Adaptatio

Imagines A et B veras vespas, aliae imitationem Batesianam monstrant: tris syrphidas (C, D, E) et unum coleopterum (F).

Adaptatio in biologia tris significationes cognatas offert. Prima est vehemens ratio evolutionaria, quae organismos ad eorum circumiecta accommodat, eorum convenientiam naturae amplificans. Deinde status est, quem multitudo per illam rationem attinet. Tertio proprietas phaenotypica (vel proprietas adaptiva) est, cui partes officiales in quoque organismo singulari agit^?, et quae per selectionem naturalem continenter mutatur.

Adaptatio ex aevo philosophorum Graeciae antiquae, sicut Empedoclis et Aristotelis, describitur. In theologia naturali saeculorum duodevicensimi et undevicensimi, indiciis deitatis exstantis proderat. Carolus Darwin potius adaptationem per selectionem naturalem explicari posuit.

Insecta pollinantia cum plantis florentibus coadaptantur.

Adaptatio convenientiae biologicae cognata est, quae proportionem evolutionis gubernat, per mutationem crebritatis genorum aestimatam. Duae aut plures species saepe inter se adaptantur et sese coevolvunt, cum adaptationes excolerent, quae cum adaptationibus aliarum specierum intertexerentur, sicut plantarum florentium et insectorum pollinantium. In ratione imitatio appellata species crescunt, ut aliarum specierum similes sint; praeterea in imitatione Muelleriana haec coevolutio est mutuo commoda, quia quisque in specierum grege valide defenso (sicut vespae, quae icere possunt) praesidia sua similiter divulgaret. Proprietates ad unam causam evolutae ad aliam adhiberi possunt, ut cum segregantes dinosauriorum pinnae volatui exaptarentur.

Nonnulli generalistae, sicut aves, sese ad regiones urbanas adaptare possunt.

Adaptatio est maior res in philosophia biologiae, quia opus et propositum (teleologiam) tractat. Aliquot biologi vocabula, quae futuras fines in adaptatione indicant, evitare conantur, praecipue quia de consiliis divinis monent, sed alii dicunt adaptationi finem nesessariam esse.

Nexus interni

• Memoria adaptiva
• Mutatio adaptiva
• Evolvabilitas
• Pressura evolutionaria
• Systema adaptivum

Bibliographia

Pinnae Sinosauropterygis, dinosaurii pinnis praediti, segregationis causae proderant, unde autem exaptatio volatus erant.

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