Thiamine

Thiamine chloride
Names
	IUPAC name 2-[3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl] ethanol
	Ither names Aneurine; Thiamin
Identifiers
CAS Nummer	59-43-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive eemage; Interactive eemage; Interactive eemage;
Beilstein Reference	3581326
ChEBI	CHEBI:33283 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1588 ; ChEMBL1547;
ChemSpider	5819 ;
DrugBank	DB00152 ;
EC Nummer	200-425-3
Gmelin Reference	318226
KEGG	C00378 ;
MeSH	Thiamine
PubChem CID	6042;
UNII	X66NSO3N35 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H17N4OS.ClH/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13;/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15);1H/q+1;/p-1 Key: MYVIATVLJGTBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/C12H17N4OS.ClH/c1-8-11(3-4-17)18-7-16(8)6-10-5-14-9(2)15-12(10)13;/h5,7,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15);1H/q+1;/p-1 Key: MYVIATVLJGTBFV-REWHXWOFAY;
	SMILES [Cl-].Cc1c(CCO)sc[n+]1Cc1cnc(C)nc1N; [Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N; [Cl-].n1c(c(cnc1C)C[n+]2c(c(sc2)CCO)C)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H17ClN4OS
Molar mass	300.81 g·mol−1
	Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Thiamine or thiamin or vitamin B₁ (/ˈθaɪ.əmᵻn/ THY-ə-min), named as the "thio-vitamine" ("sulfur-containin vitamin") is a watter-soluble vitamin o the B complex. First named aneurin for the detrimental neurological effects if nae present in the diet, it wis eventually assigned the generic descriptor name vitamin B₁. Its phosphate derivatives are involved in mony cellular processes. The best-characterized furm is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), a coenzyme in the catabolism o succars an amino acids. Thiamine is uised in the biosynthesis o the neurotransmitter acetylcholine an gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In baurm, TPP is an aa required in the first step o alcoholic fermentation.

Aw livin organisms uise thiamine, but it is synthesized anly in bacteria, fungi, an plants. Ainimals must obtain it frae thair diet, an thus, for them, it is an essential nutrient. Insufficient intake in birds produces a characteristic polyneuritis. In mammals, deficiency results in Korsakoff's syndrome, optic neuropathy, an a disease cried beriberi that affects the peripheral nervous seestem (polyneuritis) an/or the cardiovascular seestem. Thiamine deficiency haes a potentially fatal ootcome if it remains untreatit.^[1] In less severe cases, nonspecific signs include malaise, wicht loss, irritability an confusion.^[2]

References

↑ Mahan, L. K.; Escott-Stump, S., eds. (2000). Krause's food, nutrition, & diet therapy (10th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7904-8.
↑ Combs, G. F. Jr. (2008). The vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health (3rd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-183493-7.