Isotopen van platina
Het chemisch element platina (Pt), met een atoommassa van 195,084(9) u, bezit 5 stabiele isotopen: 192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt en 198Pt, waarvan 195Pt het meest abundant is (ongeveer 33,8%). Daarnaast komt in de natuur ook de radio-isotoop 190Pt voor, die een halfwaardetijd van 650 miljard jaar bezit. De overige 30 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van platina is 166Pt, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 300 microseconden. De langstlevende is 190Pt, met een halfwaardetijd van 650 miljard jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 166Pt | 78 | 88 | 165,99486(54) | 300(100) µs | 0+ | ||||
| 167Pt | 78 | 89 | 166,99298(44) | 700(200) µs | 7/2− | ||||
| 168Pt | 78 | 90 | 167,98815(22) | 2,00(18) ms | α | 164Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 168Ir | ||||||||
| 169Pt | 78 | 91 | 168,98672(22) | 3,7(15) ms | α | 165Os | 3/2- | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 169Ir | ||||||||
| 170Pt | 78 | 92 | 169,982495(20) | 14,0(2) ms | α (98%) | 166Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (2%) | 170Ir | ||||||||
| 171Pt | 78 | 93 | 170,98124(9) | 51(2) ms | α (99%) | 167Os | 3/2− | ||
| β+ (1%) | 171Ir | ||||||||
| 172Pt | 78 | 94 | 171,977347(14) | 98,4(24) ms | α (77%) | 168Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (23%) | 172Ir | ||||||||
| 173Pt | 78 | 95 | 172,97644(6) | 365(7) ms | α (84%) | 169Os | 5/2− | ||
| β+ (16%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
| 174Pt | 78 | 96 | 173,972819(13) | 0,889(17) s | α (83%) | 170Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (17%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
| 175Pt | 78 | 97 | 174,972421(20) | 2,53(6) s | α (64%) | 171Os | 5/2− | ||
| β+ (36%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
| 176Pt | 78 | 98 | 175,968945(15) | 6,33(15) s | β+ (62%) | 176Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (38%) | 172Os | ||||||||
| 177Pt | 78 | 99 | 176,968469(16) | 10,6(4) s | β+ (94,4%) | 177Ir | 5/2− | ||
| α (5,6%) | 173Os | ||||||||
| 177mPt | 147,4(4) keV | 2,2(3) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
| 178Pt | 78 | 100 | 177,965649(12) | 21,1(6) s | β+ (92,3%) | 178Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (7,7%) | 174Os | ||||||||
| 179Pt | 78 | 101 | 178,965363(10) | 21,2(4) s | β+ (99,76%) | 179Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (0,24%) | 175Os | ||||||||
| 180Pt | 78 | 102 | 179,963031(12) | 56(2) s | β+ (99,7%) | 180Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (0,3%) | 176Os | ||||||||
| 181Pt | 78 | 103 | 180,963097(16) | 52,0(22) s | β+ (99,93%) | 181Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (0,074%) | 177Os | ||||||||
| 182Pt | 78 | 104 | 181,961171(17) | 2,2(1) min | β+ (99,96%) | 182Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (0,038%) | 178Os | ||||||||
| 183Pt | 78 | 105 | 182,961597(17) | 6,5(10) min | β+ (99,99%) | 183Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (0,0096%) | 179Os | ||||||||
| 183m1Pt | 34,50(8) keV | 43(5) s | β+ (99,99%) | 183Ir | 7/2− | ||||
| α (4 × 10−4%) | 179Os | ||||||||
| IT | 183Pt | ||||||||
| 183m2Pt | 195,68(11) keV | > 150 ns | 9/2+ | ||||||
| 184Pt | 78 | 106 | 183,959922(19) | 17,3(2) min | β+ (99,99%) | 184Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (0,00169%) | 180Os | ||||||||
| 184mPt | 1839,4(16) keV | 1,01(5) ms | IT | 184Pt | 8− | ||||
| 185Pt | 78 | 107 | 184,96062(4) | 70,9(24) min | β+ (99,99%) | 185Ir | (9/2+) | ||
| α (0,005%) | 181Os | ||||||||
| 185mPt | 103,4(2) keV | 33,0(8) min | β+ (98%) | 185Ir | (1/2−) | ||||
| α (2%) | 181Os | ||||||||
| 186Pt | 78 | 108 | 185,959351(23) | 2,08(5) uur | β+ (99,99%) | 186Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (1,4 × 10−4%) | 182Os | ||||||||
| 187Pt | 78 | 109 | 186,96059(3) | 2,35(3) uur | β+ | 187Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 188Pt | 78 | 110 | 187,959395(6) | 10,2(3) d | EV (99,99%) | 188Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (2,6 × 10−5%) | 184Os | ||||||||
| 189Pt | 78 | 111 | 188,960834(12) | 10,87(12) uur | β+ | 189Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 189m1Pt | 172,80(6) keV | 464(25) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
| 189m2Pt | 191,6(4) keV | 143(5) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 190Pt | 78 | 112 | 189,959932(6) | 6,5(3) × 1011 jaar | α | 186Os | 0+ | 1,4(1) × 10−4 | |
| 191Pt | 78 | 113 | 190,961677(5) | 2,862(7) dagen | EV | 191Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 191m1Pt | 100,67(2) keV | > 1 µs | 9/2− | ||||||
| 191m2Pt | 149,04(2) keV | 95(5) µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
| 192Pt | 78 | 114 | 191,9610380(27) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,00782(7) | |||
| 193Pt | 78 | 115 | 192,9629874(18) | 50(6) jaar | EV | 193Ir | 1/2− | ||
| 193mPt | 149,78(4) keV | 4,33(3) dagen | IT | 193Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| 194Pt | 78 | 116 | 193,9626803(9) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,32967(99) | |||
| 195Pt | 78 | 117 | 194,9647911(9) | stabiel | 1/2− | 0,33832(10) | |||
| 195mPt | 259,30(8) keV | 4,010(5) dagen | IT | 195Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| 196Pt | 78 | 118 | 195,9649515(9) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,25242(41) | |||
| 197Pt | 78 | 119 | 196,9673402(9) | 19,8915(19) uur | β− | 197Au | 1/2− | ||
| 197mPt | 399,59(20) keV | 95,41(18) min | IT (96,7%) | 197Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| β− (3,3%) | 197Au | ||||||||
| 198Pt | 78 | 120 | 197,967893(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,07163(55) | |||
| 199Pt | 78 | 121 | 198,970593(3) | 30,80(21) min | β− | 199Au | 5/2− | ||
| 199mPt | 424(2) keV | 13,6(4) s | IT | 199Pt | (13/2)+ | ||||
| 200Pt | 78 | 122 | 199,971441(22) | 12,5(3) uur | β− | 200Au | 0+ | ||
| 201Pt | 78 | 123 | 200,97451(5) | 2,5(1) min | β− | 201Au | (5/2−) | ||
| 202Pt | 78 | 124 | 201,97574(32) | 44(15) uur | β− | 202Au | 0+ | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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