萬

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See also: 万
萬 U+842C, 萬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C
← 萫
[U+842B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 萭 →
[U+842D]

Translingual

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Japanese 万
Simplified 万
Traditional 萬

Han character

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See images of 萬
(radical 140 + 9)

萬 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1042, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3247, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+842C

Chinese

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trad. 萬
simp. 万*
alternative forms
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
𬺳
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 萬 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 萬 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 萬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糲 *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡 *m·raːds, *m·rads
噧 *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁 *mraːds
勱 *mraːds
蠆 *m̥ʰraːds
厲 *m·rads
勵 *m·rads
礪 *m·rads
蠣 *m·rads
蠇 *m·rads
癘 *m·rads
濿 *m·rads
櫔 *m·rads
巁 *m·rads
贎 *m·rads, *mlans
萬 *mlans

Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

Etymology

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“scorpion”
See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
“religious dance; sorcery”
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”).
“myriad; ten thousand”
Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
  • bhuang7 - Shantou.
Note:
  • 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
  • 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).
    Rime
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 無販切
    Baxter mjonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/muanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		maan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjonH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ma[n]-s/
    English 10000

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12633
    Phonetic
    component         		萬
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		万
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mlans/

    Definitions

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    萬

    1. (obsolete) Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
    2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
    3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000
      兩萬元／两万元  ―  liǎng wàn yuán  ―  twenty thousand dollars
      一百萬／一百万  ―  yībǎi wàn  ―  one million
      四萬萬同胞／四万万同胞  ―  sì wàn wàn tóngbāo  ―  four hundred million compatriots (the population of China from 1910s to 1940s)
      萬歲／万岁  ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live
    4. (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous
      萬眾一心／万众一心  ―  wànzhòngyīxīn  ―  all united
      排除萬難／排除万难  ―  páichúwànnán  ―  to remove all difficulties
    5. very; extremely; absolutely
      萬不得已／万不得已  ―  wànbùdéyǐ  ―  out of absolute necessity; with no other choice
    6. a surname

    See also

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    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		百萬／百万,
    桶(Philippines),
    面桶 (Philippines)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (萬):
    • → Japanese: 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”); 万(ばん) (ban)
    • → Korean: 만(萬) (man, “ten thousand”)
    • → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand”)

    Others:

    • → Bouyei: faanh (“ten thousand”), Wanq (surname)
    • → Proto-Hmong: *wi̯aŋꟲ (“ten thousand”)
    • → Kavalan: ban (“ten thousand”)
    • → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
    • → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
    • → Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, “thousand”)
    • → Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)
      • → English: tumen (“an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols”)
      • Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)
      • → Persian: تومان (tumân)
        • → English: toman (“former currency of Iran”)
      • → Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, “Tyumen”)
        • → English: Tyumen (“city in Russia”)
    • → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
    • → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
    • → Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
      • Tocharian B: t(u)māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)
    • → Proto-Tungusic:
    • → Proto-Turkic: *tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)
      • Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)
    • → Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, “ten thousand; all, many”), man (“ten thousand”)
    • → Zhuang: fanh (“ten thousand”)

    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		万

    Kyūjitai

    		萬

    Kanji

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    萬

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)

    1. ten thousand

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    萬
    よろず
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    ⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

    From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ←よろづ (Yorodu)?

    1. a surname

    Proper noun

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    萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    萬
    ばん
    Jinmeiyō
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). See 万 for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    萬(ばん) • (Ban) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    萬
    まん
    Jinmeiyō
    on'yomi

    Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    萬(まん) • (Man) 

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    References

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    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 먼〮 (Yale: mén)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 일〮만〯 (Yale: íl-mǎn) 만〯 (Yale: mǎn)

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [만(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))

    1. hanja form? of 만 (“ten thousand”)
    2. hanja form? of 만 (“myriad”)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn, muôn
    萬: Nôm readings: vạn, vàn, mại, vẹn, muôn

    Noun

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    萬

    1. chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).

    Compounds

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