B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl, or BCL2-like 1 isoform 1) is a transmembrane molecule in the mitochondria. It is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, and acts as a pro-survival protein by preventing the release of mitochondrial contents such as cytochrome c, which would lead to caspase activation. It is a well-established concept in the field of apoptosis that relative amounts of pro- and anti-survival Bcl-2 family of proteins define whether the cell will undergo cell death: if more Bcl-xL is present, then pores are non-permeable to pro-apoptotic molecules and the cell survives. However, if Bax and Bak become activated, and Bcl-xL is sequestered away by gatekeeper BH3-only factors (e.g. Bim), causing a pore to form, cytochrome c is released leading to initiation of caspase cascade leading to apoptotic events.
Bcl-xL functions at the level of intrinsic apoptotic pathway, while extrinsic pathway (Fas/TNF death receptors) directly leads to caspase activation. There is a link between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, via caspase-mediated cleavage of BID, which functions to activate pore formation at the mitochondria.
Boron trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BCl3. This colorless gas is a valuable reagent in organic synthesis. It is highly reactive toward water.
Production and structure
Boron reacts with halogens to give the corresponding trihalides. Boron trichloride is, however, produced industrially by direct chlorination of boron oxide and carbon at 500°C.
The carbothermic reaction is analogous to the Kroll process for the conversion of titanium dioxide to titanium tetrachloride. In the laboratory BF3 reacted with AlCl3 gives BCl3 via halogen exchange. BCl3 is a trigonal planar molecule like the other boron trihalides, and has a bond length of 175pm.
A degree of π-bonding has been proposed to explain the short B− Cl distance although there is some debate as to its extent. It does not dimerize, although NMR studies of mixtures of boron trihalides shows the presence of mixed halides. The absence of dimerisation contrasts with the tendencies of AlCl3 and GaCl3, which form dimers or polymers with 4 or 6 coordinate metal centres.
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL9gene.
Function
BCL9, together with its paralogue gene BCL9L (BCL9 like or BCL9.2), have been extensively studied for their role as transcriptional beta-catenin cofactors, fundamental for the transcription of Wnt target genes.
BCL9 and BCL9L have been shown to take part in other tissue-specific molecular mechanisms, showing that their role in the Wnt signaling cascade is only one aspect of their mode of action.
Clinical significance
BCL9 is associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It may be a target of translocation in B-cell malignancies with abnormalities of 1q21. The overexpression of BCL9 may be of pathogenic significance in B-cell malignancies.
BCL9 and BCL9L are potential clinical targets for human cancers; for instance, the gene expression changes that they promote is associated with a poor outcome in colorectal cancer.
B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCL3gene.
This gene is a proto-oncogene candidate. It is identified by its translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell leukemia. The protein encoded by this gene contains seven ankyrin repeats, which are most closely related to those found in I kappa B proteins. This protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator that activates through its association with NF-kappa B homodimers. The expression of this gene can be induced by NF-kappa B, which forms a part of the autoregulatory loop that controls the nuclear residence of p50 NF-kappa B.
Debbie, our self-confessed Boron lover, demonstrates the fuming of Boron Tribromide. More links in description below ↓↓↓
Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/periodicvideos
A video on every element: http://bit.ly/118elements
More at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://bit.ly/NottChem
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
published: 18 Mar 2010
How to Draw the Lewis Structure of BCl3 (boron trichloride)
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
published: 26 Jul 2019
How to Write the Formula for Boron trichloride
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Boron trichloride (BCl3). To write the formula for Boron trichloride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
List of Metalloids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would b...
published: 27 Mar 2021
Symmetry elements and operations of boron trifluoride molecule
SKT3013 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Chemistry Department
Faculty Science and Mathematics
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI)
published: 17 Mar 2021
Is BCl3 (Boron trichloride) Ionic or Covalent/Molecular?
To tell if BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that B is a non-metal and Cl is a non-metal. When we have a non-metal and a non-metal the compound is usually considered covalent.
