驚惶

See also: 惊惶

Chinese

	to startle; to be frightened; to be scared to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm	frightened
trad. (驚惶)	驚	惶
simp. (惊惶)	惊	惶
alternative forms	驚營／惊营 (kiaⁿ-iâⁿ) 驚刑／惊刑 (kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīnghuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ wong⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiâng-fòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ / kiaⁿ-iâⁿ / keng-hông / kiaⁿ-hiông

(Teochew, Peng'im): gian¹ ian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīnghuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jinghuáng
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-huang²
  - Yale: jīng-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinghwang
  - Palladius: цзинхуан (czinxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ wong⁴
  - Yale: gīng wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiâng-fòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: giang^ˊ fong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giang¹ fong²
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯aŋ²⁴ foŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiann-hiânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'hviaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã⁴⁴⁻²² hiã¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiã⁴⁴⁻²² hiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiã²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiaⁿ-iâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiann-iânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'viaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-hông
  - Tâi-lô: king-hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kenghoong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiaⁿ-hiông
  - Tâi-lô: kiann-hiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'hioong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gian¹ ian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiaⁿ iâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

Adjective

驚惶

(literary or Southern Min) alarmed; frightened; panic-stricken

Synonyms

edit

刺促 (literary)
怖懼／怖惧 (bùjù) (literary)
恐慌 (kǒnghuāng)
恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
惶恐 (huángkǒng)
慹／𰑔 (zhí)
遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
驚恐／惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
驚慌／惊慌 (jīnghuāng)
驚駭／惊骇 (jīnghài) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	害怕, 怕
	Taiwan	害怕, 怕
	Harbin	害怕, 發毛
	Malaysia	怕
	Singapore	怕, 害怕
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	害怕, 怕, 打怵
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	害怕, 怵
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	害怕, 怕
	Wanrong	驚
	Xi'an	害怕, 怕, 怯火
	Xuzhou	嫌怕, 打怵
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	害怕, 嚇
	Lanzhou	害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
	Ürümqi	害怕
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
	Wuhan	嚇不過, 怕
	Guiyang	害怕, 怕
	Kunming	害怕
	Guilin	怕
	Liuzhou	慌
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	嚇怕, 怕
	Yangzhou	害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
	Hefei	怕
Cantonese	Guangzhou	驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
	Hong Kong	驚, 怕, 慌
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	狂
	Macau	驚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	驚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	慌
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	驚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	好怕
	Foshan	驚, 窒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	慌, 怕
	Foshan (Shunde)	慌
	Foshan (Sanshui)	慌
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	驚
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	驚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	驚
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	慌
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	慌
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	狂, 驚
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	𢗉
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	慌, 驚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	驚
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	驚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	驚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	驚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	驚
	Taishan	𢗉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	𢗉
	Enping (Niujiang)	𢗉
	Heshan (Yayao)	慌
	Dongguan	狂
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	驚
	Shaoguan	驚, 窒
	Yunfu	怕, 驚
	Yangjiang	𢗉
	Xinyi	狂
	Lianjiang	驚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
	Singapore (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
Gan	Nanchang	怕
Gan	Lichuan	怕
Hakka	Meixian	驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	狂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	狂
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	好狂
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	驚
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	怕, 驚, 畏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	驚
	Wengyuan	驚
	Liannan	驚
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	狂
	Jiexi	驚
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	驚
	Changting	怕
	Wuping	怕
	Wuping (Yanqian)	怕
	Liancheng	嚇
	Ninghua	怕
	Ningdu	怕
	Tonggu (Sandu)	怕
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	怕
	Dayu	怕
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	驚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	驚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	驚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	驚
	Hong Kong	狂, 驚
	Mengshan (Xihe)	怕
	Luchuan	狂
	Sabah (Longchuan)	狂
	Senai (Huiyang)	狂
	Singkawang	驚
Huizhou	Jixi	怕, 嚇
Jin	Taiyuan	害怕, 怕
Jin	Xinzhou	著怕, 怕
Northern Min	Jian'ou	驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	驚
	Songxi	驚
	Zhenghe	驚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	驚
	Jianyang	驚
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	畏
	Wuyishan	嚇
	Pucheng (Shibei)	嚇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	驚
	Fuzhou (Changle)	驚
	Lianjiang	驚
	Fuqing	驚
	Pingtan	驚
	Yongtai	驚
	Minqing	驚
	Gutian	驚
	Pingnan	驚
	Luoyuan	驚
	Fu'an	驚
	Ningde	驚
	Xiapu	驚
	Zherong	驚
	Shouning	驚
	Zhouning	驚
	Fuding	驚
	Singapore (Fuqing)	驚
Southern Min	Xiamen	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	驚
	Quanzhou	驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Jinjiang	驚
	Nan'an	驚
	Shishi	驚
	Hui'an	驚
	Anxi	驚
	Yongchun	驚
	Dehua	驚
	Zhangzhou	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	驚
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	驚
	Hua'an	驚
	Nanjing	驚
	Pinghe	驚
	Zhangpu	驚
	Yunxiao	驚
	Zhao'an	驚
	Dongshan	驚
	Kaohsiung	驚
	Yilan	驚
	Changhua (Lukang)	驚
	Taichung	驚
	Taichung (Wuqi)	驚惶
	Tainan	驚
	Taitung	驚
	Hsinchu	驚
	Kinmen	驚
	Penghu (Magong)	驚
	Penang (Hokkien)	驚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	驚
	Manila (Hokkien)	驚
	Longyan	嚇
	Zhangping	驚
	Datian	驚
	Chaozhou	驚, 畏
	Raoping	驚
	Shantou	驚
	Jieyang	驚, 畏
	Haifeng	驚
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	驚
	Singapore (Teochew)	驚
	Leizhou	驚
	Wenchang	驚
	Haikou	驚
	Qionghai	驚
	Singapore (Hainanese)	驚
Puxian Min	Putian	驚
Puxian Min	Xianyou	驚
Central Min	Yong'an	驚
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	驚
	Sanming (Shaxian)	驚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	驚
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狂, 怕
Wu	Shanghai	怕, 嚇
	Shanghai (Chongming)	嚇
	Suzhou	怕, 嚇
	Danyang	怕
	Hangzhou	怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
	Ningbo	怕, 嚇
	Wenzhou	怕, 嚇
	Jinhua	光
Xiang	Changsha	怕, 畏怯
	Loudi	怕
	Shuangfeng	怕

References

“Entry #13311”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.