In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function(s) as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The analysis of constituent structure is associated mainly with phrase structure grammars, although dependency grammars also allow sentence structure to be broken down into constituent parts. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using constituency tests. These tests manipulate some portion of a sentence and based on the result, clues are delivered about the immediate constituent structure of the sentence. Many constituents are phrases. A phrase is a sequence of two or more words built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. A word sequence is shown to be a phrase/constituent if it exhibits one or more of the behaviors discussed below.
Constituency tests
Constituency tests are diagnostics used to identify the constituent structure of sentences. There are numerous constituency tests applied to English sentences, many of which are listed here: 1. topicalization (fronting), 2. clefting, 3. pseudoclefting, 4. pro-form substitution (replacement), 5. answer ellipsis (question test), 6. passivization, 7. omission (deletion), 8. coordination, etc. These tests are rough-and-ready tools which grammarians employ to reveal clues about syntactic structure. A word of caution is warranted when employing these tests, since they often deliver contradictory results. Some syntacticians even arrange the tests on a scale of reliability, with less-reliable tests treated as useful to confirm constituency though not sufficient on their own. Failing to pass a single test does not mean that the unit is not a constituent, and conversely, passing a single test does not mean necessarily that the unit is a constituent. It is best to apply as many tests as possible to a given unit in order to prove or to rule out its status as a constituent.
The term grammar is often used by non-linguists with a very broad meaning. As Jeremy Butterfield puts it, "Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to." However, linguists use it in a much more specific sense. Speakers of a language have a set of internalised rules for using that language. This is grammar, and the vast majority of the information in it is acquired—at least in the case of one's native language—not by conscious study or instruction, but by observing other speakers; much of this work is done during early childhood. Learning a language later in life usually involves a greater degree of explicit instruction.
A grammar, a style guide prescribing how to properly write and speak a natural language
A formal grammar in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science: a set of production rules for character strings in a constructed formal language (e.g. a programming language)
In formal language theory, a grammar (when the context is not given, often called a formal grammar for clarity) is a set of production rules for strings in a formal language. The rules describe how to form strings from the language's alphabet that are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form.
A formal grammar is a set of rules for rewriting strings, along with a "start symbol" from which rewriting starts. Therefore, a grammar is usually thought of as a language generator. However, it can also sometimes be used as the basis for a "recognizer"—a function in computing that determines whether a given string belongs to the language or is grammatically incorrect. To describe such recognizers, formal language theory uses separate formalisms, known as automata theory. One of the interesting results of automata theory is that it is not possible to design a recognizer for certain formal languages.Parsing is the process of recognizing an utterance (a string in natural languages) by breaking it down to a set of symbols and analyzing each one against the grammar of the language. Most languages have the meanings of their utterances structured according to their syntax—a practice known as compositional semantics. As a result, the first step to describing the meaning of an utterance in language is to break it down part by part and look at its analyzed form (known as its parse tree in computer science, and as its deep structure in generative grammar).
Let’s get familiar with the concept of constituency before we learn how to identify the constituents. This video will do the former :)
You can support my work by doing any (combination) or all of the following:
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• Make a PayPal donation to [email protected].
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COPYRIGHT: Royalty-free
Sound: https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary (including ‘Game Plan’ by Bad Snacks; ‘Venetian’ by Density & Time; ‘Lost Time’ by Eveningland).
(Some) Pictures: https://pixabay.com/
published: 15 Jul 2020
[Syntax] Constituents
We introduce constituents and constituency tests, such as the replacement test, do so test, movement test, and sentence fragment test.
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#Linguistics #Syntax #Language
*--Playlists--*
Introduction to Linguistics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6Ah0e9VYg6ejkS4jRLKB2b2J
Syntax: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgiXk85UJB8YPrerW2TdlkF
Phonology: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgLNAUciMwghUMteTtDiDkx
*--Recommended Textbooks--*
Syntax: A Generative Introduction: https://amzn.to/3m2GUb7
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach:...
published: 27 Apr 2017
Immediate Constituent Analysis and Structural Ambiguity
published: 27 Dec 2016
Generative Syntax 1.2: On Constituency
Prof Caroline Heycock shows how sentences are more than just strings of words.
