éèæ¿ã®ä¼æçµè·¯
Frederic S. Mishkinã®æç§æ¸ "The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets" ã¯ãã°ãããããè¤å·»ãããã¯ããã£ããã¸ãã¯ã®çè«çèæ¯ãæ¸ãã¦ããããèªãã®ã«å年以ä¸ãããã£ããæ¬å½ã«èªãã§ããã£ãã¨æãããã¨ã¦ãéè¦ãªæ¬ãªã®ã§æ¥æ¬èªè¨³ãã§ãã°ããã®ã«ã
- ä½è : Frederic S. Mishkin
- åºç社/ã¡ã¼ã«ã¼: Addison Wesley
- çºå£²æ¥: 2006/09/01
- ã¡ãã£ã¢: ãã¼ãã«ãã¼
- ã¯ãªãã¯: 13å
- ãã®ååãå«ãããã° (4件) ãè¦ã
Chapter 23 Transmission Mechanisms of Monetary Policy: The Evidence ã«ã¯éèæ¿çã®å¹æã®ä¼æçµè·¯ã«ã¤ãã¦ãããªãµãã«ã¾ã¨ãã¦ããã
(1) Traditional Interest-Rate Channel
ãã¸ãã¹ã«ãããæè³å¤æ以å¤ã«ãã家è¨é¨éã®ä½å®
æè³ãèä¹
æ¶è²»è²¡è³¼å
¥ããã®çµè·¯ã§ä½ç¨ããã
ãã¸ãã¹ã家è¨ã¯åç®éå©ã§ã¯ãå®è³ªéå©ãè¦ã¦å¤æãã¦ããã
ä¾¡æ ¼æ°´æºã¯ãã£ããå¤åãããããä¸å¤®éè¡ã®åç®çæéå©ã®å¼ãä¸ãã¯å®è³ªçæéå©ããå¼ãä¸ããããé·æéå©ã¯å°æ¥ã®æå¾
çæéå©ã®å¹³åã¨èããããã®ã§ãä½ãå®è³ªçæéå©ãé·ãç¶ãã¨å®è³ªé·æéå©ãä½ä¸ããããçæã»é·æã®å®è³ªä½éå©ã¯æè³ãå¢å ãããã
åç®éå©ãããã¬ã§ã¼ãã«å¼µãä»ãã¦ãã¦ããå°æ¥ã«ãããéèç·©åæ¿çã®ã³ãããã¡ã³ããæå¾
ã¤ã³ãã¬çãä¸æããããã¨ãã§ããå®è³ªéå©(=åç®éå©-æå¾
ã¤ã³ãã¬ç)ãä½ä¸ãããããããããã«ããæè³æ¯åºãåºæ¿ã§ããã
次ã®ï¼ã¤ã¯è³ç£ä¾¡æ ¼ã«ããçµè·¯
(2) Exchange Rate Effects on Net Export
- éèç·©åã=>ãå®è³ªéå©ä½ä¸ã=>ãèªå½é貨ã®æ¸ä¾¡ã=>ã(輸åºâè¼¸å ¥)ã®å¢å ã=>ãGDPå¢
ãçºæ¿ã¬ã¼ãã¯éèæ¿çã®å½å
çµæ¸ã¸ã®å¹æã®çµè·¯ã¨ãã¦éè¦ãªã¨ãæè¿ã®ç 究ã§å¤æãããã¨ã®ãã¨ã
éèç·©åãã¦ãããã¬ã§å®è³ªéå©ãé«ãã¾ã¾ã ã¨çºæ¿ã®çµè·¯ãåããªãã®ã§çµæ¸ã¸ã®å¹æãæ¸ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¨ããããããã ããããçºæ¿æ¿çãéè¦ã¨ããã®ãè¤å·»ããã®ä¸»å¼µã
(3) Tobin's q Theory
- éèç·©åã=>ãæ ªä¾¡ä¸æã=>ããã¼ãã³ã®qã®å¢å ã=>ãæè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
ãã¼ãã³ã®qã¨ã¯ãä¼ç¤¾ã®å¸å ´ä¾¡å¤/ä¼ç¤¾ã®è³æ¬ã®å調éã³ã¹ãã
æ ªä¾¡ãé«ã q > 1 ãªãã°è¨åçã調éããã»ããå®ãç¶æ
