Matematička biologija
Matematička ili teorijska biologija obuhvata interdisciplinarni naučna istraživanja – polje sa širokim spektrom aplikacija. Ova oblast se istovremeno zove i matematička biologija ili biomatematika, sa naglaskom matematičkog pristupa ili teorijska biologija što naglašava biološku stranu. "Postoji suptilna razlika između matematičkih bioloza i teorijskih biologa".
“Matematički biolozi imaju sklonost da se zaposle u matematičkim odjelima i da budu malo više zainteresirani za matematiku inspiriranu biologijom nego biološkim problemima, i obrnuto.“[1]
Teorijski biologija se više fokusira na razvoj teorijskih načela u biologiji, a matematička biologije na korištenje matematičkih alata za proučavanje bioloških sistema, iako se ova dva termina ponekad izmjenjuju.[2][3] Matematički biologija ima za ciljmatematičke prezentacije, liječenje i modeliranje bioloških procesa, koristeći tehnike i alate primijenjene matematike. Ona ima i teorijsku i praktičnu primjenu u biološkim, biomedicinskim i biotehnološkim istraživanjima. Opisujući sisteme u kvantitativnom smislu znači da se njihovo ponašanje može biti bolje simulirati, a time i predviđati njihova svojstva koja možda neće biti vidljiva prilikom eksperimentiranja. To zahtijeva precizne matematičke modele. Matematičke biologija uključuje mnoge komponente matematike,[4] i doprinose razvoju novih tehnika.
Primjena matematike u biologiji ima dugu historiju, ali tek nedavno je došlo do eksplozije interesa za ovu oblast. Neki razlozi za to su:
- Eksplozija skupova informacija sa puno podataka, s obzirom na revoluciju genomike, koje je teško shvatiti bez upotrebe analitičkih alata;
- Nedavni razvoj matematičkih alata, kao što su teorija haosa koji pomažu shvatanje složenih, nelinearnih mehanizama u biologiji;
- Povećanje računarske moći, što olakšava kalkulacije i simulacije, koje prethodno nisu bile moguće;
- Sve veći interes za in silico eksperimente zbog etičkih razloga, rizika, nepouzdanost i drugih komplikacija koje su uključeni u istraživanja na ljudima i životinjama.
Matematička i teorijska biologija imaju nekoliko područja specijaliziranih istraživanja[5][6][7][8][9] kao i vanjski veze sa srodnim projektima na raznim univerzitetima koji su sažeto prikazani u sljedećim stavovima, uključujući i veliki broj odgovarajućih potvrđivanja referenci sa liste od nekoliko hiljada objavljenih autora koji doprinose ovoj oblasti. Mnogi uključeni primjeri odlikuju se vrlo složenim, nelinearnim i supercompleksnim mehanizama, kao što se sve više prepoznaje i to da se rezultat takvih interakcija može shvatiti samo u kombinaciji matematičkih, logičkig, fizičko/hemijskih, molekulskih i kompjuterskih modela. Zbog širokoe raznolikosti uključenih specifičnih znanja, biomatematička istraživanja se često se ostvaruju u suradnji između stručnjaka u oblasti:
- matematike,
- biologije,
- bioinformatike,
- teorijska biologije,
- biostatistike,
- fizike,
- biofizike,
- biohemije,
- bioenergetike,
- fizijatrije,
- biomedicine,
- onkologije,
- molekulske biologe,
- genetike,
- embriologije,
- zoologije,
- hemije, itd .
- ↑ Careers in theoretical biology
- ↑ Longo, Giuseppe; Soto, Ana M. (2016-10-01). „Why do we need theories?”. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches 122 (1): 4–10. DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.06.005.
- ↑ Montévil, Maël; Speroni, Lucia; Sonnenschein, Carlos; Soto, Ana M. (2016-10-01). „Modeling mammary organogenesis from biological first principles: Cells and their physical constraints”. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches 122 (1): 58–69. DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.004.
- ↑ Robeva, Raina (2010). „Mathematical Biology Modules Based on Modern Molecular Biology and Modern Discrete Mathematics”. CBE Life Sciences Education (The American Society for Cell Biology) 9 (3): 227–240. DOI:10.1187/cbe.10-03-0019. PMC 2931670. PMID 20810955. Pristupljeno 17 November 2010.
