Re: Well the requirements of loading data overlap with the requirements for audio
I built a home brewed Z80 machine around the time of the Spectrum. Programs were stored on audio tape with a 1 represented by 5V for 1 tick followed by 0V for 1 tick. Zero was 5V for 2 ticks followed by 0V for 2 ticks. This ensured that there was no DC component in the signal. Data was stored in 1k blocks with a checksum. It ran reliably for years.
I also vaguely remember a system of transmission of Spectrum code with a flashing square on the TV screen. It was picked up by a photo detector. Does anyone know anything about it.