The class uses the free online textbook “Syntax of Natural Language” by Santorini and Kroch at http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/.
CC BY-NC-SA (3.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
published: 29 Jun 2015
SYNTAX-5: Constituency Tests
published: 23 Sep 2017
Constituents| Constituents in Syntax and Grammar in Urdu and Hindi| Immediate Constituents Analysis.
#constituent
#constituentexamples
#immediateconstituentanalysis
Hello Guys
This video is about
1) Constituents Definition in Syntax and Grammar
2) Examples of Constituents
3) Immediate Constituent Analysis
4) Literary Analysis of Constituents
Here's the link to "Oblique Object in English Grammar"
https://youtu.be/hCC-g6RRnc8
Here's the link to "Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley"
https://youtu.be/owcXr7zcQHk
Here's the link to "Jefferson Transcription System"
https://youtu.be/j6yUWJopS90
________ ✓My Other YouTube Channel ✓______
https://youtube.com/channel/UCkhpGxWt5O6wqlhUxugTigA
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published: 19 Sep 2022
Grammatical constituent | meaning of Grammatical constituent
Syntax | Immediate Constituent Analysis | HSA English Examination
This video discusses what syntax is and deals with an important syntactic analysis called Immediate Constituent Analysis or IC Analysis. This video will be useful for your preparation in your PG and all competitive examinations for English.
Playlist for Linguistics and Phonetics: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ADzD5UIU_Xx6SOzo3hkyQ73
Playlist for Parts of Speech: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ABr1S0gW9nf4_scco7-58ts
___________________________________________________________________________________
About Ace - The English Hub
Ace - The English Hub is a learning platform for students of English. Our current focus is on the undergraduate courses of the universities of Kerala, India, though any student of English, from anywhere in the world, will find these less...
published: 21 Jan 2021
Constituent Structure
-- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
Let’s get familiar with the concept of constituency before we learn how to identify the constituents. This video will do the former :)
You can support my work ...
Let’s get familiar with the concept of constituency before we learn how to identify the constituents. This video will do the former :)
You can support my work by doing any (combination) or all of the following:
• Like this video.
• Like my Facebook page ‘Aze Linguistics’ and follow me on Instagram (‘azelinguist2’).
• Share the video with others.
• Subscribe to my channel (and bang the bell to be notified of future posts).
• Make a PayPal donation to [email protected].
• Pledge regular donations as low as $1.00 per month on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/AzeLinguistics).
COPYRIGHT: Royalty-free
Sound: https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary (including ‘Game Plan’ by Bad Snacks; ‘Venetian’ by Density & Time; ‘Lost Time’ by Eveningland).
(Some) Pictures: https://pixabay.com/
Let’s get familiar with the concept of constituency before we learn how to identify the constituents. This video will do the former :)
You can support my work by doing any (combination) or all of the following:
• Like this video.
• Like my Facebook page ‘Aze Linguistics’ and follow me on Instagram (‘azelinguist2’).
• Share the video with others.
• Subscribe to my channel (and bang the bell to be notified of future posts).
• Make a PayPal donation to [email protected].
• Pledge regular donations as low as $1.00 per month on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/AzeLinguistics).
COPYRIGHT: Royalty-free
Sound: https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary (including ‘Game Plan’ by Bad Snacks; ‘Venetian’ by Density & Time; ‘Lost Time’ by Eveningland).
(Some) Pictures: https://pixabay.com/
We introduce constituents and constituency tests, such as the replacement test, do so test, movement test, and sentence fragment test.
LIKE AND SHARE THE VIDEO...
We introduce constituents and constituency tests, such as the replacement test, do so test, movement test, and sentence fragment test.
LIKE AND SHARE THE VIDEO IF IT HELPED!
Visit our website: http://bit.ly/1zBPlvm
Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1vWiRxW
Like us on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1vWwDRc
Submit your questions on Reddit: http://bit.ly/1GwZZrP
#Linguistics #Syntax #Language
*--Playlists--*
Introduction to Linguistics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6Ah0e9VYg6ejkS4jRLKB2b2J
Syntax: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgiXk85UJB8YPrerW2TdlkF
Phonology: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgLNAUciMwghUMteTtDiDkx
*--Recommended Textbooks--*
Syntax: A Generative Introduction: https://amzn.to/3m2GUb7
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach: https://amzn.to/37jFeWm
Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics: https://amzn.to/3nYrO89
Contemporary Linguistic Analysis (O'Grady and Archibald): https://amzn.to/2HibGxC
Understanding Phonology: https://amzn.to/2HdQcBM
Understanding Syntax: https://amzn.to/3k7777C
Understanding Morphology: https://amzn.to/3nZuX7G
The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology: https://amzn.to/3lT8kA3
Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.
