- published: 05 Dec 2023
- views: 882
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remove the playlistChinese Characters Of Empress Wu
- remove the playlistChinese Characters Of Empress Wu
Chinese characters of Empress Wu
Chinese characters of Empress Wu, or the Zetian characters (Chinese: 則天文字; pinyin: Zétiān wénzì), are Chinese characters introduced by Empress Wu Zetian, the only reigning female in the history of China, to demonstrate her power. The characters were not created by the Empress herself, but were suggested by an official named Zong Qinke, the son of one of her cousins, in December 689 AD. The number of characters varies between 12, 17, 19, or 30 characters. They were forcibly used by people during her reign but fell into disuse immediately after her death, so they help to determine dates of printed materials.
A few of the surviving characters are preserved in the written histories of Wu Zetian, and a few have found themselves incorporated into modern-day computer standards, classified as either variant or dialect-specific characters.
The form of the characters varies depending on where they are printed. For instance Empress Wu's own name zhào 照 was replaced with 瞾, but is erroneously thought to be 曌, and looking in the Kangxi Dictionary, one finds the description of the former having two 目 ("eye") characters being the proper character rather than the word míng 明 meaning "bright". Another form replaces the 明 above 空 with two 日 characters.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Chinese_characters_of_Empress_Wu
Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian (February 17, 624 – December 16, 705), also known as Wu Zhao, Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, referred to in English as Empress Consort Wu or by the deprecated term "Empress Wu", was a Chinese sovereign who ruled unofficially as Empress and later, officially as Emperor of China (皇帝) during the brief Zhou dynasty (周, 684-705), which interrupted the Tang dynasty (618–690 & 705–907). Wu was the only female emperor of China in more than four millennia.
Wu was the concubine of Emperor Taizong. After his death, she married his successor - his ninth son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's huanghou (皇后, variously translated as "empress", "wife", or "empress consort") in 655, although having considerable political power prior to this. After Gaozong's debilitating stroke in 690, Wu Zetian became administrator of the court, a position equal as emperor, until 705.
The importance to history of Wu Zetian's period of political and military leadership includes the major expansion of the Chinese empire, extending it far beyond its previous territorial limits, deep into Central Asia, and engaging in a series of wars on the Korean peninsula, first allying with Silla against Goguryeo, and then against Silla over occupation of formerly Goguryeo territory. Within China, besides the more direct consequences of her struggle to gain and maintain supreme power, Wu's leadership resulted in important effects regarding social class in Chinese society and in relation to state support for Taoism, Buddhism, education, and literature. Wu Zetian also had a monumental impact upon the statuary of the Longmen Grottoes and the "Wordless Stele" at the Qianling Mausoleum, as well as the construction of some major buildings and bronze castings that no longer survive.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Wu_Zetian
Empress Wu (1984 TV series)
Empress Wu is a 1984 Hong Kong television serial based on the biography of Wu Zetian (Cantonese: Mou Zak-tin), the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of "Empress Regnant", starring Petrina Fung as the titular character. The serial was produced by ATV and was first aired in Hong Kong on ATV Home from 6 August to 28 September 1984.
It was shown with English subtitles in Australia on SBS from 1987 to 1990.
A dubbed English version of the serial was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 in sixty-five weekly 30-minute episodes from 4 October 1987 to 21 January 1989.
Cast
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_(1984_TV_series)
Empress Wu (Zhaolie)
Empress Wu (died 245), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mu (literally "the Just Empress"), was an empress of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. She was the last wife and the only empress of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, and a younger sister of Wu Yi (吳懿). Her father, whose name is not recorded in history, was a friend of Liu Yan, and followed Liu Yan to Yi Province (益州; covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) when Liu Yan was made the governor. Because of the friendship between her father and Liu Yan, she was married to Liu Yan's son Liu Mao (劉瑁). After Liu Mao's death, she did not remarry for some time.
When Liu Bei seized Yi Province from Lady Wu's brother-in-law Liu Zhang in 214, he had been effectively divorced from his wife Lady Sun, the younger sister of Sun Quan. He married Lady Wu. When he claimed for himself the title of the "King of Hanzhong" in 219, he made her his queen consort. After the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 220 (with Emperor Xian's abdication to Cao Pi), Liu Bei claimed for himself the Han imperial title in 221, establishing Shu. Later that year, he made her empress. After his death in 223, his son and successor Liu Shan honoured her as empress dowager. She died in 245. (The Records of the Three Kingdoms is inconsistent in stating whether she, or Liu Shan's mother Lady Gan, was buried with Liu Bei.)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_(Zhaolie)
Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nôm. Collectively, they are known as CJKV characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Chinese_characters
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Empress Wu characters in medieval Chinese manuscripts
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne and established her own dynasty, borrowing the name of the ancient Zhou dynasty. She implemented a number of changes and reforms, many of which were of symbolic nature. Among these was the introduction of new character forms for about 18 characters. These new forms were used during her reign (690-705), but were abolished after she stepped down from the throne and the Tang dynasty was restored. This video is about these peculiar character forms in the Dunhuang manuscripts, showing what they looked like in practice and also that they are not a bullet-proof method to dating manuscripts.
