In current military use, combined operations are operations conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a common strategy, a strategic and operational and sometimes tactical cooperation. Interaction between units and formations of the land, naval and air forces, or the cooperation between military and civilian authorities in peacekeeping or disaster relief operations is known as joint operations or interoperability capability.
Conceptual development
Pre-modern history
The concept of combined operations evolved largely as a result of expeditionary warfare that can be traced to the Sea Peoples. In its basic form it involved raiding coastal regions by land forces arriving from the naval vessels. The raiding tactics were expanded into more complex operations by Alexander the Great who used naval vessels for both troop transporting and logistics in his campaigns. The next exponents of combined operations in the ancient world of the Mediterranean Basin were the Carthaginians who introduced two entirely new dimensions to the use of naval forces by staging not only operations that combined naval and land troops, but also eventuated in combining strategic multi-national forces during the land phase of the operation when Hannibal in his most famous achievement at the outbreak of the Second Punic War marched an army that included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy. Following the example of Carthage, the Romans used combined operations extensively to expand their Empire and influence in the Mediterranean and beyond, including the Roman conquest of Britain, which was not only a temporary expeditionary operation but included long term occupation and Roman settlement of the territories.
Combined Operations Headquarters was a department of the British War Office set up during Second World War to harass the Germans on the European continent by means of raids carried out by use of combined naval and army forces. Admiral of the FleetRoger Keyes was the first director, from 17 July 1940 to 27 October 1941, replaced first by Lord Louis Mountbatten and then Major General Robert Laycock (October 1943 – 1947). The main forces used by Combined Operations were the Commandos.
It comprised background staff whose job was to plan operations and to develop ideas and equipment to harass the enemy in any way possible. It also covered all those who worked with landing craft up to and including the landing ships that were used in the various amphibious operations.
This includes lighting conditions, which present a major challenge for science operations and extravehicular activity (EVA) ... (or both combined!). Astronauts operating around the Lunar South Pole.
The service’s combined space operations center welcomed Godfrey earlier this year — he is the first foreign officer to join the service’s leadership ... Earlier this year, the combined space operations ...
A notable feature of the project is its focus on sustainability, with the plants planned to operate primarily on green energy through a combination of biogas and solar power.
Their operating profit target of more than 3-trillion yen represents a 54% increase on their combined results last year ...Combined, they would become the world’s third-largest auto group by vehicle sales after Toyota and Volkswagen.
27 (Xinhua) -- China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) maintained steady operations in the first ... dollars) in operating revenue, up 1.3 percent from a year earlier.
JuliePalmer, a partner at Begbies Traynor, attributes the rise in financial difficulties to a combination of factors, including escalating operational costs and reduced consumer spending power.
The aging vessel is now tied to operating interests in India and the UAE. Combined with her recent call at a Russian oil port and a poor inspection record, these factors point to her involvement in Russia-linked "dark fleet" operations.
NEW DELHI... “We feel there is a big opportunity in refining sector ... The company operates three refineries in India with combined capacity of 35.3 million tpy ... .
NEW DELHI... “We feel there is a big opportunity in refining sector ... Krishnakumar told Reuters in an interview ... The company operates three refineries in India with combined capacity of 35.3 million tpy ... .
'The Cromarty, Whitelee and West Wales projects represent first-of-a-kind hydrogen contracts in Great Britain and once operational, will have a combined capacity of 31.8MW' ... .
These factors severely impacted its operations, reputation and finances, with some projects stalled and many units incurring losses ... solutions applied in the firm's operations during this time.
The analysis came a day after Shinsegae Group and AlibabaInternational announced a plan to establish a joint venture to combine their strengths for their e-commerce platforms, such as Shinsegae's ...
Even with a revenue from operations of less ... Aayush Wellness, founded in 1989, operates in health and wellness solutions business, focused on offering products that combine wellbeing with innovation.
