閒

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See also: 闲, 閑, 間, and 𫔮
閒 U+9592, 閒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592
← 閑
[U+9591] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 間 →
[U+9593]

Translingual

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Traditional 閒
Simplified 闲
Japanese 閑
Korean 閑

Han character

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閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9592

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 閒
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
間 *kreːn, *kreːns
簡 *kreːnʔ
澗 *kreːns, *kraːns
鐧 *kreːns, *kraːns
蕑 *kreːn
覵 *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉 *kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩 *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜 *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇 *ɡreːn
瞯 *ɡreːn
憪 *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌 *ɡraːnʔ
撊 *ɡraːnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).

Etymology 1

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trad. 閒/閑*
simp. 闲*
nonstandard simp. 𫔮

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).

Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).

Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Note: haan4-2 - “player”.
Note:
  • èng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
  • hân - literary.
Note:
  • ain5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak;
  • oin5 - other places.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閒
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /xã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /xiɛn²¹³/ 休～
/xan²¹³/ 不得～
Chengdu /ɕian³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
/ɦie²³/
/ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /han¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /han²¹/
Nanning /hɛn²¹/
Hong Kong /han²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ham³⁵/
/hiŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /õi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /haŋ³¹/
/ai³¹/
Rime
Character 閒
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸閒切
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣæn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kˁre[n]/
English idle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component 		閑
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		閑
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

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閒

  1. not busy; idle
    噇飽恰閒。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    Chòng bā kák-èng. / [t͡sʰouŋ⁵³ pa³³ kʰaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ɛiŋ⁵³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
  2. vacant; unoccupied; unused
  3. leisurely and carefree
  4. trivial; unimportant
  5. unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
  6. relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
  7. leisure; spare time; free time
  8. (gambling) player (instead of banker)
  9. a surname
  10. (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”)
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “not busy”): 忙 (máng)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 間).

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)

  1. leisure, idle
  2. peaceful, tranquil, calm

Vietnamese

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Han character

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閒: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián, nhờn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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