published: 05 Dec 2023 -
Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men - Chinese History - Part 1 - Extra History
📜 Liked Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men? Then check out our sponsor https://www.GiveWell.org/ You can get your donation matched (up to $100) through December 31st, 2022, Right before checkout, just pick YouTube from the “How did you hear about us” dropdown menu, and enter Extra Credits. 👑 Wu Zetian, was a formidable figure in 7th-century China who defied societal norms and ascended from a teenage concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to rule under her own name. This extraordinary woman navigated through the intricate dynamics of the imperial court and played a pivotal role in the Tang Dynasty's golden age. Her administrative reforms and patronage of Buddhism left an indelible mark on China's history. However, her unprecedented rise faced vehement opposition from Confucia...
published: 30 Dec 2023 -
The Astonishing Life Of China's Tyrant Empress | Wu Zetian | Absolute History
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign. As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime. Pr...
published: 18 Jan 2020 -
Empress Wu Zetian: Scandalous Private Life #history #crazyfacts
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
published: 22 Sep 2023 -
A New Look On China's Only Empress: Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to dare to claim the title "Emperor," is undoubtedly the most polarizing figure in the country's history. Wu Zetian has been recognised as a cruel dictator who brought disaster to China since her death 1,300 years ago. But, as a result of amazing new findings, a new image of her reign is emerging. Archaeologists are unearthing a radically different account of China's female Emperor, her abilities, and her kingdom as they study buried tombs, beautiful pagodas, colossal palaces, and precious artefacts from her period. Content licensed by TVF International. Any queries, please contact us at [email protected] Want to watch more docudramas? Click here: https://bit.ly/3ivnDhE
published: 09 Dec 2021 -
Wu Zetian: China's First & Only Female Emperor | Empress Who Ruled The World | Timeline
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from lowly concubine to become the only woman in all Chinese history to dare to take the title “Emperor” Since her death 1,300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign. As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wea...
published: 28 Mar 2019 -
Empress Wu Zetian : Only female Emperor of Imperial China | Chinese History
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
published: 31 Oct 2021 -
Empress Wu Zetian - LIES - Chinese History - Extra History
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mistakes we made and the details we couldn't quite squeeze into our Wu Zetian Series. With questions like, Is it really possible to drown someone in a vat of wine? Why aren't there witches in Chinese culture? And what ended up happening to those Gaozong brothers? Want to watch Sitting Bull #1 right NOW? You can find it on *NEBULA*: https://nebula.tv/videos/extrahistory-sitting-bull-origin-of-a-legend-native-american-history-part-1 "Women Rulers in Imperial China" - Keith McMahon https://kmcmahon.ku.edu/pdf/Women_Rulers_in_Imperial_China_Nan_Nu_15.2_2013.pdf "'Chen gui' and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian," Denis Twitchett https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649871 "Introduction from the Gue...
published: 10 Feb 2024 -
Was China's Only Empress Misunderstood? | Wu Zetian
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such great power, as a monarch whose real achievements and character remain obscured behind layers of obloquy. Her name was Wu Zetian, and in the seventh century A.D. she became the only woman in more than 3,000 years of Chinese history to rule in her own right. Welcome to The World History Channel. With new uploads every week, we break down the biggest stories that have shaped human history. From the dawn of ancient civilisations up to the modern age, these are the stories from our past that matter the most. The World History Channel is in partnership with the History Hit network.
published: 03 Jul 2023 -
Empress Wu Zetian - The Only Female Monarch in the History of China
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), alternatively Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, was the de facto ruler of China, first through her husband the Emperor Gaozong and then through her sons the Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, from 665 to 690. She subsequently became empress regnant of the Zhou dynasty (周) of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She is notable for being the only female monarch in the history of China. Wu was the concubine of Emperor Taizong. After his death, she married his successor—his ninth son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's huanghou (皇后, empress consort, title for the reigning emperor's main consort) in 655, although having considerable political power prior to this. After Gaozong's de...
published: 22 Mar 2021
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10:19
Empress Wu characters in medieval Chinese manuscripts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:19
- Uploaded Date: 05 Dec 2023
- views: 882
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne and established her own dynasty, borrowing the name of the ancient Zhou ...
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne and established her own dynasty, borrowing the name of the ancient Zhou dynasty. She implemented a number of changes and reforms, many of which were of symbolic nature. Among these was the introduction of new character forms for about 18 characters. These new forms were used during her reign (690-705), but were abolished after she stepped down from the throne and the Tang dynasty was restored. This video is about these peculiar character forms in the Dunhuang manuscripts, showing what they looked like in practice and also that they are not a bullet-proof method to dating manuscripts.
https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_Characters_In_Medieval_Chinese_Manuscripts
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne and established her own dynasty, borrowing the name of the ancient Zhou dynasty. She implemented a number of changes and reforms, many of which were of symbolic nature. Among these was the introduction of new character forms for about 18 characters. These new forms were used during her reign (690-705), but were abolished after she stepped down from the throne and the Tang dynasty was restored. This video is about these peculiar character forms in the Dunhuang manuscripts, showing what they looked like in practice and also that they are not a bullet-proof method to dating manuscripts.
10:33
Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men - Chinese History - Part 1 - Extra History
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Uploaded Date: 30 Dec 2023
- views: 552953
📜 Liked Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men? Then check out our sponsor https://www.GiveWell.org/ You can get your donation matched (up to $100) through December ...
