synecdoche

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English

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WOTD – 26 September 2006

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin synecdochē, from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐκ (ek, “out of”) + δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to accept”), this last element related to δοκέω (dokéō, “to think, suppose, seem”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sɪˈnɛk.də.ki/, /sɪˈnɛk.doʊ.ki/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

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Examples
  • fifty head of cattle – part (head) for whole (animal)
  • a fleet of ships, fifty sail deep – part (sail) for whole (ship)
  • the police knocked down my door – whole (the police) for part (some police officers)
  • hand me a Kleenex – subclass (brand named product) for class (all similar products)
  • China maintains closer high-level ties with Pyongyang – country (China) for its government (Chinese government) and capital (Pyongyang) for its country (North Korea)

synecdoche (countable and uncountable, plural synecdoches)

  1. (rhetoric) A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part.
    Hypernym: metonymy
    Hyponyms: pars pro toto, totum pro parte
    • [1835, L[arret] Langley, A Manual of the Figures of Rhetoric, […], Doncaster: Printed by C. White, Baxter-Gate, →OCLC, page 9:
      Synecdoche the whole for part will take,
      Or part for whole, just for the metre's sake.      ]
    • 2002 Sep, Christopher Hitchens, “Martin Amis: Lightness at Midnight”, in The Atlantic:
      "Holocaust" can become a tired synecdoche for war crimes in general.
    • 2017 May 17, Dorian Lynskey, “The 20-year-old black mirror that reflects the world today”, in BBC.com Culture‎[1]:
      Perhaps being in a touring band was, to Yorke, a synecdoche for the modern condition: disorientation, alienation, rootlessness, exhaustion, lack of control, occasional derangement, constant motion.
  2. (rhetoric) The use of this figure of speech.
    Synonym: synecdochy

Usage notes

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Technically, a synecdoche is a part of the referent while a metonym is connected or associated but not necessarily a part of it.

Derived terms

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Translations

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See also

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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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From Latin synecdoche, from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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synecdoche f (plural synecdoches, diminutive synecdochetje n)

  1. (literature) synecdoche

See also

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Latin

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐκ (ek, “out of”) + δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to accept”), this last element related to δοκέω (dokéō, “to think, suppose, seem”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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synecdochē f (genitive synecdochēs); first declension

  1. (original sense) the putting of a whole for a part
  2. (Late Latin) (rhetoric) synecdoche (certain type of metaphor)

Declension

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First-declension noun (Greek-type).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative synecdochē synecdochae
Genitive synecdochēs synecdochārum
Dative synecdochae synecdochīs
Accusative synecdochēn synecdochās
Ablative synecdochē synecdochīs
Vocative synecdochē synecdochae

Descendants

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References

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  • “synecdoche”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • synecdoche in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Further reading

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