1904 United States presidential election in Florida
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 County Results
Parker 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90%
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| Elections in Florida |
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 Government |
The 1904 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 8, 1904. Voter chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-president.
With the disenfranchisement of African-Americans by a poll tax in 1889,[1] Florida become a one-party Democratic state, which it was to remain until the 1950s, apart from the anti-Catholic vote against Al Smith in 1928. Unlike southern states extending into the Appalachian Mountains or Ozarks, or Texas with its German settlements in the Edwards Plateau, Florida completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Thus Florida's Republican Party between 1872 and 1888 was entirely dependent upon black votes, a fact graphically seen when one considers that – although very few blacks in Florida had ever voted within the previous fifty-five years – at the time of the landmark court case of Smith v. Allwright, half of Florida's registered Republicans were still black.[2] Thus disfranchisement of blacks and poor whites left Florida as devoid of Republican adherents as Louisiana, Mississippi or South Carolina.[3]
Nevertheless, Florida's one-party Democratic rule was to be marginally interrupted in the 1900s by considerable Socialist and Populist growth, centered in Tampa and Jacksonville, and southern Lee County with its "Koreshan Unity" sect[4] Immigrants and farmers fearing loss of tenure were able to give Eugene V. Debs, in the second of his five Presidential runs, over ten percent of the vote in several counties of South Florida, and Populist Thomas E. Watson substantial votes in many pineywoods counties. However, this did not threaten the Democrats' monopoly on statewide power except in Calhoun County which Democratic nominee Alton B. Parker held by just two votes and William Jennings Bryan was to lose in 1908.
Florida was won by the Democratic nominees, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker and his running mate, former US Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. They defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Parker won the state by a landslide margin of 47.65%.
Results
[edit]| 1904 United States presidential election in Florida[5] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Democrat | Alton B. Parker | 27,046 | 68.80% | 5 | |
| Republican | Theodore Roosevelt (incumbent) | 8,314 | 21.15% | 0 | |
| Socialist | Eugene V. Debs | 2,337 | 5.95% | 0 | |
| People's | Thomas E. Watson | 1,605 | 4.08% | 0 | |
| Write-ins[a] | — | 7 | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Totals | 39,302 | 100.00% | 5 | ||
Results by county
[edit]| County | Alton Brooks Parker Democratic |
Theodore Roosevelt Republican |
Eugene Victor Debs[6] Socialist |
Thomas E. Watson[6] People's |
Margin | Total votes cast[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Alachua | 1,277 | 66.41% | 543 | 28.24% | 58 | 3.02% | 45 | 2.34% | 734 | 38.17% | 1,923 |
| Baker | 207 | 61.06% | 120 | 35.40% | 12 | 3.54% | 0 | 0.00% | 87 | 25.66% | 339 |
| Bradford | 633 | 79.32% | 124 | 15.54% | 26 | 3.26% | 15 | 1.88% | 509 | 63.78% | 798 |
| Brevard | 553 | 77.78% | 125 | 17.58% | 30 | 4.22% | 3 | 0.42% | 428 | 60.20% | 711 |
| Calhoun | 162 | 40.81% | 160 | 40.30% | 21 | 5.29% | 54 | 13.60% | 2 | 0.50% | 397 |
| Citrus | 369 | 88.49% | 21 | 5.04% | 17 | 4.08% | 10 | 2.40% | 348 | 83.45% | 417 |
| Clay | 247 | 76.00% | 50 | 15.38% | 26 | 8.00% | 2 | 0.62% | 197 | 60.62% | 325 |
| Columbia | 595 | 60.22% | 317 | 32.09% | 33 | 3.34% | 43 | 4.35% | 278 | 28.14% | 988 |
| Dade | 887 | 69.57% | 307 | 24.08% | 59 | 4.63% | 22 | 1.73% | 580 | 45.49% | 1,275 |
| De Soto | 721 | 71.32% | 188 | 18.60% | 26 | 2.57% | 76 | 7.52% | 533 | 52.72% | 1,011 |
| Duval | 2,011 | 65.65% | 671 | 21.91% | 235 | 7.67% | 146 | 4.77% | 1,340 | 43.75% | 3,063 |
| Escambia | 1,573 | 72.86% | 497 | 23.02% | 66 | 3.06% | 23 | 1.07% | 1,076 | 49.84% | 2,159 |
