servio

See also: Servio and sérvio

Latin

Etymology

From servus (“slave, servant”) +‎ -iō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈser.u̯i.oː/, [ˈs̠ɛru̯ioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈser.vi.o/, [ˈsɛrvio]

Verb

serviō (present infinitive servīre, perfect active servīvī or serviī, supine servītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to be a slave to; to serve [with dative]

   Synonyms: oboediō, appāreō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.103-104:

     “[...] Liceat Phrygiō servīre marītō,
     dōtālīsque tuae Tyriōs permittere dextrae.”

     “[This arrangement will] permit [Dido] to be enslaved to her Phrygian husband [Aeneas], and — as her dowry — to surrender the Tyrians into your hands.”
     (Juno mocks Dido and insults Venus’s son, Aeneas, yet tries to tempt Venus with shared dominion over Carthage.)

   • Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII

     Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.

     No one is free who is a slave to his body.

2. to be devoted to, subject to [with dative]

   Synonyms: dēdō, studeō

3. to have respect to, regard or care for, consult

   Synonyms: cōnsulō, cūrō, accūrō, cōnsultō, colō, respiciō

4. to aim at

   Synonyms: tendō, intendō, spectō, quaerō, affectō

Conjugation

The only passive forms found for this verb are third-person singular.

Conjugation of serviō (fourth conjugation, impersonal in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	serviō	servīs	servit	servīmus	servītis	serviunt
	imperfect	serviēbam, servībam	serviēbās, servībās	serviēbat, servībat	serviēbāmus, servībāmus	serviēbātis, servībātis	serviēbant, servībant
	future	serviam, servībō	serviēs, servībis	serviet, servībit	serviēmus, servībimus	serviētis, servībitis	servient, servībunt
	perfect	servīvī, serviī	servīvistī, servīstī, serviistī	servīvit, servīt, serviit	servīvimus, servīmus, serviimus	servīvistis, servīstis, serviistis	servīvērunt, servērunt, servīvēre, servēre, serviērunt, serviēre
	pluperfect	servīveram, servīram, servieram	servīverās, servīrās, servierās	servīverat, servīrat, servierat	servīverāmus, servīrāmus, servierāmus	servīverātis, servīrātis, servierātis	servīverant, servīrant, servierant
	future perfect	servīverō, servīrō, servierō	servīveris, servīris, servieris	servīverit, servīrit, servierit	servīverimus, servīrimus, servierimus	servīveritis, servīritis, servieritis	servīverint, servīrint, servierint
passive	present	—	—	servītur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	serviēbātur	—	—	—
	future	—	—	serviētur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	servītum est	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	servītum erat	—	—	—
	future perfect	—	—	servītum erit	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	serviam	serviās	serviat	serviāmus	serviātis	serviant
	imperfect	servīrem	servīrēs	servīret	servīrēmus	servīrētis	servīrent
	perfect	servīverim, servīrim, servierim	servīverīs, servīrīs, servierīs	servīverit, servīrit, servierit	servīverīmus, servīrīmus, servierīmus	servīverītis, servīrītis, servierītis	servīverint, servīrint, servierint
	pluperfect	servīvissem, servīssem, serviissem	servīvissēs, servīssēs, serviissēs	servīvisset, servīsset, serviisset	servīvissēmus, servīssēmus, serviissēmus	servīvissētis, servīssētis, serviissētis	servīvissent, servīssent, serviissent
passive	present	—	—	serviātur	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	servīrētur	—	—	—
	perfect	—	—	servītum sit	—	—	—
	pluperfect	—	—	servītum esset, servītum foret	—	—	—
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	servī	—	—	servīte	—
	future	—	servītō	servītō	—	servītōte	serviuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		servīre	servīvisse, servīsse, serviisse	servītūrum esse	servīrī	servītum esse	—
participles		serviēns	—	servītūrus	—	servītum	serviendum, serviundum
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		serviendī	serviendō	serviendum	serviendō	servītum	servītū

Related terms

• asserviō
• dēserviō
• īnserviō
• praeserviō
• servīlē
• servīlis
• servīliter
• servitium
• servītor
• servitrītius
• servitūdō
• servitūs
• servulus
• servus
• subserviō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Megleno-Romanian: sirbes, sirbiri
  • Old Romanian: șerbi
  • → Albanian: shërbej
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: servire
  • Sicilian: sèrbiri
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: servî
  • Ligurian: servî
  • Lombard: servir
  • Piedmontese: serve, servì
  • Romansch: servir, survir, sarvir, sarveir
  • Venetan: servir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: servir
  • Catalan: servir
  • Franco-Provençal: servir
  • Old French: servir
    • Middle French: servir
      • → English: serve
      • French: servir
        • German: servieren
          • Norwegian Bokmål: servere
    • Walloon: siervi
  • Old Occitan: servir
    • Occitan: servir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: sirvir, servir
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: servir
    • Fala: servil
    • Galician: servir
    • Portuguese: servir
      • → Hunsrik: sërviere
  • Spanish: servir
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: selvire, serbire, serbiri, servire, serviri

See also

• servō

References

• “servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “servio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• servio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
    
  • to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: commodis alicuius servire
    
  • to have regard for one's good name: famae servire, consulere
    
  • to be the slave of one's desires: cupiditatibus servire, pārēre
    
  • to be careful of one's dignity: dignitati suae servire, consulere
    
  • (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)