- ↑ Baianu, I. C.; Brown, R.; Georgescu, G.; Glazebrook, J. F. (2006). „Complex Non-linear Biodynamics in Categories, Higher Dimensional Algebra and Łukasiewicz–Moisil Topos: Transformations of Neuronal, Genetic and Neoplastic Networks”. Axiomathes 16: 65–122. DOI:10.1007/s10516-005-3973-8.
- ↑ Łukasiewicz-Topos Models of Neural Networks, Cell Genome and Interactome Nonlinear Dynamic Models (2004) http://cogprints.org/3701/01/ANeuralGenNetworkLuknTopos_oknu4.pdf/ Arhivirano 2007-07-13 na Wayback Machine-u
- ↑ Complex Systems Analysis of Arrested Neural Cell Differentiation during Development and Analogous Cell Cycling Models in Carcinogenesis (2004) http://cogprints.org/3687/
- ↑ „Research in Mathematical Biology”. Maths.gla.ac.uk. Pristupljeno 2008-09-10.
- ↑ J. R. Junck. Ten Equations that Changed Biology: Mathematics in Problem-Solving Biology Curricula, Bioscene, (1997), 23(1):11-36 New Link (Aug 2010)
- D. Barnes; D. Chu (2010). Introduction to Modelling for Biosciences. Springer Verlag. ISBN 1-84996-325-8.
- Israel G (1988). „On the contribution of Volterra and Lotka to the development of modern biomathematics”. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 10 (1): 37–49. PMID 3045853.
- Scudo FM (March 1971). „Vito Volterra and theoretical ecology”. Theoretical Population Biology 2 (1): 1–23. DOI:10.1016/0040-5809(71)90002-5. PMID 4950157.
- S.H. Strogatz, Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos: Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering. Perseus, 2001, ISBN 0-7382-0453-6
- N.G. van Kampen, Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry, North Holland., 3rd ed. 2001, ISBN 0-444-89349-0
- I. C. Baianu., Computer Models and Automata Theory in Biology and Medicine., Monograph, Ch.11 in M. Witten (Editor), Mathematical Models in Medicine, vol. 7., Vol. 7: 1513-1577 (1987),Pergamon Press:New York, (updated by Hsiao Chen Lin in 2004 ISBN 0-08-036377-6
- P.G. Drazin, Nonlinear systems. C.U.P., 1992. ISBN 0-521-40668-4
- L. Edelstein-Keshet, Mathematical Models in Biology. SIAM, 2004. ISBN 0-07-554950-6
- G. Forgacs and S. A. Newman, Biological Physics of the Developing Embryo. C.U.P., 2005. ISBN 0-521-78337-2
- A. Goldbeter, Biochemical oscillations and cellular rhythms. C.U.P., 1996. ISBN 0-521-59946-6
- L.G. Harrison, Kinetic theory of living pattern. C.U.P., 1993. ISBN 0-521-30691-4
- F. Hoppensteadt, Mathematical theories of populations: demographics, genetics and epidemics. SIAM, Philadelphia, 1975 (reprinted 1993). ISBN 0-89871-017-0
- D.W. Jordan and P. Smith, Nonlinear ordinary differential equations, 2nd ed. O.U.P., 1987. ISBN 0-19-856562-3
- J.D. Murray, Mathematical Biology. Springer-Verlag, 3rd ed. in 2 vols.: Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction, 2002 ISBN 0-387-95223-3; Mathematical Biology: II. Spatial Models and Biomedical Applications, 2003 ISBN 0-387-95228-4.
- E. Renshaw, Modelling biological populations in space and time. C.U.P., 1991. ISBN 0-521-44855-7
- S.I. Rubinow, Introduction to mathematical biology. John Wiley, 1975. ISBN 0-471-74446-8
- L.A. Segel, Modeling dynamic phenomena in molecular and cellular biology. C.U.P., 1984. ISBN 0-521-27477-X
- L. Preziosi, Cancer Modelling and Simulation. Chapman Hall/CRC Press, 2003. ISBN 1-58488-361-8.
