Ammonia
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Romi
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Ammonia ek rosainik somyug (compound). SutrH NH3 ugr vas axil'lo ronghin vayu. Hachea somyuganchi mahiti monxak purvil'lea kalla saun asa. I. So.Po. Chouthea xotmanant ijiptantole lok unttachem xenn lastokoch ji kajlli toyar zata tiche posun omeniyom' kloraidd (nousagor) toyar kortale. Tem toyar korpachi suvat jyupittor omenchea deulla kodden axil'li. Dekhun tea lounnak ‘sal omoniak’ mhollear ‘soltt ef omon’ oxem-i mhonnttalem. Tea kallant omoniyom' kloraidd bazarant viktem mellttalem. Tem unttachem xenn va mut ani mitth ekttham-i tapoun toyar kortale. Purvil'lea bhartant legit xennkhot bhazun va vittanche bhatt'ttentlean tem melloitale.
1774 vorsa pristtoli hannem nousagor ani chunkolli hanchem urdhvopaton (distillation) korun vayurup omonia todear kelo. Tache poilim omonia hem svotontr somyug asa mhunn konnak khobor naxil'lem. Pristtoli hannem taka ‘alkaline air’ oxem namv dil'lem. 1785 to omoniachem vijeche kittin opghotton (decomposition) korun tachem rosainik songhtton NH3 asa osem bertelo hannem sidhd kelem. Vatauronnant ani pausachea udkant omoniachem karbonett asta. Zonauranche ani vonspotinche naitterozonoyukt ghottok kustona omonia vayu toyar zata. Xetache matyent, doreachea udkant, zonauranchea mutant ani jvalamukhintlean bhair yeupi vayunt legit omonia asta.
Gunnodhorm
[बदल]hoveporos lhou, gotthnnobindu (freezing point): -78° se. Ukoll bindu (boiling point): -33° se. , krantik tapman (critical temperature): 133° se. Samany tapmanant dab divn hea vayuk sohoz drourup korum yeta. Omonia udkant samko vidrauy (soluble) asta. Samany dab ani tapman 20° se. Aslear udkachea bharachea 33.1% itlea promannant to virgollotta. Udkant omonia virgollottona borich uxnnota toyar zata. Hovent to sohoz zollna, punn eksizonant nettan zolltta. Tachi vat holldduvi asta. Hovechim ani tachim kaim promannantolim mixronnam sfottok astat. Samany tapmanant omonia thir asta punn uchch tapmanant tachem opghotton (decomposition) zaupak lagta ani ghottok- muldroveam mukt zaupak lagtat. Jea prixtthakodde vayucho somprk yeta tea prixtthachea svorupacher opghottonacho veg patieono asta. Omoniacher komvchecho kosloch porinnam' zaina. Punn chini mati, tikhem, nikel, zost hanche kodden somprk ailear mat opghottonacho veg khub vaddtta.
Vikria (Reaction)
[बदल]1. Omonia ani eksizon hanchi vikria zaun naittrozon ani udok toyar zata.
2. Kopor eksaidd sarkim eksaiddam tapoun tanchea voilean vayurup omonia soddlear vikria zata ani omonia posun naittrozon ani udok toyar zata. Hi vikria uchch tapmanant ghoddtta. Punn pottroxiyom' pormongonett sarkim bollixtt eksiddikarok somyugam aslear hich vikria samany tapmanant zata. 2NH3 + 2KMnO4 -> 2KOH + 2MnO2 + 2H2 + 2H2 O + N2.
3. Omoniachi ani klorinochi vikria don toramni zataH o) omonia chodd promannant aslear naitterozon vibhkt (discrete) zata.
A) klorin chodd promannant aslear naittrozon ttraikloraidd (NCl3) hem holldduvea rongachem sfottok tel toyar zata.
4. Omonia kxarki-i (basic) axil'lean omela kodden vikria zaun tachim lounnam (salts) toyar zatat.
5. Tapil'lea dhon vidiyut bharit dhatu kodden (positively charged metal) omoniachi vikria zaun soddamaidd (NaNH2), megnexiyom' naittraidd (Mg3 N2) him somyugam toyar zatat.
6. Kaim dhatunchim lokxonnam omonia xoxun ghetat ani tanchi dhon (positive) omainam toyar zatat. DekhikH CaCl2 . 8NH3 him tapoitokoch mat tancheantolo omonia vayu vota.
7. Omoniyom' haiddroksaidd (NH4 OH) ho omoniacho udkantolo kxari-i vidravo. Ho dubllo kxar (olkoli) axil'lean omlanchem udasinikoronn (neutralization) korun tachim NH4 + ain axil'lim lounnam toyar korpak vaprotat.
DekhikH NH4 OH + HCl -> NH4 Cl + H2 O
8. Hova ani omonia (10%) hem mixronn tapoil'lea plettinom' sarkea utpreka voilea (catalyst) dhaddlear naittrik eksaidd (NO) melltta ani tachea posun naittrik oml toyar kortat.
9. Karboni rosain xastrantlea (organic chemistry) aemono – vichchhedona katir omoniacho khub upeg zata.
KritiH proyogoxallent thoddea promannant omonia oso toyar kortatH-
o) omoniachem koslem-i lounn va kxar ekttham-i tapoun; dekhikH Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl -> 2NH3 + 2H2O + CaCl2 kelxiyom' omoniyom' omonia udok kelxiyom'
haiddroksaidd kloraidd kloraidd.