Because we have a non-metal and non-metal in BCl3 there will be a difference in electronegativity between B and Cl is less than 2.0. This difference results in an electron(s) being shared between the non-metals. The sharing means that the bond will be considered covalent/molecular.
---
Helpful Resources
Metals, Non-Metals on the P- Table: https://youtu.be/OoooStZQHdA
Ionic, Covalent, & Polar Covalent: https://youtu.be/OHFGXfWB_r4
Electronegativity for each element: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
---
Because we have a com...
published: 14 Nov 2020
Boron trichloride Meaning
Video shows what boron trichloride means. A binary compound of boron and chlorine, BCl3, it is used in metal refining.. Boron trichloride Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say boron trichloride. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
published: 25 Apr 2015
Hybridisation of BCl3 || sp2 hybridisation || Formation of Boron trichloride molecule
This video explains hybridisation and formation of BCl3 ( Boron trichloride) molecule from hybrid orbitals.
Hybridisation- The process of intermixing of orbitals of slightly different energies so as to produce a new set of orbitals of equivalent energy and shape.
condition for hybridisation
1.The orbitals present in valence shell of the atom are hybridised.
2. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have almost equal energy.
3. The number of hybrid orbitals should equal to number of atomic orbitals that get hybridised.
4. Promotion of electron is not essential prior to hybridisation.
5. Not only half filled orbitals, sometimes filled orbitals also involve in hybridisation.
SP2 hybridisation
In sp2 hybridisation, one s-orbital and two p-orbital of the valence shell intermix and form ...
published: 10 Dec 2021
Boron Trichloride BCl3
In this video I will show the molecular structure of Boron Trichloride
Please like share and subscribe
#chemistry
published: 01 Jan 2024
Boron Trichloride BCl3 Lewis Dot Structure
A video explanation of how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Boron Trichloride, along with information about the compound including Formal Charges, Polarity, Hybrid Orbitals, Shape, and Bond Angles.
Also, don't forget to check out my blog: http://chemistryvideoguides.blogspot.com/ where new Chemistry Video Guides will be posted!
published: 17 Jul 2012
BCl3 (Boron trichloride) Molecular Geometry, Bond Angles (and Electron Geometry)
An explanation of the molecular geometry for the BCl3 (Boron trichloride) including a description of the BCl3 bond angles. The electron geometry for the Boron trichloride is also provided.
The ideal bond angle for the Boron trichloride is 120° since it has a Trigonal planer molecular geometry. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 120°.
To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like BCl3, we complete the following steps:
1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for BCl3: https://youtu.be/8l1IoCVWtI4).
2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.
3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. This will be determined by the numbe...
Debbie, our self-confessed Boron lover, demonstrates the fuming of Boron Tribromide. More links in description below ↓↓↓
Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: ht...
Debbie, our self-confessed Boron lover, demonstrates the fuming of Boron Tribromide. More links in description below ↓↓↓
Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/periodicvideos
A video on every element: http://bit.ly/118elements
More at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://bit.ly/NottChem
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
Debbie, our self-confessed Boron lover, demonstrates the fuming of Boron Tribromide. More links in description below ↓↓↓
Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/periodicvideos
A video on every element: http://bit.ly/118elements
More at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://bit.ly/NottChem
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Boron trichloride (BCl3). To write the formula for Boron trichloride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow s...
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Boron trichloride (BCl3). To write the formula for Boron trichloride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
List of Metalloids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Boron trichloride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Boron trichloride (BCl3). To write the formula for Boron trichloride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
List of Metalloids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Boron trichloride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
To tell if BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that B is a non-metal and Cl is a no...
To tell if BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that B is a non-metal and Cl is a non-metal. When we have a non-metal and a non-metal the compound is usually considered covalent.
Because we have a non-metal and non-metal in BCl3 there will be a difference in electronegativity between B and Cl is less than 2.0. This difference results in an electron(s) being shared between the non-metals. The sharing means that the bond will be considered covalent/molecular.