We introduce constituents and constituency tests, such as the replacement test, do so test, movement test, and sentence fragment test.
LIKE AND SHARE THE VIDEO IF IT HELPED!
Visit our website: http://bit.ly/1zBPlvm
Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1vWiRxW
Like us on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1vWwDRc
Submit your questions on Reddit: http://bit.ly/1GwZZrP
#Linguistics #Syntax #Language
*--Playlists--*
Introduction to Linguistics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6Ah0e9VYg6ejkS4jRLKB2b2J
Syntax: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgiXk85UJB8YPrerW2TdlkF
Phonology: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgLNAUciMwghUMteTtDiDkx
*--Recommended Textbooks--*
Syntax: A Generative Introduction: https://amzn.to/3m2GUb7
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach: https://amzn.to/37jFeWm
Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics: https://amzn.to/3nYrO89
Contemporary Linguistic Analysis (O'Grady and Archibald): https://amzn.to/2HibGxC
Understanding Phonology: https://amzn.to/2HdQcBM
Understanding Syntax: https://amzn.to/3k7777C
Understanding Morphology: https://amzn.to/3nZuX7G
The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology: https://amzn.to/3lT8kA3
Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.
Prof Caroline Heycock shows how sentences are more than just strings of words.
The class uses the free online textbook “Syntax of Natural Language” by Santori...
Prof Caroline Heycock shows how sentences are more than just strings of words.
The class uses the free online textbook “Syntax of Natural Language” by Santorini and Kroch at http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/.
CC BY-NC-SA (3.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Prof Caroline Heycock shows how sentences are more than just strings of words.
The class uses the free online textbook “Syntax of Natural Language” by Santorini and Kroch at http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/.
CC BY-NC-SA (3.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
#constituent
#constituentexamples
#immediateconstituentanalysis
Hello Guys
This video is about
1) Constituents Definition in Syntax and Grammar
2) Examples...
#constituent
#constituentexamples
#immediateconstituentanalysis
Hello Guys
This video is about
1) Constituents Definition in Syntax and Grammar
2) Examples of Constituents
3) Immediate Constituent Analysis
4) Literary Analysis of Constituents
Here's the link to "Oblique Object in English Grammar"
https://youtu.be/hCC-g6RRnc8
Here's the link to "Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley"
https://youtu.be/owcXr7zcQHk
Here's the link to "Jefferson Transcription System"
https://youtu.be/j6yUWJopS90
________ ✓My Other YouTube Channel ✓______
https://youtube.com/channel/UCkhpGxWt5O6wqlhUxugTigA
_______✓Social Links✓______ https://www.facebook.com/groups/270333928036500/?ref=share_group_link
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063465619464
#constituent
#constituentexamples
#immediateconstituentanalysis
Hello Guys
This video is about
1) Constituents Definition in Syntax and Grammar
2) Examples of Constituents
3) Immediate Constituent Analysis
4) Literary Analysis of Constituents
Here's the link to "Oblique Object in English Grammar"
https://youtu.be/hCC-g6RRnc8
Here's the link to "Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley"
https://youtu.be/owcXr7zcQHk
Here's the link to "Jefferson Transcription System"
https://youtu.be/j6yUWJopS90
________ ✓My Other YouTube Channel ✓______
https://youtube.com/channel/UCkhpGxWt5O6wqlhUxugTigA
_______✓Social Links✓______ https://www.facebook.com/groups/270333928036500/?ref=share_group_link
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063465619464
This video discusses what syntax is and deals with an important syntactic analysis called Immediate Constituent Analysis or IC Analysis. This video will be usef...
This video discusses what syntax is and deals with an important syntactic analysis called Immediate Constituent Analysis or IC Analysis. This video will be useful for your preparation in your PG and all competitive examinations for English.
