology revision
molecular biology NEET
DNA transcription and translation
DNA mutations NEET
recombinant DNA technology NEET
YouTube Search Questions
1. "What is the structure of DNA according to Watson and Crick?"
2. "What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?"
3. "What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?"
4. "Explain the significance of the semi-conservative model of DNA replication."
5. "What is a point mutation and give an example?"
6. "Describe the process of transcription in DNA."
7. "What is the function of tRNA during translation?"
8. "What are Okazaki fragments and where are they found?"
9. "Define the term 'genetic code' and its characteristics."
10. "What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?"
11. "Explain the function of DNA ligase."
12. "What is a plasmid and why is it used in genetic engineering?"
13. "Describe the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin."
14. "What is the Lac operon and how does it regulate gene expression in prokaryotes?"
15. "How does DNA methylation affect gene expression?"
Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision
#NEET2025
#DNARevision
#BiologyStudy
#ExamPrep
#Genetics
#NEETBiology
#neetExam Revision
#DNAConcepts
#QuickReview
Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
References:
http:...
Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
References:
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397
http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/dna-replication-steps.html
http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php
http://salamandercandy.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/how-much-dna/
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html
http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/dna.pioneer.excerpt.htm
http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm
1:41 link to Biological Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0
Table of Contents:
1) Nucleic Acids 1:30
2) DNA
-A) Polymers 1:53
-B) Three Ingredients 2:12
-C) Base Pairs 3:45
-D) Base Sequences 4:13
3) Pop Quiz 5:07
4) RNA 5:36
-A) Three Differences from DNA 5:43
5) Biolography 6:16
6) Replication 8:49
-A) Helicase and Unzipping 9:22
-B) Leading Strand 9:38
-C) DNA Polymerase 10:08
-D) RNA Primase 10:24
-E) Lagging Strand 10:46
-F) Okazaki Fragments 11:07
-F) DNA Ligase 11:47
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
References:
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397
http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/dna-replication-steps.html
http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php
http://salamandercandy.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/how-much-dna/
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html
http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/dna.pioneer.excerpt.htm
http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm
1:41 link to Biological Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0
Table of Contents:
1) Nucleic Acids 1:30
2) DNA
-A) Polymers 1:53
-B) Three Ingredients 2:12
-C) Base Pairs 3:45
-D) Base Sequences 4:13
3) Pop Quiz 5:07
4) RNA 5:36
-A) Three Differences from DNA 5:43
5) Biolography 6:16
6) Replication 8:49
-A) Helicase and Unzipping 9:22
-B) Leading Strand 9:38
-C) DNA Polymerase 10:08
-D) RNA Primase 10:24
-E) Lagging Strand 10:46
-F) Okazaki Fragments 11:07
-F) DNA Ligase 11:47
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
Visualisation of DNA polymerase enzyme copying mechanism.
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology, available free from iBook Store
This 3D animation shows you how DNA is copied in a cell. It shows how both strands of the DNA helix are unzipped and copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
To download the subtitles (.srt) for this video, please use the following link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1CbdfY31ykoZlhrcXUtcVIyNEU/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0--VxJZWBrWoXLJUPbQ8cttg
For more information, download the video, and explore related resources on our site: http://www.yourgenome.org/video/dna-replication
---
Animated by Polymime Animation Company Ltd.
http://www.polymime.com
http://www.instagram.com/polymimestudio
This video explains how DNA Polymerase works. It explains the direction of replication of DNA polymerase and it explains what is required for DNA polymerase to work.
Support us!: https://www.patreon.com/learningsimply
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Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA replication video with nearly the same script but added detail and improved art! See table of contents by expanding details.
Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:11 Why do you need DNA replication?
0:27 Where and when?
1:12 Introducing key player enzymes
2:48 Initial steps of DNA Replication
4:04 Explaining 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
5:09 Showing leading and lagging strands in DNA replication
Video has a handout here: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Factual Reference:
OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. May 8, 2019 http://cnx.org/contents/[email protected].