---
Helpful Resources
Metals, Non-Metals on the P- Table: https://youtu.be/OoooStZQHdA
Ionic, Covalent, & Polar Covalent: https://youtu.be/OHFGXfWB_r4
Electronegativity for each element: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
---
Because we have a combination of a non-metal and non-metal BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is considered an covalent/molecular compound.
In general, covalent compounds compounds:
- have low melting points and boiling points.
- have low enthalpies of fusion and vaporization.
- do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
For more chemistry help, see http://www.Breslyn.org.
To tell if BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that B is a non-metal and Cl is a non-metal. When we have a non-metal and a non-metal the compound is usually considered covalent.
Because we have a non-metal and non-metal in BCl3 there will be a difference in electronegativity between B and Cl is less than 2.0. This difference results in an electron(s) being shared between the non-metals. The sharing means that the bond will be considered covalent/molecular.
---
Helpful Resources
Metals, Non-Metals on the P- Table: https://youtu.be/OoooStZQHdA
Ionic, Covalent, & Polar Covalent: https://youtu.be/OHFGXfWB_r4
Electronegativity for each element: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
---
Because we have a combination of a non-metal and non-metal BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is considered an covalent/molecular compound.
In general, covalent compounds compounds:
- have low melting points and boiling points.
- have low enthalpies of fusion and vaporization.
- do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
For more chemistry help, see http://www.Breslyn.org.
Video shows what boron trichloride means. A binary compound of boron and chlorine, BCl3, it is used in metal refining.. Boron trichloride Meaning. How to prono...
Video shows what boron trichloride means. A binary compound of boron and chlorine, BCl3, it is used in metal refining.. Boron trichloride Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say boron trichloride. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
Video shows what boron trichloride means. A binary compound of boron and chlorine, BCl3, it is used in metal refining.. Boron trichloride Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say boron trichloride. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
This video explains hybridisation and formation of BCl3 ( Boron trichloride) molecule from hybrid orbitals.
Hybridisation- The process of intermixing of orbital...
This video explains hybridisation and formation of BCl3 ( Boron trichloride) molecule from hybrid orbitals.
Hybridisation- The process of intermixing of orbitals of slightly different energies so as to produce a new set of orbitals of equivalent energy and shape.
condition for hybridisation
1.The orbitals present in valence shell of the atom are hybridised.
2. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have almost equal energy.
3. The number of hybrid orbitals should equal to number of atomic orbitals that get hybridised.
4. Promotion of electron is not essential prior to hybridisation.
5. Not only half filled orbitals, sometimes filled orbitals also involve in hybridisation.
SP2 hybridisation
In sp2 hybridisation, one s-orbital and two p-orbital of the valence shell intermix and form four sp2 hybridised orbitals.These hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of equilateral triangle.There is 1/3 s-character and 2/3 p- character in sp2 hybrid orbital.
BCl3, Boron trichloride has sp2 hybridisation
Boron valence electrons -3
Electronic configuration of carbon in ground state 2s2 2px1
In excited state 2s12px12py1
Hybrid state. sp2 ( three orbitals)
Each hybrid sp2 orbital has one unpaired electron and these three orbitals overlap with 2p-orbital of Chlorine and form three B-Cl bonds.
The geometry of the molecule is Trigonal planar and bond angle between Cl-B-Cl is 120 degrees.
This video explains hybridisation and formation of BCl3 ( Boron trichloride) molecule from hybrid orbitals.
Hybridisation- The process of intermixing of orbitals of slightly different energies so as to produce a new set of orbitals of equivalent energy and shape.
condition for hybridisation
1.The orbitals present in valence shell of the atom are hybridised.
2. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have almost equal energy.
