In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is double-stranded DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template in a reaction catalysed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryoticgenes in prokaryotes. When scientists want to express a specific protein in a cell that does not normally express that protein (i.e., heterologous expression), they will transfer the cDNA that codes for the protein to the recipient cell. cDNA is also produced naturally by retroviruses (such as HIV-1, HIV-2, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, etc.) and then integrated into the host's genome, where it creates a provirus.
The term cDNA is also used, typically in a bioinformatics context, to refer to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (GCAT) rather than RNA bases (GCAU).
Synthesis
Although there are several methods for doing so, cDNA is most often synthesized from mature (fully spliced) mRNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme, which naturally occurs in retroviruses, operates on a single strand of mRNA, generating its complementary DNA based on the pairing of RNA base pairs (A, T, G and C) to their DNA complements (T, A, C and G, respectively).
Hey Friends,
cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA template. This is done by Reverse Transcription. In this example, the oligo d(T)-primers are used to prime the cDNA synthesis. An alternative would be to use random hexamers as primers. cDNA is synthesized before qPCR to check gene expression levels.
qPCR:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu4s3Hbc_bw&t=16s
References:
Recommended: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth0205-151
More:
https://geneticeducation.co.in/reverse-transcription-pcr-principle-procedure-applications-advantages-and-disadvantages/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC338195/
Cheers
Henrik
published: 15 Feb 2021
cDNA | Complementary DNA
animated video of cDNA
#BiotechReview #cDNA #mRNA #S1Nuclease #PolyATail
published: 08 Dec 2011
DNA libraries & generating cDNA | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video. Created by Ronald Sahyouni.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/dna-cloning-and-recombinant-dna?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=D...
published: 25 Mar 2015
cDNA Complementary DNA HD Animation
published: 05 Oct 2020
cDNA library || How cDNA library is constructed? || What are DNA libraries used for?
this video describes how cDNA libraries are created and about the screening process. This video would answer the following questions like :
What is cDNA library used for?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
How cDNA library is constructed?
What is cDNA and why is it important?
What are the applications of cDNA library?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
What is the advantage of using a cDNA library?
What are DNA libraries used for?
published: 27 Aug 2019
All About cDNA | MCAT Content
In this video we will cover what you need to know about cDNA or complementary DNA. This will include an overview of how cDNA is made as well as how it differs from regular genomic DNA.
Finally we will look at couple common question types you might encounter on this topic.
This recombinant DNA technology lecture is to explain how gene library is made. This lecture explains step-by-step process of creating gene library. This lecture also explains the basic features of genomic library and cDNA library and it also states the difference between genomic library and cDNA library.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Η κατασκευή cDNA βιβλιοθηκών είναι ο 2ος τρόπος κλωνοποίησης γονιδίων για μελέτη αλλά και για παραγωγή των πρωτεϊνών που αυτά κωδικοποιούν.
Ασκήσεις* για μελέτη :
Για να λύσεις εύκολα τα προβλήματα με ανασυνδυασμένο DNA και με γονιδιωματικές και cDNA βιβλιοθήκες είναι απαραίτητη ή καλή γνώση και κατανόηση των εννοιών του 1ου και του 2ου κεφαλαίου είναι απαραίτητη καθώς οι ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου συνδυάζουν όλα τα προηγούμενα κεφάλαια.
Ακολούθησε στη συνέχεια τα βήματα που παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω:
1) Διάβασε* την υποδειγματική άσκηση 4 και λύσε τις προτεινόμενες ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου, 14, 18, 28, 29, 34, 35.
2) Διάβασε* στη συνέχεια την υποδειγματική άσκηση 5 και λύσε τις 2, 22, 24.
