Heparan sulfat

Heparan sulfat (HS) je linearni polisaharid koji je prisutan u svim životinjskim tkivima. On se javlja kao proteoglikan (HSPG) u kome su dva ili tri HS lanca vezana za proteine u blizini ćelijske površine ili u ekstracelularnom matriksu.^[1]^[2] U tom obliku HS se vezuje za niz proteinskih liganda i reguliše mnoštvo bioloških aktivnosti, među kojima su razvojni procesi, angiogeneza, koagulacija krvi i metastaza tumora. Za HS je pokazano da služi kao ćelijski receptor za brojne viruse (npr. respiratorni sincitialni virus^[3]).

Proteoglikani

Glavni HSPG ćelijske membrane su transmembranski sindekani i glikozil-fosfatidilinozitol (GPI) učvršćeni glipikanima. Druge manje zastupljene forme membranskih HSPG sz betaglikan^[4] i V-3 izoforma CD44 prisutna na keratinocitima i aktivirani monociti.^[5]

Literatura

↑ Gallagher, J.T., Lyon, M. (2000). „Molecular structure of Heparan Sulfate and interactions with growth factors and morphogens”. u: Iozzo, M, V.. Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, New York. str. 27–59.
↑ Iozzo, R. V. (1998). „Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function”. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 609–652. DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609. PMID 9759499.
↑ Louay K. Hallak,1 Dorothe Spillmann,2 Peter L. Collins,3 and Mark E. Peeples1 (2000). „Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Requirements for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection”. Journal of Virology 74 (22): 10508-10513. ^{[mrtav link]}
↑ Andres, J. L. i dr.. (1992). „Binding of two growth factor families to separate domains of the proteoglycan betaglycan”. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (9): 5927–30. PMID 1556106.
↑ Jackson, D. G. i dr.. (1995). „Proteoglycan forms of lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the V-3 exon”. J. Cell. Biol 128 (4): 673–685. DOI:10.1083/jcb.128.4.673. PMC 2199896. PMID 7532175.

[1] Gallagher, J.T., Lyon, M. (2000). „Molecular structure of Heparan Sulfate and interactions with growth factors and morphogens”. u: Iozzo, M, V.. Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, New York. str. 27–59.

[2] Iozzo, R. V. (1998). „Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function”. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 609–652. DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609. PMID 9759499.

[3] Louay K. Hallak,1 Dorothe Spillmann,2 Peter L. Collins,3 and Mark E. Peeples1 (2000). „Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Requirements for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection”. Journal of Virology 74 (22): 10508-10513. ^{[mrtav link]}

[4] Andres, J. L. i dr.. (1992). „Binding of two growth factor families to separate domains of the proteoglycan betaglycan”. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (9): 5927–30. PMID 1556106.

[5] Jackson, D. G. i dr.. (1995). „Proteoglycan forms of lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the V-3 exon”. J. Cell. Biol 128 (4): 673–685. DOI:10.1083/jcb.128.4.673. PMC 2199896. PMID 7532175.

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