📜 Liked Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men? Then check out our sponsor https://www.GiveWell.org/ You can get your donation matched (up to $100) through December 31st, 2022, Right before checkout, just pick YouTube from the “How did you hear about us” dropdown menu, and enter Extra Credits.
👑 Wu Zetian, was a formidable figure in 7th-century China who defied societal norms and ascended from a teenage concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to rule under her own name. This extraordinary woman navigated through the intricate dynamics of the imperial court and played a pivotal role in the Tang Dynasty's golden age. Her administrative reforms and patronage of Buddhism left an indelible mark on China's history. However, her unprecedented rise faced vehement opposition from Confucian scholars, who depicted her as a treacherous manipulator through tales of sex, assassination, and political massacres. Unravel the complexities of Wu Zetian's life, exploring the intrigues of power and challenging biased historical narratives. 👑
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👑 Wu Zetian, was a formidable figure in 7th-century China who defied societal norms and ascended from a teenage concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to rule under her own name. This extraordinary woman navigated through the intricate dynamics of the imperial court and played a pivotal role in the Tang Dynasty's golden age. Her administrative reforms and patronage of Buddhism left an indelible mark on China's history. However, her unprecedented rise faced vehement opposition from Confucian scholars, who depicted her as a treacherous manipulator through tales of sex, assassination, and political massacres. Unravel the complexities of Wu Zetian's life, exploring the intrigues of power and challenging biased historical narratives. 👑
* Watch Extra History ad-free & get 1-week early access on *NEBULA* https://go.nebula.tv/extrahistory
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*Miss an episode in our Wu Zetian Series?*
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Part 2 - https://youtu.be/xmOM-Ng2hKw
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/Ujw7ndmOGPk
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/dd8PXhuU1K8
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/omh_ReMW74M
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/rt1uePpPqCQ
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Ali R Thome I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I ♪ "Across the Pacific" by Tiffany Roman
#ExtraHistory #WuZetian #History
- published: 30 Dec 2023
- views: 552953
48:04
The Astonishing Life Of China's Tyrant Empress | Wu Zetian | Absolute History
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:04
- Uploaded Date: 18 Jan 2020
- views: 3437217
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are rev...
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
Produced by True North. Licensed from TVF International to Little Dot Studios.
Any queries, please contact us at: [email protected]
https://wn.com/The_Astonishing_Life_Of_China's_Tyrant_Empress_|_Wu_Zetian_|_Absolute_History
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
Produced by True North. Licensed from TVF International to Little Dot Studios.
Any queries, please contact us at: [email protected]
- published: 18 Jan 2020
- views: 3437217
0:54
Empress Wu Zetian: Scandalous Private Life #history #crazyfacts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Uploaded Date: 22 Sep 2023
- views: 258661
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_Zetian_Scandalous_Private_Life_History_Crazyfacts
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
- published: 22 Sep 2023
- views: 258661
48:16
A New Look On China's Only Empress: Wu Zetian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:16
- Uploaded Date: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 2826
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to dare to claim the title "Emperor," is undoubtedly the most polariz...
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to dare to claim the title "Emperor," is undoubtedly the most polarizing figure in the country's history.
Wu Zetian has been recognised as a cruel dictator who brought disaster to China since her death 1,300 years ago. But, as a result of amazing new findings, a new image of her reign is emerging.
Archaeologists are unearthing a radically different account of China's female Emperor, her abilities, and her kingdom as they study buried tombs, beautiful pagodas, colossal palaces, and precious artefacts from her period.
Content licensed by TVF International. Any queries, please contact us at [email protected]
Want to watch more docudramas?
Click here: https://bit.ly/3ivnDhE
https://wn.com/A_New_Look_On_China's_Only_Empress_Wu_Zetian
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to dare to claim the title "Emperor," is undoubtedly the most polarizing figure in the country's history.
Wu Zetian has been recognised as a cruel dictator who brought disaster to China since her death 1,300 years ago. But, as a result of amazing new findings, a new image of her reign is emerging.
Archaeologists are unearthing a radically different account of China's female Emperor, her abilities, and her kingdom as they study buried tombs, beautiful pagodas, colossal palaces, and precious artefacts from her period.
Content licensed by TVF International. Any queries, please contact us at [email protected]
Want to watch more docudramas?
Click here: https://bit.ly/3ivnDhE
- published: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 2826
48:03
Wu Zetian: China's First & Only Female Emperor | Empress Who Ruled The World | Timeline
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:03
- Uploaded Date: 28 Mar 2019
- views: 3235499
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from lowly concubine to become the only woman in all Chinese history to dar...
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from lowly concubine to become the only woman in all Chinese history to dare to take the title “Emperor”
Since her death 1,300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
With hands-on investigations and access to the treasures of Wu Zetian’s time, this film tries to give a definitive answer to the question: was Emperor Wu an evil tyrant or one of the most successful rulers in all Chinese history?