Δώσε μεγάλη προσοχή στα σχόλια και τις παρατηρήσεις, με τα "κρυφά" σημεία για την λύση των ασ...
published: 24 Jan 2017
cDNA synthesis Tutorial
If you have questions or comments please go to the new channel Ciencia y Science and ask your questions there so that I can answer them. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvOlUnIRNhI2PonooNtcJ7w
The cDNA synthesis tutorial video is the follow up step after isolating RNA. We are able to synthesize cDNA from RNA through a process called reverse transcription (RT). RT is a process that does not occur in mammalian cells and it is not part of the Central Dogma in Biology. In order to perform RT we make use of a retrovirus enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is able to synthesize cDNA from RNA.
[Time stamps]
0:00 - introduction
3:43 - components
5:17 - measuring RNA concentration
6:26 - loading samples onto Take3 Trio plate
8:27 - BioTek Cytation5 software
12:00 - Calculations to run cD...
Hey Friends,
cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA template. This is done by Reverse Transcription. In this example, the oligo d(T)-primers are us...
Hey Friends,
cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA template. This is done by Reverse Transcription. In this example, the oligo d(T)-primers are used to prime the cDNA synthesis. An alternative would be to use random hexamers as primers. cDNA is synthesized before qPCR to check gene expression levels.
qPCR:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu4s3Hbc_bw&t=16s
References:
Recommended: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth0205-151
More:
https://geneticeducation.co.in/reverse-transcription-pcr-principle-procedure-applications-advantages-and-disadvantages/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC338195/
Cheers
Henrik
Hey Friends,
cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA template. This is done by Reverse Transcription. In this example, the oligo d(T)-primers are used to prime the cDNA synthesis. An alternative would be to use random hexamers as primers. cDNA is synthesized before qPCR to check gene expression levels.
qPCR:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu4s3Hbc_bw&t=16s
References:
Recommended: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth0205-151
More:
https://geneticeducation.co.in/reverse-transcription-pcr-principle-procedure-applications-advantages-and-disadvantages/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC338195/
Cheers
Henrik
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT re...
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video. Created by Ronald Sahyouni.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/dna-cloning-and-recombinant-dna?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/the-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video. Created by Ronald Sahyouni.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/dna-cloning-and-recombinant-dna?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/the-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
this video describes how cDNA libraries are created and about the screening process. This video would answer the following questions like :
What is cDNA library...
this video describes how cDNA libraries are created and about the screening process. This video would answer the following questions like :
What is cDNA library used for?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
How cDNA library is constructed?
What is cDNA and why is it important?
What are the applications of cDNA library?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
What is the advantage of using a cDNA library?
What are DNA libraries used for?
this video describes how cDNA libraries are created and about the screening process. This video would answer the following questions like :
What is cDNA library used for?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
How cDNA library is constructed?
What is cDNA and why is it important?
What are the applications of cDNA library?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
What is the advantage of using a cDNA library?
What are DNA libraries used for?
In this video we will cover what you need to know about cDNA or complementary DNA. This will include an overview of how cDNA is made as well as how it differs f...
In this video we will cover what you need to know about cDNA or complementary DNA. This will include an overview of how cDNA is made as well as how it differs from regular genomic DNA.
Finally we will look at couple common question types you might encounter on this topic.
In this video we will cover what you need to know about cDNA or complementary DNA. This will include an overview of how cDNA is made as well as how it differs from regular genomic DNA.
Finally we will look at couple common question types you might encounter on this topic.
This recombinant DNA technology lecture is to explain how gene library is made. This lecture explains step-by-step process of creating gene library. This lectur...
This recombinant DNA technology lecture is to explain how gene library is made. This lecture explains step-by-step process of creating gene library. This lecture also explains the basic features of genomic library and cDNA library and it also states the difference between genomic library and cDNA library.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
This recombinant DNA technology lecture is to explain how gene library is made. This lecture explains step-by-step process of creating gene library. This lecture also explains the basic features of genomic library and cDNA library and it also states the difference between genomic library and cDNA library.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Η κατασκευή cDNA βιβλιοθηκών είναι ο 2ος τρόπος κλωνοποίησης γονιδίων για μελέτη αλλά και για παραγωγή των πρωτεϊνών που αυτά κωδικοποιούν.