***Further Reading Suggestions***
-More info about prokaryote vs. eukaryote DNA Replication? (Which video doesn't go into) Check out the bottom of this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax testbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:2l3nsfJK@5/DNA-Replication-in-Eukaryotes
-More detail about DNA replication, including the different types of polymerase? Check out this page of the peer-reviewed, FREE OpenStax textbook: https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:NEk9ll-3@8/DNA-Replication-in-Prokaryotes
-Check out this science paper that details how cancer drugs can work to stop DNA replication in cancer cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797825/
The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
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Hindi Subtitles Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
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Copyright: Garland Science
06 1 DNA Polymerase
DNA polymerase faithfully replicates DNA by using the nucleotide sequence of the template strand, colored yellow, to select each new nucleotide to be added to the 3' end of a growing strand, colored gray. In this animation, the different domains of DNA polymerase are colored differently. Before a nucleotide can be incorporated into DNA at the 3' end of the growing strand, the blue finger domain of the polymerase moves inward to correctly position the nucleoside triphosphate. A pyrophosphate group is released when each nucleotide is added. In this view, the details of nucleotide selection at the active site are shown with the incoming nucleoside triphosphate and the template nucleotide in light blue. The growing strand is green, and the template strand is red. When the finger domain moves inward, the nucleoside triphosphate is tested for its ability to form a proper base pair with the template nucleotide. When a base pair forms, the active site residues catalyze the covalent addition of the new nucleotide to the 3' hydroxyl group on the growing strand, and the entire process repeats at speeds up to 500 nucleotides per second. On rare occasions, approximately once every 10,000 nucleotide additions, the polymerase makes an error and incorporates a nucleotide that does not form a proper base pair onto the end of the growing strand. When this occurs, the polymerase changes conformation, and transfers the end of the growing strand to a second active site on the polymerase, where the erroneous, added nucleotide is removed. The polymerase then flips back to its original conformation, allowing polymerization to continue. As a result, such a selfcorrecting DNA polymerase will make a mistake only about once every 107 to 108 nucleotide pairs.
Enzymes in DNA replication | Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA polymerase. What are the main DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
For Notes, flashcards, daily quizzes, and practice questions follow
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"Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
Here are some suggestions for YouTube video titles, tags, and descriptions, along with potential search questions related to DNA for NEET 2025 preparation:
1. "Top 15 DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | DNA Structure & Function"
2. "Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision"
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4. "DNA Replication and Mutation Questions for NEET 2025"
5. "Essential DNA Questions for NEET 2025 | Transcription & Translation Explained"
NEET 2025 preparation
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genetic code NEET
NEET biology revision
molecular biology NEET
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recombinant DNA technology NEET
YouTube Search Questions
1. "What is the structure of DNA according to Watson and Crick?"
2. "What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?"
3. "What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?"
4. "Explain the significance of the semi-conservative model of DNA replication."
5. "What is a point mutation and give an example?"
6. "Describe the process of transcription in DNA."
7. "What is the function of tRNA during translation?"
8. "What are Okazaki fragments and where are they found?"
9. "Define the term 'genetic code' and its characteristics."
10. "What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?"
11. "Explain the function of DNA ligase."
12. "What is a plasmid and why is it used in genetic engineering?"
13. "Describe the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin."
14. "What is the Lac operon and how does it regulate gene expression in prokaryotes?"
15. "How does DNA methylation affect gene expression?"
Must-Know DNA Concepts for NEET 2025 | Quick Revision
#NEET2025
#DNARevision
#BiologyStudy
#ExamPrep
#Genetics
#NEETBiology
#neetExam Revision
#DNAConcepts
#QuickReview
Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
References:
http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397
http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/dna-replication-steps.html
http://www.dnareplication.info/stepsofdnareplication.php
http://salamandercandy.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/how-much-dna/
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/franklin.html
http://www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/dna.pioneer.excerpt.htm
http://www.strangescience.net/rfranklin.htm
1:41 link to Biological Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0
Table of Contents:
1) Nucleic Acids 1:30
2) DNA
-A) Polymers 1:53
-B) Three Ingredients 2:12
-C) Base Pairs 3:45
-D) Base Sequences 4:13
3) Pop Quiz 5:07
4) RNA 5:36
-A) Three Differences from DNA 5:43
5) Biolography 6:16
6) Replication 8:49
-A) Helicase and Unzipping 9:22
-B) Leading Strand 9:38
-C) DNA Polymerase 10:08
-D) RNA Primase 10:24
-E) Lagging Strand 10:46
-F) Okazaki Fragments 11:07
-F) DNA Ligase 11:47
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNAmolecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.
Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.
Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double-stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.
History
In 1956, Arthur Kornberg and colleagues discovered the enzyme DNA polymerase I, also known as Pol I, in Escherichia coli. They described the DNA replication process by which DNA polymerase copies the base sequence of a template DNA strand. Subsequently, in 1959, Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.DNA polymerase II was also discovered by Kornberg and Malcolm E. Gefter in 1970 while further elucidating the role of Pol I in E. coli DNA replication.