esse

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "esse"

English

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Etymology

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From Latin esse.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɛsi/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Noun

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esse (plural esses)

  1. Essence, essential nature.
    • 1788, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Wisdom of Angels Concerning Divine Love and Divine Wisdom, London: […] W. Chalklen, page 136:
      Hence it is that the Univerſe, which was created from his Eſſe, and which regarded as to Uſes is his Image, obtained theſe three in all and ſingular the Things appertaining to it.
    • 1801, Emanuel Swedenborg, Arcana Cœlestia: or, Heavenly Mysteries Contained in the Sacred Scriptures, or Word of the Lord, Manifested and Laid Open, volume X, London: […] J. Hodson, page 482:
      […] that is his proprium, since the esse of the life of man is his will;
    • 1824–68, A[braham] J[ones] Le Cras, The Theological Contrast: or, Error Exposed, and Truth Elucidated, Being an Investigation into All the Systems of Religion, Now Propagated in the Whole World, London: […] Thomas Goyder, pages 95–97:
      In like manner Christians treading closely on the heels of Jews, notwithstanding all the divine miracles, which accompanied their first establishment, iu[sic] order to call them from the Deistical worship of a supreme esse, extended through all space, and to fix them in the exclusive acknowledgement of the one God in a divine human form, are equally guilty of idolatry, in worshipping Gods or persons, that have no real existence.
    • 1961, Gerard Smith, Lottie H. Kendzierski, Philosophy of Being, The Macmillan Company, page 339:
      Essence is a being by an esse which the essence is. Substance is a being by an esse which the substance is. Ens is a being by an esse which the ens is.
    • 2015, Christopher Hughes, Aquinas on Being, Goodness, and God, Routledge, page 62:
      Agreed, if there are as many esses in an individual as there are forms in that individual, then a plurality of substantial forms in an individual implies a plurality of substantial esses in that individual, just as a plurality of accidental forms in an individual implies a plurality of accidental esses in that individual.
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References

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Afrikaans

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Noun

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esse

  1. plural of es

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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esse f (plural esses) (Valencia)

  1. Alternative form of essa

Further reading

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Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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  • äße (most dialects)
  • eaße (parts of Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

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From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)

  1. (Kölsch, nothernmost Ripuarian) to eat

Usage notes

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Corsican

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Inherited from Latin esse. Compare Italian essere, French être.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈes.sɛ/
  • Hyphenation: es‧se

Verb

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esse (Cismontane)

  1. (copulative) to be
  2. (intransitive) to be (to exist)
  3. (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
  4. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the passive voice; to be
  5. (auxiliary, + past participle) Forms the perfect aspect of some verbs; to have

Conjugation

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    Cismontane conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive esse
present participle issendu
past participle statu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sò sì hè, ghjè simu site sò
imperfect era eri era eramu erate eranu
simple past fubbi, fui fusti fubbe, fù fubbimu, fuimu fuste fubbenu
future seraghju serai, serè serà seremu serete seranu
subjunctive eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present sia sia sia siamu siate sianu
imperfect fussi fussi fussi fussimu fussite fussinu
conditional eiu tù ellu/ella noi voi elli/elle
present seria, serebbi serii, seresti, seristi seria, serebbe seriamu, serebbimu seriate, sereste, seriste serianu, serebbenu
imperative – tù – noi voi –
— sia — siamu siate —

Descendants

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  • Gallurese: esse, essi

References

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  • “esse, essa” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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esse m (plural esses)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

Further reading

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Gallurese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. (auxiliary) to be

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of esse (highly irregular, suppletive)
infinitive simple esse
compound esse + past participle
gerund simple essendi, sendi
compound essendi + past participle
past participle statu
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
(simple tenses) present socu sei è semu seti so
imperfect era, eru eri era érami érati erani
preterite fusi fusti fusi fùsimi fùsiti fùsini
future saragghju sarai, saré sarà saremu sareti sarani
(compound tenses) present perfect present indicative of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of esse + past participle
preterite perfect preterite indicative of esse + past participle
future perfect future of esse + past participle
conditional eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
present saria saristi saria sarìami sarìati sarìani
perfect present conditional of esse + past participle
subjunctive chi eu chi tu chi iddu/idda chi noi chi voi chi iddi
(simple tenses) present sia sii sia sìami sìati sìani
imperfect fùssia fussi fùssia fùssimi fùssiti fùssini
(compound tenses) past present subjunctive of esse + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of esse + past participle
imperative eu tu iddu/idda noi voi iddi
— sii sia sìami sìati sìani

German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. inflection of essen:
    1. first-person singular present
    2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

Hunsrik

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Alternative forms

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  • ëse (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology

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From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. to eat
    Ich esse keen Fleisch.
    I don't eat meat.
    Heit esse-mer Fisch.
    Today we eat fish.