ãªã®ã§æè³ãé²ãããå¥ã®è¦æ¹ãããã¨ãå¸å ´ããã®ä¼æ¥ã®å°æ¥ã®æé·ãå¼·æ°ã§ç¹ãè¾¼ãã§ããç¶æ
ãªã®ã§ä¼æ¥ãå¼·æ°ã«æè³ããã
éèç·©åæã«ãªãæ ªä¾¡ãä¸æãããï¼ãã人ã
ã¯å¿
è¦ã¨ãã以ä¸ã«ãã«ããããã®ãè¦åºãä½ããè²·ã£ã¦ãã«ãã使ããã¨ãããã人ã
ãæ ªå¼å¸å ´ã§ãã«ãã使ããã¨ããã°æ ªå¼ã®éè¦ãé«ã¾ãæ ªä¾¡ãä¸ããã
åæ§ã®ãã¸ãã¯ã§ãä½å®
ä¾¡æ ¼ã調éã³ã¹ãï¼å»ºç¯è²»çï¼ãä¸åããªãã°ãä½å®
æè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢ãã¨ãªãã
(4) Welth Effect ï¼è³ç£å¹æï¼
- éèç·©åã=>ãæ ªä¾¡ä¸æã=>ãå¯(Welth)ã®å¢å ã=>ãæ¶è²»å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
æ¶è²»è
ã¯æ¥ã
ã®åå
¥ã ãã§æ¶è²»ã決ãã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªãããæ¶è²»è
ã¯ç涯ã«ãããé·æã®è¦ç¹ã§æ¶è²»éã決ãã¦ããããæ ªå¼çéèè³ç£ã®ä¾¡æ ¼ãä¸ããã°ç涯ã«ãããæ¶è²»ã®ãªã½ã¼ã¹ãè±ãã«ãªãã®ã§ãä»æ¥ã®åå
¥ãã貯èã«åãã¶ããã¸ããã¦æ¶è²»ãå¢ãããã¨ãã§ãããã
ä½å®
ä¾¡æ ¼ãä¸æããã°åæ§ãªãã¸ãã¯ã§ãæ¶è²»å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢ãã¨ãªãã
次ã®ï¼ã¤ã¯ä¿¡ç¨ã¨è²¸ãåºãã«é¢ä¿ããçµè·¯
(5) Bank Lending Channel
- éèç·©åã=>ãé éå¢ã=>ããã¼ã³å¢ã=>ãæè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
éèç·©åã§éè¡ãä¸å¤®éè¡ã«ããã¦ããå½åº§é éãåãå
¥ãã¦ããé éãå¢ããã¨ã貸ãåºãå¯è½ãªè³éãå¢ããåãå
¥ãã«ããæè³æ¯åºãå¢ããããåãå
¥ãã«ããæ¶è²»è
ã®æ¶è²»ãå¢ããããã
å¸å ´ããç´æ¥è³é調éã§ããªãä¸å°ä¼æ¥ã®æè³æ¯åºã¯ãã®çµè·¯ã§éèç·©åã®å¹æãåããã
(6) Balance Sheet Channel
- éèç·©åã=>ãæ ªä¾¡ä¸æã=>ãç´è³ç£å¢ã=>ãéé¸ææ¸ã»ã¢ã©ã«ãã¶ã¼ãæ¸ã=>ã貸ãåºãå¢ã=>ãæè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
éè¡ã¯åæã®æ¬å¿ãåãããªãã¨ããæ å ±ã®é対称æ§ãããããã«ããè¿ãæå³ãå°ãªã人ã»ã©åããããï¼éé¸æï¼ã¨ãåããéãè¿ãææãæ¸ããï¼ã¢ã©ã«ãã¶ã¼ãï¼ã¨ãã£ãåé¡ãé¿ããããéè¡ã¯åæã®ç´è³ç£ã«æ³¨ç®ããããæ ªä¾¡ã¨ãä¸åç£ä¾¡æ ¼ãä¸æããåæã®ç´è³ç£ãå¢å ããã°ãåé¡ã¯ããã«ãããªããæ ä¿ä¾¡å¤ãå¢ããããã貸ãåºããå¢ãããã
(7) Cache Flow Channel