3. The number of hybrid orbitals should equal to number of atomic orbitals that get hybridised.
4. Promotion of electron is not essential prior to hybridisation.
5. Not only half filled orbitals, sometimes filled orbitals also involve in hybridisation.
SP2 hybridisation
In sp2 hybridisation, one s-orbital and two p-orbital of the valence shell intermix and form four sp2 hybridised orbitals.These hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of equilateral triangle.There is 1/3 s-character and 2/3 p- character in sp2 hybrid orbital.
BCl3, Boron trichloride has sp2 hybridisation
Boron valence electrons -3
Electronic configuration of carbon in ground state 2s2 2px1
In excited state 2s12px12py1
Hybrid state. sp2 ( three orbitals)
Each hybrid sp2 orbital has one unpaired electron and these three orbitals overlap with 2p-orbital of Chlorine and form three B-Cl bonds.
The geometry of the molecule is Trigonal planar and bond angle between Cl-B-Cl is 120 degrees.
A video explanation of how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Boron Trichloride, along with information about the compound including Formal Charges, Polarity, ...
A video explanation of how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Boron Trichloride, along with information about the compound including Formal Charges, Polarity, Hybrid Orbitals, Shape, and Bond Angles.
Also, don't forget to check out my blog: http://chemistryvideoguides.blogspot.com/ where new Chemistry Video Guides will be posted!
A video explanation of how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Boron Trichloride, along with information about the compound including Formal Charges, Polarity, Hybrid Orbitals, Shape, and Bond Angles.
Also, don't forget to check out my blog: http://chemistryvideoguides.blogspot.com/ where new Chemistry Video Guides will be posted!
An explanation of the molecular geometry for the BCl3 (Boron trichloride) including a description of the BCl3 bond angles. The electron geometry for the Boron t...
An explanation of the molecular geometry for the BCl3 (Boron trichloride) including a description of the BCl3 bond angles. The electron geometry for the Boron trichloride is also provided.
The ideal bond angle for the Boron trichloride is 120° since it has a Trigonal planer molecular geometry. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 120°.
To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like BCl3, we complete the following steps:
1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for BCl3: https://youtu.be/8l1IoCVWtI4).
2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.
3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. This will be determined by the number of atoms and lone pairs attached to the central atom.
If you are trying to find the electron geometry for BCl3 we would expect it to be Trigonal planer.
Helpful Resources:
• How to Draw Lewis Structures: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• Molecular Geometry and VSEPR Explained: https://youtu.be/Moj85zwdULg
• Using the AXE Method for Molecular Geo: https://youtu.be/sDvecTjUZE4
• Molecular Geo App: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
Get more chemistry help at http://www.breslyn.org
Drawing/writing done in InkScape. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
An explanation of the molecular geometry for the BCl3 (Boron trichloride) including a description of the BCl3 bond angles. The electron geometry for the Boron trichloride is also provided.
The ideal bond angle for the Boron trichloride is 120° since it has a Trigonal planer molecular geometry. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 120°.
To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like BCl3, we complete the following steps:
1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for BCl3: https://youtu.be/8l1IoCVWtI4).
2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.
3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. This will be determined by the number of atoms and lone pairs attached to the central atom.
If you are trying to find the electron geometry for BCl3 we would expect it to be Trigonal planer.
Helpful Resources:
• How to Draw Lewis Structures: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• Molecular Geometry and VSEPR Explained: https://youtu.be/Moj85zwdULg
• Using the AXE Method for Molecular Geo: https://youtu.be/sDvecTjUZE4
• Molecular Geo App: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
Get more chemistry help at http://www.breslyn.org
Drawing/writing done in InkScape. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
Debbie, our self-confessed Boron lover, demonstrates the fuming of Boron Tribromide. More links in description below ↓↓↓
Support Periodic Videos on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/periodicvideos
A video on every element: http://bit.ly/118elements
More at http://www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/periodicvideos
And on Twitter at http://twitter.com/periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: http://bit.ly/NottChem
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: http://www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
In this video we'll write the correct formula for Boron trichloride (BCl3). To write the formula for Boron trichloride we’ll use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.