Ασκήσεις* για μελέ...
Η κατασκευή cDNA βιβλιοθηκών είναι ο 2ος τρόπος κλωνοποίησης γονιδίων για μελέτη αλλά και για παραγωγή των πρωτεϊνών που αυτά κωδικοποιούν.
Ασκήσεις* για μελέτη :
Για να λύσεις εύκολα τα προβλήματα με ανασυνδυασμένο DNA και με γονιδιωματικές και cDNA βιβλιοθήκες είναι απαραίτητη ή καλή γνώση και κατανόηση των εννοιών του 1ου και του 2ου κεφαλαίου είναι απαραίτητη καθώς οι ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου συνδυάζουν όλα τα προηγούμενα κεφάλαια.
Ακολούθησε στη συνέχεια τα βήματα που παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω:
1) Διάβασε* την υποδειγματική άσκηση 4 και λύσε τις προτεινόμενες ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου, 14, 18, 28, 29, 34, 35.
2) Διάβασε* στη συνέχεια την υποδειγματική άσκηση 5 και λύσε τις 2, 22, 24.
Δώσε μεγάλη προσοχή στα σχόλια και τις παρατηρήσεις, με τα "κρυφά" σημεία για την λύση των ασκήσεων, που επισημαίνω, όπου χρειάζεται !
* Όλες οι υποδειγματικές - πιλοτικές ασκήσεις, τα λυμένα παραδείγματα αλλά και ασκήσεις που προτείνω για εξάσκηση, με τις λύσεις τους, θα τις βρείτε στο βιβλίο μου:
"Οδηγός βήμα-βήμα για ασκήσεις Βιολογίας¨
Για να δείτε ένα δείγμα από το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: https://goo.gl/okAmDF
Για να μάθετε πως θα αποκτήσετε το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: http://www.biologymaniax.gr/
Ακόμα:
1) Κάνε αίτηση και γίνε μέλος στην ομάδα μας.
Biology maniax e-class : https://rb.gy/zlybmu
2) Πληροφορίες για ιδιαίτερα διαδικτυακά μαθήματα μέσω internet στείλε μήνυμα inbox.
3) Ακολούθησε το biologymaniax στο:
instagram: https://www.instagram.com/biologymaniax/
facebook: https://goo.gl/Fwtb0c
Η κατασκευή cDNA βιβλιοθηκών είναι ο 2ος τρόπος κλωνοποίησης γονιδίων για μελέτη αλλά και για παραγωγή των πρωτεϊνών που αυτά κωδικοποιούν.
Ασκήσεις* για μελέτη :
Για να λύσεις εύκολα τα προβλήματα με ανασυνδυασμένο DNA και με γονιδιωματικές και cDNA βιβλιοθήκες είναι απαραίτητη ή καλή γνώση και κατανόηση των εννοιών του 1ου και του 2ου κεφαλαίου είναι απαραίτητη καθώς οι ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου συνδυάζουν όλα τα προηγούμενα κεφάλαια.
Ακολούθησε στη συνέχεια τα βήματα που παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω:
1) Διάβασε* την υποδειγματική άσκηση 4 και λύσε τις προτεινόμενες ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου, 14, 18, 28, 29, 34, 35.
2) Διάβασε* στη συνέχεια την υποδειγματική άσκηση 5 και λύσε τις 2, 22, 24.
Δώσε μεγάλη προσοχή στα σχόλια και τις παρατηρήσεις, με τα "κρυφά" σημεία για την λύση των ασκήσεων, που επισημαίνω, όπου χρειάζεται !
* Όλες οι υποδειγματικές - πιλοτικές ασκήσεις, τα λυμένα παραδείγματα αλλά και ασκήσεις που προτείνω για εξάσκηση, με τις λύσεις τους, θα τις βρείτε στο βιβλίο μου:
"Οδηγός βήμα-βήμα για ασκήσεις Βιολογίας¨
Για να δείτε ένα δείγμα από το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: https://goo.gl/okAmDF
Για να μάθετε πως θα αποκτήσετε το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: http://www.biologymaniax.gr/
Ακόμα:
1) Κάνε αίτηση και γίνε μέλος στην ομάδα μας.