Bhair ayil'lo vayu chunkollintlean soddun suko kortat. A) sapekxota odik dhonvidyut naittraiddanchem udkan opghotton korun , dekhik-
Mg3N2 + 6H2 O - > 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
megnexiyom' udok megnexiyom' omonia
haiddroksaidd haiddroksaidd.
Udyegik utpadon
[बदल]Fatrachea kollxa posun kok toyar korpache pod'dotint omonia ho uppodarth melltta. Udyedhondeant vaprotat tea omonia poika oslea omonia – utpadonachem promann sap thoddem asta. Dekhun sonxlexonnan (synthesis) omonia toyar korpacheo pod'doti vaprotat. Onukul tapman ani dab dourun, utprerokachea sangata, haiddrozon ani naitterozon hancho somyog ghoddun omonia toyar zata. Oso sod habor hannem lailo. He pod'dotik ‘habor pod'dot’ osem mhonnttat. Box hannem tatunt sudaronna keleo mhunn omoniachom faidexir vepiri utpadon xoky zalem. Naittroddon ani haiddrozon hea vayunchem 1:3 hea promannant mixronn korop, mixronn xudhd korop ani yogy utprerokachea sangatant ani tapmanant tea mixronnacher dab divp hem sonxlexonnan omonia toyar korpache pod'dotichem sar asa. Tikheachim va her dhatunchi eksaidd utprerok (catalyst) vaprotat.
Sonxlexonnan omonia toyar korpa khatir lagpi haiddrozon ani naittrozon he vayu ose melloitat.
1. Zolltta astona tapun dhovo zal'lea kokchea nikhareachea thorantosun vaf soddttokoch C+H2 O → CO + H2 oxi vikria zata ani pannvayu (water gas ) toyar zata.
2. Tosleach kokchea thorantlean hova soddttokoch kokantoli karvonachi ani hovechi 2C + O2 + 4N2 → 2CO + 4N2 oxi vikria zaun ‘proddyusor vayu’ toyar zata.
Voir dil'leo donuy vikria ekttham-i ghoddoun haddlear ordh – pannvayu (semi water-gas) melltta. Tatunt sumar 50% naittrozon, 20 % haiddrozon ani 30 % karbon monoksaidd asta.
3. Hunhunit utprerokauylean vaf, karbon monoksaidd ani haiddrozon hanchem mixronn soddttokoch CO + H2 + H2 O → CO2 + 2H2 oxi vikria zaun karbon ddai-eksaidd ani haiddrozon hanchem mixronn melltta. Haka ‘box-vikria ’ oxem mhonnttat.
Amonia santthoup ani hatallop
[बदल]Vhoddlea udyedhondeant udka viroit omonia vaprop soyiskor ani kattkosorichem asta ani to khas toyar kel'lea tikheachea silinddorant,ttankeamni va ‘horttronosfiyor’ namvachea vattkullea ttankeamni santthoun dourotat. Omonia vafechea somprkan dolleank badha zata ani to svasa borobor chodd promannant bhitor gelear ghusmottomar zaunk xokta. Dekhun, omonia va tacho vidravo santthoil'lim patram zotnai gheun, angar tacho fovaro usllochona oxe ritin bhorchim poddttat. Omnonia pett ghena punn kaim pmannant hovent misllottokoch tachem ani hovechem mixronn sfottok zata. Dekhun omoniacheo ttankeo ani houd zotnai gheun vaprotat.
Upeg
[बदल]Vott'tt utpadonachea sumar 65% omonia sarem toyar korpa khatir vaprotat ani sumar 30% udyegik utpadona khatir khas korun sfottok podarth toyar korpa khatir khorch zata. Tatuntlea choddxa somyugant naittrozon asta ani to omonia posun toyar kortat. DekhikH naittroselyuloz, ddainamaidd, khonnkamant vapropache surung, soddiym' karbonett toyar korpa khatir, kyupra – omoniyom', rexim', torantoranchim sutam (dhage) rongoupa khatir vapropachim ronzok droveam, vokhdam, plesttik, nailon, sonxlexit rejhinam adi toyar korpachea prokriam khotir lugttacher somskar korpa khatir, robor toyar korpachea prokriant lagpi droveam korpa khatir omonia vaprotat. To sohoz vightton zata mhunn hunhunit utprerok vaprun haiddrozon melloupa khatir tacho upeg kortat. Udka- purounn xudhd korpa khatir klorina vangdda omonia vaprotat. Ujvaddacho upeg korun chitrancheo proti kaddpa khatir toxench chhayachitronnachea prokriant omoniacho vapor kortat. Proyogoxallant ani udyedhondeant omonia zoli-i vidravachea svorupant vaprotat.
Amonianchim lounnam (Ammonium Salts)
[बदल]Amlanchi omonia kodden va tachea udkachi vidrava kodden vikria zaun omoniachim lounnam toyar zatat. Hea lounnanche vegvegolle upeg asat. Omoniachim mukhel lounnam oxim: omoniyom' aesittett, omoniyom' karbonett, omoniyom' kloraidd, omoniyom' naittraidd. Omoniyom' fosfett, omoniyom' solfett, haiddrejhin.