Wadruzi
Wadruzi (kwa Kiarabu: درزي, derzī au durzī, wingi دروز, durūz; kwa Kiebrania דרוזי, drūzī, wingi דרוזים, druzim) ni watu wenye asili ya Mashariki ya Kati wanaofuata dini yao maalumu inayohusiana na Uislamu[1], Uyahudi na Ukristo lakini inategemea zaidi falsafa, ikiheshimu Plato, Aristotle, Sokrates na Akhenaten.[2][3]
Asili
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Al-Hakim, mtawala wa Misri katika karne ya 11 BK, aliunga mkono dini hiyo ambayo ilianzishwa na Hamza bin Ali lakini inamheshimu kuhani Yetro, babamkwe wa Musa, kama nabii mkuu na mwanzilishi wao.
Nyaraka za Hekima ndiyo maandishi ya msingi wa dini hiyo.[4].
Uenezi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Idadi yao si chini ya 1,000,000, ambao nusu yao wanaishi katika mkoa wa Hauran nchini Syria. Waliobaki wanaishi hasa Lebanoni, Israeli, lakini pia Venezuela, Marekani n.k.[5]
Athari katika siasa
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Pamoja na uchache wao kati ya dini za Mashariki ya Kati, walikuwa na athari kubwa katika siasa, hasa nchini Lebanoni walipotawala hadi miaka ya 1860, walipogawana madaraka na Wamaroni. Baada ya uhuru wa nchi hiyo walihesabiwa kuwa madhehebu ya 4 kwa ukubwa. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 hadi mwishoni mwa 1990 walishika nafasi kubwa katika vita vya kupunguza haki za Wakristo nchini ili kushika nafasi zaidi serikalini.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Daftary, Farhad (2013). A History of Shi'i Islam. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 0-85773-524-1.
- ↑ Léo-Paul Dana (1 Jan 2010). Entrepreneurship and Religion. Edward Elgar Publishing. uk. 314. ISBN 978-1-84980-632-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Terri Morrison; Wayne A. Conaway (24 Julai 2006). Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands: The Bestselling Guide to Doing Business in More Than 60 Countries (tol. la illustrated). Adams Media. uk. 259. ISBN 978-1-59337-368-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin (1993). The Druzes: a new study of their history, faith, and society. BRILL. ku. 108–. ISBN 978-90-04-09705-6. Iliwekwa mnamo 17 Machi 2011.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "The Economist". 390 (8618–24). 2009: 49. Iliwekwa mnamo 14 Aprili 2011.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Dana, Nissim (2003), The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status, Sussex University Press, ISBN 1-903900-36-0.
- Hitti, Philip Khūri (1924), Origins of the Druze People and Religion, Forgotten Books, ISBN 1-60506-068-2, iliwekwa mnamo 4 Aprili 2012
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link). - Nisan, Mordechai (2002), Minorities in the Middle East: a history of struggle and self-expression (tol. la 2nd, illustrated), McFarland, ISBN 0-7864-1375-1, iliwekwa mnamo 4 Aprili 2012
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Swayd, Samy S (2006), Historical dictionary of the Druzes, juz. la 3 (tol. la illustrated), Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-5332-9, iliwekwa mnamo 4 Aprili 2012
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Jean-Marc Aractingi, « Les Druzes et la Franc-maçonnerie », in Les Cahiers de l'Orient, no 69, 1er trimestre 2003, Paris : L'Équerre et le Croissant, éditions Les Cahiers de l'Orient
- Jean-Marc Aractingi, « Points de convergence dans les rituels et symboles chez les Druzes et chez les francs-maçons », in Les Cahiers, Jean Scot Erigène, no 8, Franc-maçonnerie et Islamité, Paris: la Grande Loge de France.
- Pinhas Inabri "Pan-Arabism versus Pan-Islam – Where Do the Druze Fit?"- http://jcpa.org/arabism-islam-where-druze-fit/
- Abu Fakhr, Sakr (2000). "Voices from the Golan". Journal of Palestine Studies. 29 (4): 5–36. doi:10.1525/jps.2000.29.4.02p00787.
- Aractingi, Jean-Marc; Lochon, Christian (2008), Secrets initiatiques en Islam et rituels maçonniques-Ismaéliens, Druzes, Alaouites, Confréries soufies, Paris: L'Harmattan, ISBN 978-2-296-06536-9.
- Rabih Alameddine I, the Divine: A Novel in First Chapters, Norton (2002). ISBN 0-393-32356-0.
- B. Destani, ed. Minorities in the Middle East: Druze Communities 1840–1974, 4 volumes, Slough: Archive Editions (2006). ISBN 1-84097-165-7.
- R. Scott Kennedy "The Druze of the Golan: A Case of Non-Violent Resistance" Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Winter, 1984), pp. 48–6.
- Dr. Anis Obeid: The Druze & Their Faith in Tawhid, Syracuse University Press (July 2006). ISBN 0-8156-3097-2.
- Shamai, Shmuel (1990). "Critical Sociology of Education Theory in Practice: The Druze Education in the Golan". British Journal of Sociology of Education. 11 (4): 449–463. doi:10.1080/0142569900110406.
- Samy Swayd The Druzes: An Annotated Bibliography, Kirkland, Washington: ISES Publications (1998). ISBN 0-9662932-0-7.
- Bashar Tarabieh "Education, Control and Resistance in the Golan Heights" Middle East Report, No. 194/195, Odds against Peace (May–Aug., 1995), pp. 43–47.
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