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This channel is part of the History Hit Network. Any queries, please contact [email protected]
https://wn.com/Wu_Zetian_China's_First_Only_Female_Emperor_|_Empress_Who_Ruled_The_World_|_Timeline
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from lowly concubine to become the only woman in all Chinese history to dare to take the title “Emperor”
Since her death 1,300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
With hands-on investigations and access to the treasures of Wu Zetian’s time, this film tries to give a definitive answer to the question: was Emperor Wu an evil tyrant or one of the most successful rulers in all Chinese history?
It's like Netflix for history... Sign up to History Hit, the world's best history documentary service, at a huge discount using the code 'TIMELINE' ---ᐳ http://bit.ly/3a7ambu
You can find more from us on:
https://www.facebook.com/timelineWH
https://www.instagram.com/timelineWH
This channel is part of the History Hit Network. Any queries, please contact [email protected]
- published: 28 Mar 2019
- views: 3235499
5:06
Empress Wu Zetian : Only female Emperor of Imperial China | Chinese History
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Uploaded Date: 31 Oct 2021
- views: 1365
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_Zetian_Only_Female_Emperor_Of_Imperial_China_|_Chinese_History
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
- published: 31 Oct 2021
- views: 1365
20:22
Empress Wu Zetian - LIES - Chinese History - Extra History
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:22
- Uploaded Date: 10 Feb 2024
- views: 60831
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mistakes we made and the details we couldn't quite squeeze into our Wu Z...
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mistakes we made and the details we couldn't quite squeeze into our Wu Zetian Series. With questions like, Is it really possible to drown someone in a vat of wine? Why aren't there witches in Chinese culture? And what ended up happening to those Gaozong brothers?
Want to watch Sitting Bull #1 right NOW? You can find it on *NEBULA*: https://nebula.tv/videos/extrahistory-sitting-bull-origin-of-a-legend-native-american-history-part-1
"Women Rulers in Imperial China" - Keith McMahon https://kmcmahon.ku.edu/pdf/Women_Rulers_in_Imperial_China_Nan_Nu_15.2_2013.pdf
"'Chen gui' and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian," Denis Twitchett https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649871
"Introduction from the Guest Editor: Women's Work, Virtue and Space: Change from Early to Late Imperial China," Angela Sheng https://www.jstor.org/stable/43151276
"Re-gendering Chinese History: Zhao Mei’s Emperor Wu Zetian," Xianlin Song https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/re-gendering-chinese-history-zhao-meis-emperor-wu-zetian
"Imagining Matriarchy: 'Kingdoms of Women' in Tang China," Jennifer W. Jay https://www.jstor.org/stable/605697
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*Miss an episode in our Wu Zetian Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/WBt0T256HD0
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/xmOM-Ng2hKw
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/Ujw7ndmOGPk
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/dd8PXhuU1K8
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/omh_ReMW74M
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/rt1uePpPqCQ
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
* Timestamps! *
0:00 - Brought to you by our Patreons!
0:42 - Recommended Reading
1:50 - General Comments
4:25 - Episode 1 Q&A
6:36 - Episode 2 Q&A
9:15 - Episode 3 Q&A
14:26 - Episode 4 Q&A
15:14 - Episode 5 Q&A
18:12 - Coming up on Extra History
18:46 - Context Farie's World Tour
Host/Extra History Writer: Robert Rath - @RobWritesPulp I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves
#ExtraHistory #WuZetian #History
https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_Zetian_Lies_Chinese_History_Extra_History
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mistakes we made and the details we couldn't quite squeeze into our Wu Zetian Series. With questions like, Is it really possible to drown someone in a vat of wine? Why aren't there witches in Chinese culture? And what ended up happening to those Gaozong brothers?
Want to watch Sitting Bull #1 right NOW? You can find it on *NEBULA*: https://nebula.tv/videos/extrahistory-sitting-bull-origin-of-a-legend-native-american-history-part-1
"Women Rulers in Imperial China" - Keith McMahon https://kmcmahon.ku.edu/pdf/Women_Rulers_in_Imperial_China_Nan_Nu_15.2_2013.pdf
"'Chen gui' and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian," Denis Twitchett https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649871
"Introduction from the Guest Editor: Women's Work, Virtue and Space: Change from Early to Late Imperial China," Angela Sheng https://www.jstor.org/stable/43151276
"Re-gendering Chinese History: Zhao Mei’s Emperor Wu Zetian," Xianlin Song https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/re-gendering-chinese-history-zhao-meis-emperor-wu-zetian
"Imagining Matriarchy: 'Kingdoms of Women' in Tang China," Jennifer W. Jay https://www.jstor.org/stable/605697
* Get links to the recommended reading, suggest topics & vote for our next history episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON*: https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
*Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: [email protected]
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*Miss an episode in our Wu Zetian Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/WBt0T256HD0
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/xmOM-Ng2hKw
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/Ujw7ndmOGPk
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/dd8PXhuU1K8
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/omh_ReMW74M
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/rt1uePpPqCQ
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
* Timestamps! *
0:00 - Brought to you by our Patreons!
0:42 - Recommended Reading
1:50 - General Comments
4:25 - Episode 1 Q&A
6:36 - Episode 2 Q&A
9:15 - Episode 3 Q&A
14:26 - Episode 4 Q&A
15:14 - Episode 5 Q&A
18:12 - Coming up on Extra History
18:46 - Context Farie's World Tour
Host/Extra History Writer: Robert Rath - @RobWritesPulp I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves
#ExtraHistory #WuZetian #History
- published: 10 Feb 2024
- views: 60831
48:33
Was China's Only Empress Misunderstood? | Wu Zetian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:33
- Uploaded Date: 03 Jul 2023
- views: 7241
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such great power, as a monarch whose real achievements and character remain...