Playlist for Linguistics and Phonetics: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ADzD5UIU_Xx6SOzo3hkyQ73
Playlist for Parts of Speech: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ABr1S0gW9nf4_scco7-58ts
___________________________________________________________________________________
About Ace - The English Hub
Ace - The English Hub is a learning platform for students of English. Our current focus is on the undergraduate courses of the universities of Kerala, India, though any student of English, from anywhere in the world, will find these lessons useful. Candidates preparing for competitive examinations where the English language is a requirement will also find practical guidance here.
We provide students with short video lessons, picture lessons, quizzes, and explanatory notes which help students in enhancing their understanding of the subject. We aim to enable students to be independent and responsible learners; while making learning an enjoyable process. Stay tuned for your bite-sized lessons - chew on, and relish!
___________________________________________________________________________________
Find all our materials on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/acetheenglishhub
This video discusses what syntax is and deals with an important syntactic analysis called Immediate Constituent Analysis or IC Analysis. This video will be useful for your preparation in your PG and all competitive examinations for English.
Playlist for Linguistics and Phonetics: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ADzD5UIU_Xx6SOzo3hkyQ73
Playlist for Parts of Speech: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ABr1S0gW9nf4_scco7-58ts
___________________________________________________________________________________
About Ace - The English Hub
Ace - The English Hub is a learning platform for students of English. Our current focus is on the undergraduate courses of the universities of Kerala, India, though any student of English, from anywhere in the world, will find these lessons useful. Candidates preparing for competitive examinations where the English language is a requirement will also find practical guidance here.
We provide students with short video lessons, picture lessons, quizzes, and explanatory notes which help students in enhancing their understanding of the subject. We aim to enable students to be independent and responsible learners; while making learning an enjoyable process. Stay tuned for your bite-sized lessons - chew on, and relish!
___________________________________________________________________________________
Find all our materials on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/acetheenglishhub
-- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free to...
-- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
-- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
Let’s get familiar with the concept of constituency before we learn how to identify the constituents. This video will do the former :)
You can support my work by doing any (combination) or all of the following:
• Like this video.
• Like my Facebook page ‘Aze Linguistics’ and follow me on Instagram (‘azelinguist2’).
• Share the video with others.
• Subscribe to my channel (and bang the bell to be notified of future posts).
• Make a PayPal donation to [email protected].
• Pledge regular donations as low as $1.00 per month on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/AzeLinguistics).
COPYRIGHT: Royalty-free
Sound: https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary (including ‘Game Plan’ by Bad Snacks; ‘Venetian’ by Density & Time; ‘Lost Time’ by Eveningland).
(Some) Pictures: https://pixabay.com/
We introduce constituents and constituency tests, such as the replacement test, do so test, movement test, and sentence fragment test.
LIKE AND SHARE THE VIDEO IF IT HELPED!
Visit our website: http://bit.ly/1zBPlvm
Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1vWiRxW
Like us on Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1vWwDRc
Submit your questions on Reddit: http://bit.ly/1GwZZrP
#Linguistics #Syntax #Language
*--Playlists--*
Introduction to Linguistics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6Ah0e9VYg6ejkS4jRLKB2b2J
Syntax: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgiXk85UJB8YPrerW2TdlkF
Phonology: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDDGPdw7e6AgLNAUciMwghUMteTtDiDkx
*--Recommended Textbooks--*
Syntax: A Generative Introduction: https://amzn.to/3m2GUb7
Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach: https://amzn.to/37jFeWm
Language Files: Materials for an Introduction to Language and Linguistics: https://amzn.to/3nYrO89
Contemporary Linguistic Analysis (O'Grady and Archibald): https://amzn.to/2HibGxC
Understanding Phonology: https://amzn.to/2HdQcBM
Understanding Syntax: https://amzn.to/3k7777C
Understanding Morphology: https://amzn.to/3nZuX7G
The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology: https://amzn.to/3lT8kA3
Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.
Prof Caroline Heycock shows how sentences are more than just strings of words.
The class uses the free online textbook “Syntax of Natural Language” by Santorini and Kroch at http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/.