Inflection

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Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle gess
auxiliary hon
present tense
1st person singular esse
2nd person singular esst
3rd person singular essd
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural essd
3rd person plural esse
imperative
2nd person singular ess
2nd person plural essd

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From estää (“to prevent”) +‎ -e. Akin to Finnish este.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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esse

  1. obstacle

Declension

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Declension of esse (type 6/lähe, st-ss gradation)
singular plural
nominative esse esteet
genitive esteen estein
partitive essettä esteitä
illative esteesse esteisse
inessive estees esteis
elative esteest esteist
allative esteelle esteille
adessive esteel esteil
ablative esteelt esteilt
translative esteeks esteiks
essive esteennä, esteen esteinnä, estein
exessive1) esteent esteint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 36

Italian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin es (the name of the letter S).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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esse f or m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.; ess
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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From Latin ipsae, from ipse.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈes.se/
  • Rhymes: -esse
  • Hyphenation: és‧se

Pronoun

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esse f pl

  1. plural of essa; they, them (female)
    Synonym: loro

See also

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Italian personal pronouns (alternate)
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singular third m esso1, egli, elli3 si, s' lo, l' gli vi, v' ne, n' esso, sé
f essa, ella, Ella2 la, l' le, ella3 essa, sé
Plural third m essi, eglino3, ellino3, elli3 si, s' li loro vi, v' ne, n' essi, sé
f esse, elle3, elleno3 le esse, elle,3 sé
1 Refers predominantly to non-humans.
2 Highly elevated variant of Lei.
3 Archaic.

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. present active infinitive of sum

Noun

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esse m (indeclinable) (Medieval Latin)

  1. state, condition

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ēsse

  1. present active infinitive of edō

References

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  • “esse”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • esse in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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esse

  1. third-person singular feminine of as

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan. Compare German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. to eat

Conjugation

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Conjugation of esse
infinitive esse
past participle hot gesse
future tense waerd esse
subjunctive daet esse
present tense
1st person singular ess
2nd person singular esscht
3rd person singular esst
1st person  plural esse
2nd person plural esst
3rd person plural esse
imperative du ess, dihr esst

Piedmontese

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Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. to be

Conjugation

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infinitive esse
present gerundive essend
past participle stàit
Present indicative Past indicative Future indicative Present subjunctive Past subjunctive Past

Historic

Present Conditional
First-person singular i son i j'era i sarai i sia i fussa I fure i sarìa
Second-person singular it ses it j'ere it saras it sie it fusse it fùrës it sarìe
Third-person singular a l'é a l'era a sarà a sia a fussa fur a sarìa
First-person plural i soma i j'ero i saroma i sio i fusso furo i sarìo
Second-person plural i seve i j'ere i sareve i sie i fusse i fùrës i sarìe
Third-person plural a son a j'ero i saran a sio a fusso a furo a sarìo

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)

  2. that (near you)
    Esse chapéu está limpo?
    Is that hat clean?
  4. (Brazil) this (near me)
    Synonym: este
    Esse livro é muito bom.
    This book is very good.

Pronoun

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esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas, neuter isso) (definite demonstrative pronoun)

  2. that, that one (near you)
  4. that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)
    Esse é o segredo para vencer.
    This is the secret to winning.
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

Derived terms
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See also

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Portuguese demonstratives (edit)
Pronouns Adverbs
Singular Plural Neuter
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Proximal X este esta estes estas isto aqui, cá
de + X deste desta destes destas disto daqui
em + X neste nesta nestes nestas nisto —
Medial X esse essa esses essas isso aí
de + X desse dessa desses dessas disso daí
em + X nesse nessa nesses nessas nisso —
Distal X aquele aquela aqueles aquelas aquilo ali, lá, acolá
de + X daquele daquela daqueles daquelas daquilo dali
em + X naquele naquela naqueles naquelas naquilo —
a + X àquele àquela àqueles àquelas àquilo
Anaphoric X o a os as — —
de + X do da dos das
em + X no na nos nas
a + X ao à aos às

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: es‧se

Noun

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esse m (plural esses)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
  2. something shaped like the letter S
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:esse.

Swedish

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Noun

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esse n

  1. Only used in vara i sitt esse

References

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Tatar

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Adjective

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esse

  1. hot

Walloon

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Etymology

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From Old French estre, from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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esse

  1. to be

Conjugation

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   —         —   Conjugation of the verb esse in Walloon   —   Codjowaedje do viebe esse e walon
infinitive esse (or iesse) / sey
gerund estant
auxiliary aveur
past participle masculine feminine
singular sti —
plural — —
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative dji (dj') ti (t') i (il) / ele dji (dj') / nos vos i (il)
present so es est estans estoz sont
imperfect ere / î / esteu eres / îs / esteus ere / ît / esteut esténs estîz estént
preterit esta / fouri estas/ fouris esta / fourit estîs / fourîns estîz / fourîz estît / fourît
future serè serès serè serans seroz seront
conditional sereu sereus sereut seréns serîz serént
subjunctive ki dj' ki t' k' i (il) / k' ele ki dj' / ki nos ki vos k' i (il)
present soeye / fouxhe soeyes / fouxhes soeye / fouxhe soeyanxhe / fouxhanxhe soeyoxhe / fouxhoxhe soeyèxhe / fouxhnuxhe
imperfect estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhes / fouxhes / fourixhes estaxhe / fouxhe / fourixhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe estaxhîxhe / fouxhîxhe estaxhénxhe / fouxhénxhe
imperative — ti — dji / nos vos —
affirmative soey / fouxhe soeyans / fouxhans soeyoz / fouxhoz
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