When we have a non-metal and a non-metal we have a molecular compound (sometimes called covalent). Molecular compounds are some of the simplest to name.
List of Metalloids: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid
Keys for Writing the Formulas for Molecular Compounds:
- Write the element symbol for both elements.
- Place a subscript after each element according to its prefix.
Note: Don’t write the subscript '1'.
---------
Prefixes
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
---------
Caution: We only write "mono" for the second element in a molecular compound. So CO would be carbon monoxide. Monocarbon monooxide is incorrect.
---Formula Writing Resources---
• Writing Formulas for Molecular compounds: https://youtu.be/ElhicLT-pCc
• Introduction to Formula Writing: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZR1BGWBaZ1zR3-Dy1RyHA-sfVbhrvBHv
For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Boron trichloride and more, visit:
http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/naming
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (http://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
To tell if BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is ionic or covalent (also called molecular) we look at the Periodic Table that and see that B is a non-metal and Cl is a non-metal. When we have a non-metal and a non-metal the compound is usually considered covalent.
Because we have a non-metal and non-metal in BCl3 there will be a difference in electronegativity between B and Cl is less than 2.0. This difference results in an electron(s) being shared between the non-metals. The sharing means that the bond will be considered covalent/molecular.
---
Helpful Resources
Metals, Non-Metals on the P- Table: https://youtu.be/OoooStZQHdA
Ionic, Covalent, & Polar Covalent: https://youtu.be/OHFGXfWB_r4
Electronegativity for each element: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
---
Because we have a combination of a non-metal and non-metal BCl3 (Boron trichloride) is considered an covalent/molecular compound.
In general, covalent compounds compounds:
- have low melting points and boiling points.
- have low enthalpies of fusion and vaporization.
- do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
For more chemistry help, see http://www.Breslyn.org.
Video shows what boron trichloride means. A binary compound of boron and chlorine, BCl3, it is used in metal refining.. Boron trichloride Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say boron trichloride. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
This video explains hybridisation and formation of BCl3 ( Boron trichloride) molecule from hybrid orbitals.
Hybridisation- The process of intermixing of orbitals of slightly different energies so as to produce a new set of orbitals of equivalent energy and shape.
condition for hybridisation
1.The orbitals present in valence shell of the atom are hybridised.
2. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have almost equal energy.
3. The number of hybrid orbitals should equal to number of atomic orbitals that get hybridised.
4. Promotion of electron is not essential prior to hybridisation.
5. Not only half filled orbitals, sometimes filled orbitals also involve in hybridisation.
SP2 hybridisation
In sp2 hybridisation, one s-orbital and two p-orbital of the valence shell intermix and form four sp2 hybridised orbitals.These hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of equilateral triangle.There is 1/3 s-character and 2/3 p- character in sp2 hybrid orbital.
BCl3, Boron trichloride has sp2 hybridisation
Boron valence electrons -3
Electronic configuration of carbon in ground state 2s2 2px1
In excited state 2s12px12py1
Hybrid state. sp2 ( three orbitals)
Each hybrid sp2 orbital has one unpaired electron and these three orbitals overlap with 2p-orbital of Chlorine and form three B-Cl bonds.
The geometry of the molecule is Trigonal planar and bond angle between Cl-B-Cl is 120 degrees.
A video explanation of how to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Boron Trichloride, along with information about the compound including Formal Charges, Polarity, Hybrid Orbitals, Shape, and Bond Angles.
Also, don't forget to check out my blog: http://chemistryvideoguides.blogspot.com/ where new Chemistry Video Guides will be posted!
An explanation of the molecular geometry for the BCl3 (Boron trichloride) including a description of the BCl3 bond angles. The electron geometry for the Boron trichloride is also provided.
The ideal bond angle for the Boron trichloride is 120° since it has a Trigonal planer molecular geometry. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 120°.
To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like BCl3, we complete the following steps:
1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for BCl3: https://youtu.be/8l1IoCVWtI4).
2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.