- Teorijska biologija
- Bertalanffy, L. v. 1932. Theoretische Biologie. Band I: Allgemeine Theorie, Physikochemie, Aufbau und Entwicklung des Organismus. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
- Bonner, J. T. 1988. The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Hertel, H. 1963. Structure, Form, Movement. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp.
- Mangel, M. 1990. Special Issue, Classics of Theoretical Biology (part 1). Bull. Math. Biol. 52(1/2): 1-318.
- Mangel, M. 2006. The Theoretical Biologist's Toolbox. Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge University Press.
- Prusinkiewicz, P. & Lindenmeyer, A. 1990. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
- Reinke, J. 1901. Einleitung in die theoretische Biologie. Berlin: Verlag von Gebrüder Paetel.
- Schaxel, J. 1919. Grundzüge der Theorienbildung in der Biologie. Jena: Fischer.
- Thompson, D.W. 1942. On Growth and Form. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2. vols.
- Uexküll, J.v. 1920. Theoretische Biologie. Berlin: Gebr. Paetel.
- Vogel, S. 1988. Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Waddington, C.H. 1968-1972. Towards a Theoretical Biology. 4 vols. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.
- Lovrics, Anna; Csikász-Nagy, Attila; Zsély1, István Gy; Zádor, Judit; Turányi, Tamás; Novák, Béla (2006). „Time scale and dimension analysis of a budding yeast cell cycle model”. BMC Bioinform. 9 (7): 494. DOI:10.1186/1471-2105-7-494..
- The Society for Mathematical Biology
- Theoretical and mathematical biology website
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research
- Complexity Discussion Group Arhivirano 2016-01-12 na Wayback Machine-u
- UCLA Biocybernetics Laboratory
- TUCS Computational Biomodelling Laboratory
- Nagoya University Division of Biomodeling
- Technische Universiteit Biomodeling and Informatics
- BioCybernetics Wiki, a vertical wiki on biomedical cybernetics and systems biology[mrtav link]
- Bulletin of Mathematical Biology Arhivirano 2012-10-06 na Wayback Machine-u
- European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology
- Journal of Mathematical Biology[mrtav link]
- Biomathematics Research Centre at University of Canterbury
- Centre for Mathematical Biology at Oxford University Arhivirano 2009-03-27 na Wayback Machine-u
- Mathematical Biology at the National Institute for Medical Research Arhivirano 2005-03-08 na Wayback Machine-u
- Institute for Medical BioMathematics
- Mathematical Biology Systems of Differential Equations from EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations
- Systems Biology Workbench
- The Collection of Biostatistics Research Archive
- Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology Arhivirano 2006-04-20 na Wayback Machine-u
- The International Journal of Biostatistics Arhivirano 2006-03-23 na Wayback Machine-u
- Theoretical Modeling of Cellular Physiology at École Normale Supérieure, Paris
- Biomathematics in the Philippines Arhivirano 2016-01-30 na Wayback Machine-u
- BioMath Modeler
- Spisak referenci
- A general list of Theoretical biology/Mathematical biology references, including an updated list of actively contributing authors Arhivirano 2016-01-19 na Wayback Machine-u.
- A list of references for applications of category theory in relational biology.
- An updated list of publications of theoretical biologist Robert Rosen
- Theory of Biological Anthropology (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English)
- Drawing the Line Between Theoretical and Basic Biology Arhivirano 2011-07-16 na Wayback Machine-u
- Mystery of Prime-numbered Cicadas Arhivirano 2016-01-07 na Wayback Machine-u
- Acta Biotheoretica[mrtav link]
- Bioinformatics Arhivirano 2008-11-22 na Wayback Machine-u
- Biological Theory
- Bulletin of Mathematical Biology Arhivirano 2012-10-06 na Wayback Machine-u
- Ecological Modelling
- Journal of Mathematical Biology[mrtav link]
- Journal of Theoretical Biology
- Journal of the Royal Society Interface Arhivirano 2008-10-05 na Wayback Machine-u
- Mathematical Biosciences
- Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering Arhivirano 2014-01-01 na Wayback Machine-u
- Medical Hypotheses
- Rivista di Biologia-Biology Forum
- Theoretical and Applied Genetics Arhivirano 2012-10-06 na Wayback Machine-u
- Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling
- Theoretical Population Biology