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such great power, as a monarch whose real achievements and character remain obscured behind layers of obloquy. Her name was Wu Zetian, and in the seventh century A.D. she became the only woman in more than 3,000 years of Chinese history to rule in her own right.
Welcome to The World History Channel. With new uploads every week, we break down the biggest stories that have shaped human history. From the dawn of ancient civilisations up to the modern age, these are the stories from our past that matter the most.
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https://wn.com/Was_China's_Only_Empress_Misunderstood_|_Wu_Zetian
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such great power, as a monarch whose real achievements and character remain obscured behind layers of obloquy. Her name was Wu Zetian, and in the seventh century A.D. she became the only woman in more than 3,000 years of Chinese history to rule in her own right.
Welcome to The World History Channel. With new uploads every week, we break down the biggest stories that have shaped human history. From the dawn of ancient civilisations up to the modern age, these are the stories from our past that matter the most.
The World History Channel is in partnership with the History Hit network.
- published: 03 Jul 2023
- views: 7241
12:19
Empress Wu Zetian - The Only Female Monarch in the History of China
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:19
- Uploaded Date: 22 Mar 2021
- views: 5326
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), alternatively Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, w...
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), alternatively Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, was the de facto ruler of China, first through her husband the Emperor Gaozong and then through her sons the Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, from 665 to 690. She subsequently became empress regnant of the Zhou dynasty (周) of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She is notable for being the only female monarch in the history of China.
Wu was the concubine of Emperor Taizong. After his death, she married his successor—his ninth son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's huanghou (皇后, empress consort, title for the reigning emperor's main consort) in 655, although having considerable political power prior to this. After Gaozong's debilitating stroke in 660, Wu Zetian became administrator of the court, a position equal to the emperor's until 705.
After her wedding to Emperor Gaozong in 655, Empress Wu's rise to power was swift. A strong, charismatic, and well-educated woman who enjoyed the absolute interest of her husband, Empress Wu was the most powerful and influential woman at court during a period when the Tang Empire was at the peak of its power and glory. She was more decisive and proactive than her husband, and she is considered by historians to have been the real power behind the throne and ruling figure for more than eighteen years. She was often present when the Emperor held court, and even held court independently when the Emperor was unwell. She was given charge of his Imperial Seal, implying that her perusal and consent were necessary before any document or order received legal validity. The Emperor Gaozong sought her views on all matters before issuing orders. Empress Wu was granted certain honors and privileges which were not enjoyed by any Chinese empresses before or after. After Gaozong's death, Empress Wu as Empress dowager and regent conquered power independently and uniquely, and seven years later, she seized the throne in the Zhou dynasty, becoming the only empress regnant in Chinese history. Because she ruled from 665 to 690 through her husband and sons, she was thus one of the longest-reigning de facto rulers in the history of the world. She also spent one of the brightest periods of history in China as emperor.
The importance to history of Wu Zetian's period of political and military leadership includes the major expansion of the Chinese empire, extending it far beyond its previous territorial limits, deep into Central Asia, and engaging in a series of wars on the Korean Peninsula, first allying with Silla against Goguryeo, and then against Silla over the occupation of former Goguryeo territory. Within China, besides the more direct consequences of her struggle to gain and maintain supreme power, Wu's leadership resulted in important effects regarding social class in Chinese society and in relation to state support for Taoism, Buddhism, education, and literature. Wu Zetian also had a monumental impact upon the statuary of the Longmen Grottoes and the "Wordless Stele" at the Qianling Mausoleum, as well as the construction of some major buildings and bronze castings that no longer survive.
Besides her career as a political leader, Wu Zetian also had an active family life. Although family relationships sometimes became problematic, Wu Zetian was the mother of four sons, three of whom also carried the title of emperor, although one held that title only as a posthumous honor. One of her grandsons became the renowned Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.
#WomenofHistory #HistoricalWomen #FamousFemales
https://wn.com/Empress_Wu_Zetian_The_Only_Female_Monarch_In_The_History_Of_China
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), alternatively Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, was the de facto ruler of China, first through her husband the Emperor Gaozong and then through her sons the Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, from 665 to 690. She subsequently became empress regnant of the Zhou dynasty (周) of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She is notable for being the only female monarch in the history of China.
Wu was the concubine of Emperor Taizong. After his death, she married his successor—his ninth son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's huanghou (皇后, empress consort, title for the reigning emperor's main consort) in 655, although having considerable political power prior to this. After Gaozong's debilitating stroke in 660, Wu Zetian became administrator of the court, a position equal to the emperor's until 705.