3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. This will be determined by the number of atoms and lone pairs attached to the central atom.
If you are trying to find the electron geometry for BCl3 we would expect it to be Trigonal planer.
Helpful Resources:
• How to Draw Lewis Structures: https://youtu.be/1ZlnzyHahvo
• Molecular Geometry and VSEPR Explained: https://youtu.be/Moj85zwdULg
• Using the AXE Method for Molecular Geo: https://youtu.be/sDvecTjUZE4
• Molecular Geo App: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/molecule-shapes/latest/molecule-shapes_en.html
Get more chemistry help at http://www.breslyn.org
Drawing/writing done in InkScape. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl, or BCL2-like 1 isoform 1) is a transmembrane molecule in the mitochondria. It is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, and acts as a pro-survival protein by preventing the release of mitochondrial contents such as cytochrome c, which would lead to caspase activation. It is a well-established concept in the field of apoptosis that relative amounts of pro- and anti-survival Bcl-2 family of proteins define whether the cell will undergo cell death: if more Bcl-xL is present, then pores are non-permeable to pro-apoptotic molecules and the cell survives. However, if Bax and Bak become activated, and Bcl-xL is sequestered away by gatekeeper BH3-only factors (e.g. Bim), causing a pore to form, cytochrome c is released leading to initiation of caspase cascade leading to apoptotic events.
Bcl-xL functions at the level of intrinsic apoptotic pathway, while extrinsic pathway (Fas/TNF death receptors) directly leads to caspase activation. There is a link between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, via caspase-mediated cleavage of BID, which functions to activate pore formation at the mitochondria.
To mitigate the hematologic and immune toxicities observed with venetoclax, lonitoclax was designed with a unique binding mode to improve selectivity for Bcl-2 over Bcl-xL.
Amgen ... APG-1252 is a highly potent, small-molecule based Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor drug. APG-1252 is designed to treat SCLC, NSCLC, lymphoma, and other solid tumors by selectively blocking Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to restore the apoptosis process ... Email.
ROCKVILLE, Md ... Prof ... Dr ... The company has built a rich pipeline of innovative drug candidates that includes novel, highly potent Bcl-2 and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation TKIs.
The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical-stage drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2 and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation TKIs.
Amgen ... APG-1252 is a highly potent, small-molecule based Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor drug. APG-1252 is designed to treat SCLC, NSCLC, lymphoma, and other solid tumors by selectively blocking Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to restore the apoptosis process ... Email.
ROCKVILLE, Md ... Reference. ... ... The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical-stage drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2 and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation TKIs.
ROCKVILLE, Md ... Ascentage Pharma has built a pipeline of 9 clinical-stage drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2, and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation TKIs ... ....
Emerging treatments are exploring diverse mechanisms beyond JAK inhibitors, such as imetelstat (a telomerase inhibitor), navitoclax (an inhibitor of BCL-XL/BCL-2), GB2064 (inhibitors of LOXL2...
The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2, and dual Bcl-2Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
AMG757. Amgen ... APG-1252 is a highly potent, small-molecule based Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor drug. APG-1252 is designed to treat SCLC, NSCLC, lymphoma, and other solid tumors by selectively blocking Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to restore the apoptosis process.
The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2, and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) ... .
Plant saponins like ginsenosides can alleviate insulin resistance by activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-GS signaling pathway, regulating blood glucose levels by lowering the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, JNK phosphorylation levels, and Caspase-3 activity ... .
Researchers showed that senolysis through BCL-xL inhibition improved retinal barrier function in diabetic mice, modifying the retinal microenvironment and reestablishing tissue homeostasis ... The BCL-xL ...
... The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2, and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) ... .
） ... The company has built a pipeline of 9 clinical drug candidates, including novel, highly potent Bcl-2, and dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors, as well as candidates aimed at IAP and MDM2-p53 pathways, and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
The Eagle-Tribune
06 Mar 2024
The Eagle-Tribune
06 Mar 2024