virga
See also: Virga
English
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin virga (“rod”). Doublet of verge.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: vûrʹgə, IPA(key): /ˈvɜːɡə/
Noun
[edit]virga (countable and uncountable, plural virgas or virgae)
- (music) A type of note used in plainsong notation, having a tail and representing a single tone.
- (meteorology, countable) A streak of rain or snow that is dissipated in falling and does not reach the ground, commonly appearing descending from a cloud layer.
- 2003, Erik Larson, “Pilgrimage”, in The Devil in the White City, Vintage Books, page 78:
- Strong gusts of wind buffeted the train, and ghostly virga of ice followed it through the night.
- (measurement, countable) A unit of length: a rod, pole or perch (5½ yards); or a unit of area: a square rod, pole or perch.
Synonyms
[edit]- (musical note): virgula
Translations
[edit]streak of rain or snow
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See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- “virga” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd Ed.; 1989]
Anagrams
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]virga f (plural virgues)
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin virgō + -a.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]virga (accusative singular virgan, plural virgaj, accusative plural virgajn)
Derived terms
[edit]- malvirgigi (“to deflower, to violate”)
- virgulino (“female virgin”)
- virgulo (“virgin”)
Estonian
[edit]Adjective
[edit]virga
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]virga f (plural virgas)
Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Italian verga, French verge, Spanish verga, and Portuguese virga.
Noun
[edit]virga (plural virgas)
Istriot
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]virga f
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *wizgā, probably from Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”); possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of hay or straw, wisp”).[1][2] The Proto-Indo-European term is sometimes taken as an extension of Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to produce, procreate”), or alternatively from a stem *weyḱs- (see *weyḱ-). Regardless, it is probably a doublet of viscum.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯ir.ɡa/, [ˈu̯ɪrɡä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvir.ɡa/, [ˈvirɡä]
Noun
[edit]virga f (genitive virgae); first declension
- twig, young shoot
- rod, switch for flogging.
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, Proverbs 26:3
- flagellum equō et cāmus asinō et virgā dorsō inprūdentium
- A whip for a horse, and a snaffle for an ass, and a rod for the back of fools.
- (trans.: Douay-Rheims Bible)
- A whip for a horse, and a snaffle for an ass, and a rod for the back of fools.
- flagellum equō et cāmus asinō et virgā dorsō inprūdentium
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, Proverbs 26:3
- staff, walking stick
- 8 AD . Fasti, Publius Ovidius Naso, Liber II, 703-704.
- Illic Tarquinius mandata latentia nati
Accipit, et virga lilia summa metit.- There Tarquinius is receiving secret mandates of the son
And is knocking down with staff the tops of lilies.
- There Tarquinius is receiving secret mandates of the son
- 8 AD . Fasti, Publius Ovidius Naso, Liber II, 703-704.
- wand (magical)
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.242–243:
- Tum virgam capit: Hāc animās ille ēvocat Orcō
pallentīs, aliās sub Tartara trīstia mittit, [...].- Then [Mercury] takes up his wand: With this he calls pale souls from Orcus, or sends others down to sorrowful Tartarus, [...].
(Specifically, the caduceus that Mercury uses in his role as psychopompus.)
- Then [Mercury] takes up his wand: With this he calls pale souls from Orcus, or sends others down to sorrowful Tartarus, [...].
- Tum virgam capit: Hāc animās ille ēvocat Orcō
- (figuratively, Late Latin, Medieval Latin) penis
- ca. 540, Cassiodorus, On the Soul :
- sunt etiam singularia in medio constituta ne in unam partem praeiudicialiter vergentia alteram competenti decore nudarent: nasus, os, guttur, pectus, umbilicus, et genitalium virga descendens, quae laudabilia et honora monstrantur quando in medio locata consistunt.
- These [body parts] are one by one placed in the middle, because if they converged to the same place, one would deprive the honour of another part. The nose, mouth, throat, chest, navel, and the rod of the genitals show their merit and excellence by being placed in the middle.
- sunt etiam singularia in medio constituta ne in unam partem praeiudicialiter vergentia alteram competenti decore nudarent: nasus, os, guttur, pectus, umbilicus, et genitalium virga descendens, quae laudabilia et honora monstrantur quando in medio locata consistunt.
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | virga | virgae |
| genitive | virgae | virgārum |
| dative | virgae | virgīs |
| accusative | virgam | virgās |
| ablative | virgā | virgīs |
| vocative | virga | virgae |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Ancient Greek: βέργαι (bérgai)
- Aromanian: veargã
- Asturian: verga
- Catalan: verga
- English: virga
- Galician: verga
- Greek: βέργα (vérga)
- Hungarian: virgács
- Istriot: virga
- Italian: verga
- Megleno-Romanian: veargă
- Norman: vèrgue
- → French: vergue
- Occitan: vèrga
- Old French: verge
- Piedmontese: verga, vërga
- Portuguese: verga, virga
- Romanian: vargă
- Sicilian: vìriga, vìrija
- Spanish: verga
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “virga”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 682
- ^ “verga” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “virga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “virga”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- virga in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- virga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to beat with rods: virgis caedere
- to beat with rods: virgis caedere
- “virga”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “virga”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources[2], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]virga f sg
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