- éèç·©åã=>ãåç®éå©ä½ä¸ã=>ããã£ãã·ã¥ããã¼å¢ã=>ãéé¸ææ¸ã»ã¢ã©ã«ãã¶ã¼ãæ¸ã=>ã貸ãåºãå¢ã=>ãæè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
åç®éå©ãæ¸ãã°ä¼ç¤¾ã«æ®ãéãå¢ãããããã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ããã¼æ¹åã¯ä¼ç¤¾ãä¸å¸¯ã®æµåæ§ãæ¹åãè³éç¹°ãã«çª®ããå¯è½æ§ãæ¸ããã®ã§ã貸ãåºããå¢ãããããã¾ãããã£ãã·ã¥ããã¼å¢ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ããæ¹åããã®ã§è²¸ãæã¯ä¼ç¤¾ãä¸å¸¯ã®æ¯æè½åã®æ¹åãèªèãã貸ãåºããå¢ããããããã®çµè·¯ã¯åç®éå©ãä½ç¨ããããããã«çæéå©ã®è² åµã¯å®¶è¨ãä¼æ¥ã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ããã¼ã«å¤§ããå½±é¿ããã
é«éå©ã§ãã«ããåããã人ãä¼ç¤¾ã¯ãªã¿ã¼ã³ã大ããããã¤ãªã¹ã¯ãªæè³ãããããã§ãããããªã¹ã¯ãé«ããã¦è²¸ããªãããéèç·©åã«ããå¸å ´éå©ä½ä¸ã§ãã¼ãªã¹ã¯ã»ãã¼ãªã¿ã¼ã³ã®åãæã«è²¸ãåºããã§ããããã«ãªãã貸ãåºãå¢ã¨ãªãã
(8) Unanticipated Price Level Channel
- éèç·©åã=>ãæ³å®å¤ã®ç©ä¾¡æ°´æºã®ä¸æã=>ãå®è³ªç´è³ç£å¢ã=>ãéé¸æã»ã¢ã©ã«ãã¶ã¼ãæ¸ã=>ã貸ãåºãå¢ã=>ãæè³å¢ã=>ãGDPå¢
å é²å½ã§ã¯è² åµã®æ¯æãã¯åç®å¤ã§ããããã¤ã¾ãåºå®éå©ã§åéã§ããããäºæãã¬ï¼ç¹ãè¾¼ã¾ãã¦ããªãã£ãï¼ç©ä¾¡æ°´æºä¸æã¯åãæã®å®è³ªçãªå¯ã®å¢å ã¨ãªãããã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ãã®æ¹åã§ã貸ãæã¯è²¸ãåºããå¢ããããã
以ä¸ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ãã«ä½ç¨ããçµè·¯ã¯ä¼æ¥ã ãã§ã¯ãªã家è¨ã®èä¹ æ¶è²»è²¡ãä½å® æè³ã«ãä½ç¨ãããã
(9) Household Liquidity Effects
- éèç·©åã=>ãæ ªä¾¡ä¸æã=>ãéèè³ç£ã®å¢ä¾¡ã=>ããã¡ã¤ãã³ã¹çé¼è¿«ã®ãããã®ä½ä¸ã=>ãèä¹ æ¶è²»è²¡ã»ä½å® ã¸ã®æ¯åºåã=>ãGDPå¢
æ
å ±ã®é対称æ§ã¨ããç¹ã§èä¹
æ¶è²»è²¡ã家ã¯ã¨ã¦ãéæµåçãªè³ç£ã§ããã®ã§ãæ³å®å¤ã®åå
¥æ¸ã«è¦èãããããè³ç£ãæ¥ãã§æéãããã¨ããã¨è²·ãå©ããæãããããä¸æ¹ãéèè³ç£ã¯ããã«ç¾éã«å¤ããããããéèç·©åã«ããæ ªä¾¡ä¸æã¯éèè³ç£ã®å¢å ã¨ãªãã家è¨ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ãï¼æµåæ§ï¼ãæ¹åãã家è¨ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ãã®æ¹åã¯ã家è¨ã®æµåæ§ãæ¹åãããã¨ã§ã家è¨ã®èä¹
