Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bautaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, strike”). Cognate with Latin fūtō (“to argue”), Middle Irish búailid (“to beat, strike”), Albanian butë (“tender”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bautaną

1. to beat, knock, bump, push

Inflection

Conjugation of *bautaną (strong class 7b)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bautō	*bautaų	—	*bautai	?
2nd singular	*bautizi	*bautaiz	*baut	*bautazai	*bautaizau
3rd singular	*bautidi	*bautai	*bautadau	*bautadai	*bautaidau
1st dual	*bautōz	*bautaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bautadiz	*bautaidiz	*bautadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bautamaz	*bautaim	—	*bautandai	*bautaindau
2nd plural	*bautid	*bautaid	*bautid	*bautandai	*bautaindau
3rd plural	*bautandi	*bautain	*bautandau	*bautandai	*bautaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bebaut	*bebautį̄
2nd singular	*bebaust	*bebautīz
3rd singular	*bebaut	*bebautī
1st dual	*bebautū	*bebautīw
2nd dual	*bebautudiz	*bebautīdiz
1st plural	*bebautum	*bebautīm
2nd plural	*bebautud	*bebautīd
3rd plural	*bebautun	*bebautīn
	present	past
participles	*bautandz	*bautanaz

Derived terms

• *bautijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bautan
  • Old English: bēatan
    • Middle English: beten, beete, bet, bete, betyn, beytt, beaten (Early Middle English), byete (Kent)
      • English: beat
        • → Pennsylvania German: biede
      • Scots: beat, beit
  • Old Frisian: *bāta (in derivatives)
  • Old Saxon: *bōtan
    • Middle Low German: bôten
      • German Low German: boten
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: bȫtelen
  • Old Dutch: *bōtan
    • Middle Dutch: bôten
      • Dutch: boten, botten, butten
      • West Flemish: botn
  • Old High German: pōzan, bōzan, bōzzan
    • Middle High German: bōzen, butzen
      • German: boßen (dialectal); bossen, possen
        • ⇒ German: bosseln
      • German: Butzen (noun) (dialectal)
        • ⇒? German: butzen, putzen (verb)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: bōzelen, bōzeln
        • German: boßeln
        • → Middle Low German: bōsselen
          • German Low German: boßeln
    • ⇒ Old High German: anabōz (“anvil”)
      • Middle High German: anebōz
        • Cimbrian: hanapus
        • German: Amboss
  • →? Vulgar Latin: *bottō (perhaps directly borrowed into Old French, and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
    • Old French: bouter, boter
      • Anglo-Norman: boter, buter
        • → Middle English: butten, bouten
          • English: butt
      • Middle French: bouter
        • French: bouter
      • Norman: bouter (Jèrriais), boutaïr (Guernésiais)
    • Sicilian: ammuttari (a + (i)n + *buttari)
    • Italian: bottare
    • Old Occitan: botar
      • Catalan: botar
      • Occitan: botar
    • West Iberian
      • Old Galician-Portuguese: botar
        • Galician: botar
        • Portuguese: botar
      • Spanish: botar
    • ⇒? Late Latin: *botōnus, *bottonem (perhaps formed in Old French (bouter + -on), and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
      • Old French: boton
        • French: bouton
        • Norman: bouton
        • → Middle English: botoun
          • English: button (see there for further descendants)
          • Scots: button
          • Yola: buththone, boththone
      • Italo-Dalmatian
        • Dalmatian: botaun
        • Italian: bottone
        • Sicilian: buttuni
      • Old Occitan: boton
        • Catalan: botó
        • Occitan: boton
      • Romansch: buttun, battung
      • Venetan: boton
      • West Iberian
        • Aragonese: botón
        • Asturian: botón
        • Old Galician-Portuguese:
          • Galician: botón
          • Portuguese: botão (see there for further descendants)
        • Spanish: botón (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: bauta
  • Icelandic: bauta
• Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*bautan)
  • → Galician: botar
  • → Portuguese: botar