Rapid and Precise Molecular Pathway Modeling of the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle with Human Host Protein and Therapeutic Interactions

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Reactome fast-tracked the annotation of Human Coronavirus infection pathways in collaboration with the COVID-19 Disease Map group. We have described the molecular annotations of the COVID-19 infection process mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, interactions between viral components and human host proteins that mediate the severity of viral infection, and the effects of therapeutics and drug-like compounds on both viral and host proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 pathway annotations will provide a framework for pathway- and network-based data analysis and visualization, which will be critical for interpreting numerous COVID-19 studies now and in the future. 

In collaboration with a team of community experts in virology, drug design, and infectious disease, we assembled the information in two stages. First, a draft annotation associated relevant SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral and host cell proteins with each stage of the infection process and the host's response. These annotations will be immediately useful for identifying additional relevant interacting proteins, for assessing possible effects of variation in the host or viral proteins on specific steps of viral infection, and for identifying possible drug targets. In the second stage, the SARS-CoV-2 map was annotated more extensively to fill in molecular details of each step in these processes highlights differences in the processes mediated by SARS-CoV-2 virus and related coronaviruses. Reactome will continue to incorporate newly validated molecular details as they are uncovered by the research community.

All the data, code, and tools developed within this COVID Disease pathways project will be open source and open access, and freely available for use and re-use to support clinical and translational research projects.

This accelerated annotation project was supported by an administrative supplement grant U41 HG003751-13S1 from the National Human Genome Research Institute.