After her wedding to Emperor Gaozong in 655, Empress Wu's rise to power was swift. A strong, charismatic, and well-educated woman who enjoyed the absolute interest of her husband, Empress Wu was the most powerful and influential woman at court during a period when the Tang Empire was at the peak of its power and glory. She was more decisive and proactive than her husband, and she is considered by historians to have been the real power behind the throne and ruling figure for more than eighteen years. She was often present when the Emperor held court, and even held court independently when the Emperor was unwell. She was given charge of his Imperial Seal, implying that her perusal and consent were necessary before any document or order received legal validity. The Emperor Gaozong sought her views on all matters before issuing orders. Empress Wu was granted certain honors and privileges which were not enjoyed by any Chinese empresses before or after. After Gaozong's death, Empress Wu as Empress dowager and regent conquered power independently and uniquely, and seven years later, she seized the throne in the Zhou dynasty, becoming the only empress regnant in Chinese history. Because she ruled from 665 to 690 through her husband and sons, she was thus one of the longest-reigning de facto rulers in the history of the world. She also spent one of the brightest periods of history in China as emperor.
The importance to history of Wu Zetian's period of political and military leadership includes the major expansion of the Chinese empire, extending it far beyond its previous territorial limits, deep into Central Asia, and engaging in a series of wars on the Korean Peninsula, first allying with Silla against Goguryeo, and then against Silla over the occupation of former Goguryeo territory. Within China, besides the more direct consequences of her struggle to gain and maintain supreme power, Wu's leadership resulted in important effects regarding social class in Chinese society and in relation to state support for Taoism, Buddhism, education, and literature. Wu Zetian also had a monumental impact upon the statuary of the Longmen Grottoes and the "Wordless Stele" at the Qianling Mausoleum, as well as the construction of some major buildings and bronze castings that no longer survive.
Besides her career as a political leader, Wu Zetian also had an active family life. Although family relationships sometimes became problematic, Wu Zetian was the mother of four sons, three of whom also carried the title of emperor, although one held that title only as a posthumous honor. One of her grandsons became the renowned Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.
#WomenofHistory #HistoricalWomen #FamousFemales
- published: 22 Mar 2021
- views: 5326
10:19
Empress Wu characters in medieval Chinese manuscripts
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne an...
published: 05 Dec 2023
Empress Wu characters in medieval Chinese manuscripts
Empress Wu characters in medieval Chinese manuscripts
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- published: 05 Dec 2023
- views: 882
Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She took over the Tang throne and established her own dynasty, borrowing the name of the ancient Zhou dynasty. She implemented a number of changes and reforms, many of which were of symbolic nature. Among these was the introduction of new character forms for about 18 characters. These new forms were used during her reign (690-705), but were abolished after she stepped down from the throne and the Tang dynasty was restored. This video is about these peculiar character forms in the Dunhuang manuscripts, showing what they looked like in practice and also that they are not a bullet-proof method to dating manuscripts.
10:33
Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men - Chinese History - Part 1 - Extra History
📜 Liked Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men? Then check out our sponsor https://www.GiveWell...
published: 30 Dec 2023
Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men - Chinese History - Part 1 - Extra History
Wu Zetian: Hated by Gods and Men - Chinese History - Part 1 - Extra History
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- published: 30 Dec 2023
- views: 552953
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👑 Wu Zetian, was a formidable figure in 7th-century China who defied societal norms and ascended from a teenage concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to rule under her own name. This extraordinary woman navigated through the intricate dynamics of the imperial court and played a pivotal role in the Tang Dynasty's golden age. Her administrative reforms and patronage of Buddhism left an indelible mark on China's history. However, her unprecedented rise faced vehement opposition from Confucian scholars, who depicted her as a treacherous manipulator through tales of sex, assassination, and political massacres. Unravel the complexities of Wu Zetian's life, exploring the intrigues of power and challenging biased historical narratives. 👑
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*Miss an episode in our Wu Zetian Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/WBt0T256HD0
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/xmOM-Ng2hKw
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/Ujw7ndmOGPk
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/dd8PXhuU1K8
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/omh_ReMW74M
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/rt1uePpPqCQ
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
Artist: Ali R Thome I Writer: Robert Rath I Showrunner & Narrator: Matthew Krol I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves I ♪ Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 I ♪ "Across the Pacific" by Tiffany Roman
#ExtraHistory #WuZetian #History
48:04
The Astonishing Life Of China's Tyrant Empress | Wu Zetian | Absolute History
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who bro...
published: 18 Jan 2020
The Astonishing Life Of China's Tyrant Empress | Wu Zetian | Absolute History
The Astonishing Life Of China's Tyrant Empress | Wu Zetian | Absolute History
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- published: 18 Jan 2020
- views: 3437217
Since her death 1300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
Produced by True North. Licensed from TVF International to Little Dot Studios.
Any queries, please contact us at: [email protected]
0:54
Empress Wu Zetian: Scandalous Private Life #history #crazyfacts
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
published: 22 Sep 2023
Empress Wu Zetian: Scandalous Private Life #history #crazyfacts
Empress Wu Zetian: Scandalous Private Life #history #crazyfacts
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- published: 22 Sep 2023
- views: 258661
Voiceover by "Elevnlabs.io"
48:16
A New Look On China's Only Empress: Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history...
published: 09 Dec 2021
A New Look On China's Only Empress: Wu Zetian
A New Look On China's Only Empress: Wu Zetian
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- published: 09 Dec 2021
- views: 2826
Wu Zetian, who climbed from a humble concubine to become the only woman in Chinese history to dare to claim the title "Emperor," is undoubtedly the most polarizing figure in the country's history.