Biology maniax e-class : https://rb.gy/zlybmu
2) Πληροφορίες για ιδιαίτερα διαδικτυακά μαθήματα μέσω internet στείλε μήνυμα inbox.
3) Ακολούθησε το biologymaniax στο:
instagram: https://www.instagram.com/biologymaniax/
facebook: https://goo.gl/Fwtb0c
If you have questions or comments please go to the new channel Ciencia y Science and ask your questions there so that I can answer them. https://www.youtube.com...
If you have questions or comments please go to the new channel Ciencia y Science and ask your questions there so that I can answer them. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvOlUnIRNhI2PonooNtcJ7w
The cDNA synthesis tutorial video is the follow up step after isolating RNA. We are able to synthesize cDNA from RNA through a process called reverse transcription (RT). RT is a process that does not occur in mammalian cells and it is not part of the Central Dogma in Biology. In order to perform RT we make use of a retrovirus enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is able to synthesize cDNA from RNA.
[Time stamps]
0:00 - introduction
3:43 - components
5:17 - measuring RNA concentration
6:26 - loading samples onto Take3 Trio plate
8:27 - BioTek Cytation5 software
12:00 - Calculations to run cDNA synthesis
16:33 - Mixing all components for RT
28:22 - Running RT using thermocycler
Links to other tutorial videos associated with this video
1) Isolating RNA from primary cells
https://youtu.be/eVfyeKjNB-Q
2) Running qPCR of cDNA
https://youtu.be/GkNylq0LMDw
If you have questions or comments please go to the new channel Ciencia y Science and ask your questions there so that I can answer them. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvOlUnIRNhI2PonooNtcJ7w
The cDNA synthesis tutorial video is the follow up step after isolating RNA. We are able to synthesize cDNA from RNA through a process called reverse transcription (RT). RT is a process that does not occur in mammalian cells and it is not part of the Central Dogma in Biology. In order to perform RT we make use of a retrovirus enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is able to synthesize cDNA from RNA.
[Time stamps]
0:00 - introduction
3:43 - components
5:17 - measuring RNA concentration
6:26 - loading samples onto Take3 Trio plate
8:27 - BioTek Cytation5 software
12:00 - Calculations to run cDNA synthesis
16:33 - Mixing all components for RT
28:22 - Running RT using thermocycler
Links to other tutorial videos associated with this video
1) Isolating RNA from primary cells
https://youtu.be/eVfyeKjNB-Q
2) Running qPCR of cDNA
https://youtu.be/GkNylq0LMDw
Hey Friends,
cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from an RNA template. This is done by Reverse Transcription. In this example, the oligo d(T)-primers are used to prime the cDNA synthesis. An alternative would be to use random hexamers as primers. cDNA is synthesized before qPCR to check gene expression levels.
qPCR:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu4s3Hbc_bw&t=16s
References:
Recommended: https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth0205-151
More:
https://geneticeducation.co.in/reverse-transcription-pcr-principle-procedure-applications-advantages-and-disadvantages/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC338195/
Cheers
Henrik
Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read or seen in any Khan Academy video. Created by Ronald Sahyouni.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/dna-cloning-and-recombinant-dna?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna-technology/v/the-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
this video describes how cDNA libraries are created and about the screening process. This video would answer the following questions like :
What is cDNA library used for?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
How cDNA library is constructed?
What is cDNA and why is it important?
What are the applications of cDNA library?
What is a cDNA library and what is its purpose?
What is the advantage of using a cDNA library?
What are DNA libraries used for?
In this video we will cover what you need to know about cDNA or complementary DNA. This will include an overview of how cDNA is made as well as how it differs from regular genomic DNA.