CC BY-NC-SA (3.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
#constituent
#constituentexamples
#immediateconstituentanalysis
Hello Guys
This video is about
1) Constituents Definition in Syntax and Grammar
2) Examples of Constituents
3) Immediate Constituent Analysis
4) Literary Analysis of Constituents
Here's the link to "Oblique Object in English Grammar"
https://youtu.be/hCC-g6RRnc8
Here's the link to "Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley"
https://youtu.be/owcXr7zcQHk
Here's the link to "Jefferson Transcription System"
https://youtu.be/j6yUWJopS90
________ ✓My Other YouTube Channel ✓______
https://youtube.com/channel/UCkhpGxWt5O6wqlhUxugTigA
_______✓Social Links✓______ https://www.facebook.com/groups/270333928036500/?ref=share_group_link
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063465619464
This video discusses what syntax is and deals with an important syntactic analysis called Immediate Constituent Analysis or IC Analysis. This video will be useful for your preparation in your PG and all competitive examinations for English.
Playlist for Linguistics and Phonetics: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ADzD5UIU_Xx6SOzo3hkyQ73
Playlist for Parts of Speech: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpN1RkH_-0ABr1S0gW9nf4_scco7-58ts
___________________________________________________________________________________
About Ace - The English Hub
Ace - The English Hub is a learning platform for students of English. Our current focus is on the undergraduate courses of the universities of Kerala, India, though any student of English, from anywhere in the world, will find these lessons useful. Candidates preparing for competitive examinations where the English language is a requirement will also find practical guidance here.
We provide students with short video lessons, picture lessons, quizzes, and explanatory notes which help students in enhancing their understanding of the subject. We aim to enable students to be independent and responsible learners; while making learning an enjoyable process. Stay tuned for your bite-sized lessons - chew on, and relish!
___________________________________________________________________________________
Find all our materials on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/acetheenglishhub
-- Created using Powtoon -- Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/youtube/ -- Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon's animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function(s) as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The analysis of constituent structure is associated mainly with phrase structure grammars, although dependency grammars also allow sentence structure to be broken down into constituent parts. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using constituency tests. These tests manipulate some portion of a sentence and based on the result, clues are delivered about the immediate constituent structure of the sentence. Many constituents are phrases. A phrase is a sequence of two or more words built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. A word sequence is shown to be a phrase/constituent if it exhibits one or more of the behaviors discussed below.
Constituency tests
Constituency tests are diagnostics used to identify the constituent structure of sentences. There are numerous constituency tests applied to English sentences, many of which are listed here: 1. topicalization (fronting), 2. clefting, 3. pseudoclefting, 4. pro-form substitution (replacement), 5. answer ellipsis (question test), 6. passivization, 7. omission (deletion), 8. coordination, etc. These tests are rough-and-ready tools which grammarians employ to reveal clues about syntactic structure. A word of caution is warranted when employing these tests, since they often deliver contradictory results. Some syntacticians even arrange the tests on a scale of reliability, with less-reliable tests treated as useful to confirm constituency though not sufficient on their own. Failing to pass a single test does not mean that the unit is not a constituent, and conversely, passing a single test does not mean necessarily that the unit is a constituent. It is best to apply as many tests as possible to a given unit in order to prove or to rule out its status as a constituent.
In his speech, Powell also quoted extensively from two of his own constituents ... 'I have three children; all of them been through grammar school and two of them are married now, with family.
The coach, with 54 people on board, was carrying pupils from West Kirby all-girls grammar and CaldayGrange all-boys grammar school in Merseyside... If you're a Birkenhead constituent who's been affected, I will do whatever I can to support you.'.
Earlier, Mr Kyerematen met delegates from the Amasaman and Trobu constituencies at St John’s GrammarSchoolPark and later some executives from Bortianor Ngleshie-Amanfro and Obom Demeabra constituencies at the TubaAstro Turf Park.
Congressman Ravenel always expected us to be on time, to be attentive to all requests from constituents, to water the office plants and to have the coffee ready. Proper grammar was important, as he ...
... and you won't find many – if any – MPs who are going to tell existing schools in their constituency that one will now become the local grammar and the rest will send it all their best pupils.
In an interview with LBC, Boris Johnson was asked about the support for setting up new grammar schools among MPs in red wall constituencies.Sponsored ... ... ... .