Wu Zetian has been recognised as a cruel dictator who brought disaster to China since her death 1,300 years ago. But, as a result of amazing new findings, a new image of her reign is emerging.
Archaeologists are unearthing a radically different account of China's female Emperor, her abilities, and her kingdom as they study buried tombs, beautiful pagodas, colossal palaces, and precious artefacts from her period.
Content licensed by TVF International. Any queries, please contact us at [email protected]
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48:03
Wu Zetian: China's First & Only Female Emperor | Empress Who Ruled The World | Timeline
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from ...
published: 28 Mar 2019
Wu Zetian: China's First & Only Female Emperor | Empress Who Ruled The World | Timeline
Wu Zetian: China's First & Only Female Emperor | Empress Who Ruled The World | Timeline
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- published: 28 Mar 2019
- views: 3235499
She’s probably the most controversial woman in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, who rose from lowly concubine to become the only woman in all Chinese history to dare to take the title “Emperor”
Since her death 1,300 years ago, Wu Zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant, who brought calamity to China. But now, extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign.
As archaeologists investigate hidden tombs, spectacular pagodas, gigantic palaces and priceless treasures from her time, they are uncovering a very different story of China’s female Emperor, her skills and her empire. Wu Zetian’s China was a military, economic and cultural superpower, whose influence stretched from the edge of the Mediterranean to Japan and India. Recent discoveries reveal the wealth and stability of her reign, and point to her skills as a politician and a leader. But they also provide tantalising new evidence of the cruelty and violence at the heart of her regime.
With hands-on investigations and access to the treasures of Wu Zetian’s time, this film tries to give a definitive answer to the question: was Emperor Wu an evil tyrant or one of the most successful rulers in all Chinese history?
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5:06
Empress Wu Zetian : Only female Emperor of Imperial China | Chinese History
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
published: 31 Oct 2021
Empress Wu Zetian : Only female Emperor of Imperial China | Chinese History
Empress Wu Zetian : Only female Emperor of Imperial China | Chinese History
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- published: 31 Oct 2021
- views: 1365
#EmperorWuZetian #WuZetian #ChineseHistory
20:22
Empress Wu Zetian - LIES - Chinese History - Extra History
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mi...
published: 10 Feb 2024
Empress Wu Zetian - LIES - Chinese History - Extra History
Empress Wu Zetian - LIES - Chinese History - Extra History
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- published: 10 Feb 2024
- views: 60831
📜 Welcome Extra Historians to our Empress Wu Zetian Lies video! Where we talk about the mistakes we made and the details we couldn't quite squeeze into our Wu Zetian Series. With questions like, Is it really possible to drown someone in a vat of wine? Why aren't there witches in Chinese culture? And what ended up happening to those Gaozong brothers?
Want to watch Sitting Bull #1 right NOW? You can find it on *NEBULA*: https://nebula.tv/videos/extrahistory-sitting-bull-origin-of-a-legend-native-american-history-part-1
"Women Rulers in Imperial China" - Keith McMahon https://kmcmahon.ku.edu/pdf/Women_Rulers_in_Imperial_China_Nan_Nu_15.2_2013.pdf
"'Chen gui' and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian," Denis Twitchett https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649871
"Introduction from the Guest Editor: Women's Work, Virtue and Space: Change from Early to Late Imperial China," Angela Sheng https://www.jstor.org/stable/43151276
"Re-gendering Chinese History: Zhao Mei’s Emperor Wu Zetian," Xianlin Song https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/re-gendering-chinese-history-zhao-meis-emperor-wu-zetian
"Imagining Matriarchy: 'Kingdoms of Women' in Tang China," Jennifer W. Jay https://www.jstor.org/stable/605697
* Get links to the recommended reading, suggest topics & vote for our next history episodes, get exclusive content & 24-hour early access on *PATREON*: https://bit.ly/EHPatreon
* Show off your fandom with *MERCH* from our store! http://extracredits.store/
*Interested in sponsoring an episode?* Email us: [email protected]
TWITTER: http://bit.ly/ECTweet I FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage
INSTAGRAM: http://bit.ly/ECisonInstagram I TIKTOK: https://bit.ly/ECtiktokz
BLUESKY: https://bit.ly/ECBlueSky I TWITCH: https://bit.ly/ECtwitch
GAMING: https://www.youtube.com/@extracredits
*Miss an episode in our Wu Zetian Series?*
Part 1 - https://youtu.be/WBt0T256HD0
Part 2 - https://youtu.be/xmOM-Ng2hKw
Part 3 - https://youtu.be/Ujw7ndmOGPk
Part 4 - https://youtu.be/dd8PXhuU1K8
Part 5 - https://youtu.be/omh_ReMW74M
Series Wrap-up & Recommended Reading / Lies Episode - https://youtu.be/rt1uePpPqCQ
Thanks for the high-quality conversations & for following our community guidelines here: https://bit.ly/ECFansRNice
* Timestamps! *
0:00 - Brought to you by our Patreons!