| Franklin | 336 | 69.28% | 144 | 29.69% | 2 | 0.41% | 3 | 0.62% | 192 | 39.59% | 485 |
| Gadsden | 471 | 87.87% | 54 | 10.07% | 4 | 0.75% | 7 | 1.31% | 417 | 77.80% | 536 |
| Hamilton | 455 | 71.99% | 155 | 24.53% | 6 | 0.95% | 16 | 2.53% | 300 | 47.47% | 632 |
| Hernando | 172 | 85.57% | 12 | 5.97% | 6 | 2.99% | 11 | 5.47% | 160 | 79.60% | 201 |
| Hillsborough | 1,976 | 62.71% | 516 | 16.38% | 441 | 14.00% | 218 | 6.92% | 1,460 | 46.33% | 3,151 |
| Holmes | 284 | 60.04% | 140 | 29.60% | 16 | 3.38% | 33 | 6.98% | 144 | 30.44% | 473 |
| Jackson | 1,186 | 68.59% | 354 | 20.47% | 96 | 5.55% | 93 | 5.38% | 832 | 48.12% | 1,729 |
| Jefferson | 471 | 77.34% | 123 | 20.20% | 9 | 1.48% | 6 | 0.99% | 348 | 57.14% | 609 |
| Lafayette | 275 | 63.36% | 122 | 28.11% | 20 | 4.61% | 17 | 3.92% | 153 | 35.25% | 434 |
| Lake | 529 | 72.66% | 148 | 20.33% | 33 | 4.53% | 18 | 2.47% | 381 | 52.34% | 728 |
| Lee | 266 | 53.96% | 84 | 17.04% | 122 | 24.75% | 21 | 4.26% | 144[b] | 29.21% | 493 |
| Leon | 649 | 87.82% | 84 | 11.37% | 4 | 0.54% | 2 | 0.27% | 565 | 76.45% | 739 |
| Levy | 426 | 69.38% | 151 | 24.59% | 20 | 3.26% | 17 | 2.77% | 275 | 44.79% | 614 |
| Liberty | 143 | 71.14% | 50 | 24.88% | 3 | 1.49% | 5 | 2.49% | 93 | 46.27% | 201 |
| Madison | 595 | 87.76% | 66 | 9.73% | 12 | 1.77% | 5 | 0.74% | 529 | 78.02% | 678 |
| Manatee | 592 | 69.24% | 91 | 10.64% | 124 | 14.50% | 48 | 5.61% | 501 | 58.60% | 855 |
| Marion | 1,091 | 75.14% | 230 | 15.84% | 69 | 4.75% | 62 | 4.27% | 861 | 59.30% | 1,452 |
| Monroe | 680 | 61.21% | 287 | 25.83% | 75 | 6.75% | 69 | 6.21% | 393 | 35.37% | 1,111 |
| Nassau | 509 | 67.33% | 161 | 21.30% | 56 | 7.41% | 30 | 3.97% | 348 | 46.03% | 756 |
| Orange | 874 | 70.09% | 315 | 25.26% | 42 | 3.37% | 16 | 1.28% | 559 | 44.83% | 1,247 |
| Osceola | 271 | 76.77% | 65 | 18.41% | 12 | 3.40% | 5 | 1.42% | 206 | 58.36% | 353 |
| Pasco | 453 | 79.47% | 96 | 16.84% | 10 | 1.75% | 11 | 1.93% | 357 | 62.63% | 570 |
| Polk | 869 | 81.44% | 125 | 11.72% | 57 | 5.34% | 16 | 1.50% | 744 | 69.73% | 1,067 |
| Putnam | 562 | 69.13% | 210 | 25.83% | 16 | 1.97% | 25 | 3.08% | 352 | 43.30% | 813 |
| St. Johns | 550 | 56.76% | 204 | 21.05% | 148 | 15.27% | 67 | 6.91% | 346 | 35.71% | 969 |
| Santa Rosa | 403 | 73.41% | 73 | 13.30% | 46 | 8.38% | 27 | 4.92% | 330 | 60.11% | 549 |
| Sumter | 316 | 63.20% | 61 | 12.20% | 55 | 11.00% | 68 | 13.60% | 248[c] | 49.60% | 500 |
| Suwannee | 584 | 75.84% | 125 | 16.23% | 29 | 3.77% | 32 | 4.16% | 459 | 59.61% | 770 |
| Taylor | 168 | 53.00% | 119 | 37.54% | 4 | 1.26% | 26 | 8.20% | 49 | 15.46% | 317 |
| Volusia | 654 | 62.29% | 263 | 25.05% | 70 | 6.67% | 63 | 6.00% | 391 | 37.24% | 1,050 |
| Wakulla | 233 | 82.33% | 39 | 13.78% | 10 | 3.53% | 1 | 0.35% | 194 | 68.55% | 283 |
| Walton | 354 | 46.89% | 322 | 42.65% | 44 | 5.83% | 35 | 4.64% | 32 | 4.24% | 755 |
| Washington | 414 | 53.35% | 202 | 26.03% | 67 | 8.63% | 93 | 11.98% | 212 | 27.32% | 776 |
| Totals | 27,046 | 68.82% | 8,314 | 21.15% | 2,337 | 5.95% | 1,605 | 4.08% | 18,732 | 47.66% | 39,302 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ These write-in votes were not listed by county.
- ^ In this county where Debs ran second ahead of Roosevelt, margin given is Parker vote minus Debs vote and percentage margin Parker percentage minus Watson percentage.
- ^ In this county where Watson ran second ahead of Roosevelt, margin given is Parker vote minus Watson vote and percentage margin Parker percentage minus Watson percentage.
References
[edit]- ^ Silbey, Joel H. and Bogue, Allan G.; The History of American Electoral Behavior, p. 210 ISBN 140087114X
- ^ See Price, Hugh Douglas; 'The Negro and Florida Politics, 1944-1954'; The Journal of Politics, Vol. 17, No. 2 (May, 1955), pp. 198-220
- ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 208, 210 ISBN 9780691163246
- ^ Griffin, R. Steven; ‘Workers of the Sunshine State, Unite! The Florida Socialist Party during the Progressive Era, 1900-1920’ (thesis)
- ^ "1904 Presidential General Election Results – Florida". Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
- ^ a b Géoelections; Popular Vote for Eugene V. Debs (1904) (.xlsx file for €15)
- ^ Robinson, Edgar Eugene; The Presidential Vote 1896-1932, pp. 156-161 ISBN 9780804716963
