Appendix:Dutch pronunciation

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Dutch pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

Consonants IPA Examples English approximation b bal ball d dan done f fiets fits ɣ gast loch (Scottish), but with voice; Spanish abogado ɦ had hut, but with voice j ja yard k koud cold l last last m mast must n nat not ŋ lang long p pak puck r rest rest, trilled/rolled or uvular trill [ʀ] s saai say t tal tall v vat vat ʋ wat Watt, but with upper teeth against lower lips x lach loch (Scottish) z ziek zip Consonants found in loanwords dʒ jungle jungle ɡ goal goal ʃ chef chef tʃ check check ʒ montage montage Stress ˈ buideldier [ˈbœydəlˌdiːr] as in battleship [ˈbætəlˌʃɪp] ˌ

Vowels IPA Examples English approximation Monophthongs ɑ dak dog (but more open), father (but shorter) a baan pa (but shorter) aː daar pa ɛ bed bed e beet bait (without the 'y' sound at the end) ɛː crème yeah, or RP English bare ɪ zit sit ɪː beer sit (but longer) i ziet seat (but shorter) iː zier seat ɔ post boss ɔː door door o boot boat ø leuk somewhat like hurl; French deux (but shorter) u poets you but shorter, took but more closed/tense uː boer you ʏ nut much like the one below (y), but with the tongue slightly further from the lips ʏː deur somewhat like er; French œuf y nu French rue yː zuur French rue, but longer Diphthongs ɛi̯ wijd, eis between tie and day (the latter more as in Australia) ɑu̯ hout, blauw how œy̯ huid Similar to French fauteuil, no exact equivalent in English. Approximated as tie with rounded lips, or how with fronted lips. eːu̯ or ɪːu̯ eeuw like the 'i' in sit, and mouth slightly closing iːu̯ nieuw somewhat like new, but with the mouth wider Reduced vowels ə halte comma, label, chatter