0:42 - Recommended Reading
1:50 - General Comments
4:25 - Episode 1 Q&A
6:36 - Episode 2 Q&A
9:15 - Episode 3 Q&A
14:26 - Episode 4 Q&A
15:14 - Episode 5 Q&A
18:12 - Coming up on Extra History
18:46 - Context Farie's World Tour
Host/Extra History Writer: Robert Rath - @RobWritesPulp I Video Editor: Devon House Creative I Audio Editor: Clean Waves
#ExtraHistory #WuZetian #History
48:33
Was China's Only Empress Misunderstood? | Wu Zetian
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such ...
published: 03 Jul 2023
Was China's Only Empress Misunderstood? | Wu Zetian
Was China's Only Empress Misunderstood? | Wu Zetian
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- published: 03 Jul 2023
- views: 7241
Of all these female rulers, though, none has aroused so much controversy, or wielded such great power, as a monarch whose real achievements and character remain obscured behind layers of obloquy. Her name was Wu Zetian, and in the seventh century A.D. she became the only woman in more than 3,000 years of Chinese history to rule in her own right.
Welcome to The World History Channel. With new uploads every week, we break down the biggest stories that have shaped human history. From the dawn of ancient civilisations up to the modern age, these are the stories from our past that matter the most.
The World History Channel is in partnership with the History Hit network.
12:19
Empress Wu Zetian - The Only Female Monarch in the History of China
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), ...
published: 22 Mar 2021
Empress Wu Zetian - The Only Female Monarch in the History of China
Empress Wu Zetian - The Only Female Monarch in the History of China
- Report rights infringement
- published: 22 Mar 2021
- views: 5326
Wu Zhao, commonly known as Wu Zetian (17 February 624[note 8][note 9] – 16 December 705), alternatively Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, was the de facto ruler of China, first through her husband the Emperor Gaozong and then through her sons the Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, from 665 to 690. She subsequently became empress regnant of the Zhou dynasty (周) of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She is notable for being the only female monarch in the history of China.
Wu was the concubine of Emperor Taizong. After his death, she married his successor—his ninth son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's huanghou (皇后, empress consort, title for the reigning emperor's main consort) in 655, although having considerable political power prior to this. After Gaozong's debilitating stroke in 660, Wu Zetian became administrator of the court, a position equal to the emperor's until 705.
After her wedding to Emperor Gaozong in 655, Empress Wu's rise to power was swift. A strong, charismatic, and well-educated woman who enjoyed the absolute interest of her husband, Empress Wu was the most powerful and influential woman at court during a period when the Tang Empire was at the peak of its power and glory. She was more decisive and proactive than her husband, and she is considered by historians to have been the real power behind the throne and ruling figure for more than eighteen years. She was often present when the Emperor held court, and even held court independently when the Emperor was unwell. She was given charge of his Imperial Seal, implying that her perusal and consent were necessary before any document or order received legal validity. The Emperor Gaozong sought her views on all matters before issuing orders. Empress Wu was granted certain honors and privileges which were not enjoyed by any Chinese empresses before or after. After Gaozong's death, Empress Wu as Empress dowager and regent conquered power independently and uniquely, and seven years later, she seized the throne in the Zhou dynasty, becoming the only empress regnant in Chinese history. Because she ruled from 665 to 690 through her husband and sons, she was thus one of the longest-reigning de facto rulers in the history of the world. She also spent one of the brightest periods of history in China as emperor.
The importance to history of Wu Zetian's period of political and military leadership includes the major expansion of the Chinese empire, extending it far beyond its previous territorial limits, deep into Central Asia, and engaging in a series of wars on the Korean Peninsula, first allying with Silla against Goguryeo, and then against Silla over the occupation of former Goguryeo territory. Within China, besides the more direct consequences of her struggle to gain and maintain supreme power, Wu's leadership resulted in important effects regarding social class in Chinese society and in relation to state support for Taoism, Buddhism, education, and literature. Wu Zetian also had a monumental impact upon the statuary of the Longmen Grottoes and the "Wordless Stele" at the Qianling Mausoleum, as well as the construction of some major buildings and bronze castings that no longer survive.
Besides her career as a political leader, Wu Zetian also had an active family life. Although family relationships sometimes became problematic, Wu Zetian was the mother of four sons, three of whom also carried the title of emperor, although one held that title only as a posthumous honor. One of her grandsons became the renowned Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.
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Chinese characters of Empress Wu
Chinese characters of Empress Wu, or the Zetian characters (Chinese: 則天文字; pinyin: Zétiān wénzì), are Chinese characters introduced by Empress Wu Zetian, the only reigning female in the history of China, to demonstrate her power. The characters were not created by the Empress herself, but were suggested by an official named Zong Qinke, the son of one of her cousins, in December 689 AD. The number of characters varies between 12, 17, 19, or 30 characters. They were forcibly used by people during her reign but fell into disuse immediately after her death, so they help to determine dates of printed materials.
A few of the surviving characters are preserved in the written histories of Wu Zetian, and a few have found themselves incorporated into modern-day computer standards, classified as either variant or dialect-specific characters.
The form of the characters varies depending on where they are printed. For instance Empress Wu's own name zhào 照 was replaced with 瞾, but is erroneously thought to be 曌, and looking in the Kangxi Dictionary, one finds the description of the former having two 目 ("eye") characters being the proper character rather than the word míng 明 meaning "bright". Another form replaces the 明 above 空 with two 日 characters.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Chinese_characters_of_Empress_Wu
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