Finally we will look at couple common question types you might encounter on this topic.
This recombinant DNA technology lecture is to explain how gene library is made. This lecture explains step-by-step process of creating gene library. This lecture also explains the basic features of genomic library and cDNA library and it also states the difference between genomic library and cDNA library.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Η κατασκευή cDNA βιβλιοθηκών είναι ο 2ος τρόπος κλωνοποίησης γονιδίων για μελέτη αλλά και για παραγωγή των πρωτεϊνών που αυτά κωδικοποιούν.
Ασκήσεις* για μελέτη :
Για να λύσεις εύκολα τα προβλήματα με ανασυνδυασμένο DNA και με γονιδιωματικές και cDNA βιβλιοθήκες είναι απαραίτητη ή καλή γνώση και κατανόηση των εννοιών του 1ου και του 2ου κεφαλαίου είναι απαραίτητη καθώς οι ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου συνδυάζουν όλα τα προηγούμενα κεφάλαια.
Ακολούθησε στη συνέχεια τα βήματα που παρουσιάζονται παρακάτω:
1) Διάβασε* την υποδειγματική άσκηση 4 και λύσε τις προτεινόμενες ασκήσεις του 4ου κεφαλαίου, 14, 18, 28, 29, 34, 35.
2) Διάβασε* στη συνέχεια την υποδειγματική άσκηση 5 και λύσε τις 2, 22, 24.
Δώσε μεγάλη προσοχή στα σχόλια και τις παρατηρήσεις, με τα "κρυφά" σημεία για την λύση των ασκήσεων, που επισημαίνω, όπου χρειάζεται !
* Όλες οι υποδειγματικές - πιλοτικές ασκήσεις, τα λυμένα παραδείγματα αλλά και ασκήσεις που προτείνω για εξάσκηση, με τις λύσεις τους, θα τις βρείτε στο βιβλίο μου:
"Οδηγός βήμα-βήμα για ασκήσεις Βιολογίας¨
Για να δείτε ένα δείγμα από το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: https://goo.gl/okAmDF
Για να μάθετε πως θα αποκτήσετε το βιβλίο πατήστε εδώ: http://www.biologymaniax.gr/
Ακόμα:
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Biology maniax e-class : https://rb.gy/zlybmu
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The cDNA synthesis tutorial video is the follow up step after isolating RNA. We are able to synthesize cDNA from RNA through a process called reverse transcription (RT). RT is a process that does not occur in mammalian cells and it is not part of the Central Dogma in Biology. In order to perform RT we make use of a retrovirus enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is able to synthesize cDNA from RNA.
[Time stamps]
0:00 - introduction
3:43 - components
5:17 - measuring RNA concentration
6:26 - loading samples onto Take3 Trio plate
8:27 - BioTek Cytation5 software
12:00 - Calculations to run cDNA synthesis
16:33 - Mixing all components for RT
28:22 - Running RT using thermocycler
Links to other tutorial videos associated with this video
1) Isolating RNA from primary cells
https://youtu.be/eVfyeKjNB-Q
2) Running qPCR of cDNA
https://youtu.be/GkNylq0LMDw
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is double-stranded DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template in a reaction catalysed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryoticgenes in prokaryotes. When scientists want to express a specific protein in a cell that does not normally express that protein (i.e., heterologous expression), they will transfer the cDNA that codes for the protein to the recipient cell. cDNA is also produced naturally by retroviruses (such as HIV-1, HIV-2, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, etc.) and then integrated into the host's genome, where it creates a provirus.
The term cDNA is also used, typically in a bioinformatics context, to refer to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (GCAT) rather than RNA bases (GCAU).
Synthesis
Although there are several methods for doing so, cDNA is most often synthesized from mature (fully spliced) mRNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme, which naturally occurs in retroviruses, operates on a single strand of mRNA, generating its complementary DNA based on the pairing of RNA base pairs (A, T, G and C) to their DNA complements (T, A, C and G, respectively).
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