æ¶è²»è²¡æ¯åºãä½å®
æè³ã®æ欲ã«ä½ç¨ãããã家è¨ã¯åãããã¨ããæ°ã«ããªãã
ã¾ããéèç·©åã«ããè² åµã®å©åä½ä¸ã¯å®¶è¨ã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ããã¼ãæ¹åãããã¨ã§ããã¡ã¤ãã³ã¹çé¼è¿«ã®æããä½ä¸ããã以ä¸åæ§ã¨ããçµè·¯ãããã
ãã¦ãè¤å·»ããã®ãã¾ãã¾ãªãããã¬ã³ãã¯ã©ãã«ããããï¼
- ã1ãã«200åã§æ¥æ¬çµæ¸ã®å¤ã¯æããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å¿ ãããè©å¤ãè¯ããªãçºæ¿æ¿çã¯ããºããª(2)ã®çµè·¯ãããã¨ã¦ãè¯ãå©ããã¨Mishikinç¾FRBçäºã¯ä¸å¤®éè¡ã®éèæ¿çã解ãæç§æ¸ã«æ¸ãã¦ããããSumsongã®èºé²ã¯çºæ¿ã®å¹æã ã¨åSONYä¼é·ãè¨ãã
- ãè³ç£ã¤ã³ãã¬ãã¯ã(3), (4), (6), (9)ã®çµè·¯ã§ä½ç¨ããã
- ãç©ä¾¡é«ãã¯ãå®è³ªéå©ãå¼ãä¸ããå¹æãéã(1)ã®çµè·¯ãã¾ãã(8)ã®çµè·¯ã§ãä½ç¨ã社åµãçºè¡ããä¼æ¥ãåºå®éå©ã®ä½å® ãã¼ã³ãæã¤å®¶è¨ã«ãã©ã¹ã®ä½ç¨ã
æè¿ã®ç³æ²¹ãé£ç¨æ²¹ã»å°éº¦ç²çã®å¤ä¸ãã¯æ¯æ°ãå·ããã¨ãã¬ãã®è©è«å®¶è«¸æ°ã¯ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããç§ã¯ã
- å®è³ªéå©ãä¸ããå¹æãããããããªããï¼
- ããã¬ãã¤ã³ãããè±å´ããå¿ççå¹æãããããããªããï¼
- ãã³ãå¤ä¸ããããã°ãã³å±ããã¯å¤§å¤ãããããªãããå°éº¦ã®éè¦ãç±³ã«ç§»åããã°è¾²å®¶ã®æå¾ã«ãã©ã¹ã ããè¾²å°ä¾¡æ ¼ã«ãã©ã¹ãªãã°è³ç£å¹æãéã農家ã®æè³ãæ¶è²»ã«ãã©ã¹ã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããï¼ã
- ä¼æ¥ã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã·ã¼ããã²ã¨ããã«æ¯ã¹ãã°ããã¶ãè¯ããªã£ãããæ¶è²»ãå¢ããªãã¨æ¯æ°ãè¯ããªããè¦ããã®ã¯ä¼æ¥ãªã®ã§ãæ¥éã¯ãããªã«ã²ã©ããªãã ããã
- æ¥ç±³éå©å·®ã縮å°ãããããã·ã«ã´å ç©ã§åãã³ã°ã®ææ©ãã¸ã·ã§ã³ãç©ã¿ããã£ã¦ããããä½ãã®ãã£ããã§ãã¸ã·ã§ã³è§£æ¶ã§ãã³ã¨åå®ã«ãªãã°æ¥æ¬ã®æ ªä¾¡ã¯æ»ããè¯ãè³ç£å¹æãä½ç¨ãããããããªãã
- ããã¹ä¼è°ã§ç¦ç°ç·çã¯æ¯æ°åºæ¿çãæ±ããããããããã財æ¿æ¿çã¯ç¡çã ããéèæ¿çã§å©ä¸ãããã«ããã£ã0.5%ããä¸ããããªãããã°ãã¼ãã«çµæ¸ã«è²¢ç®ã§ããã¨ãããçºæ¿æ¿çã ããã
ãããªé¢¨ã«æã£ã¦ãã¾ãããç¡æ¹å¤ã«ãããä¿¡ãããã¦ããã¾ãã¾ããã