無

See also: 无, 𬻝, and 🈚

無 U+7121, 無 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7121 ← 焠 [U+7120] CJK Unified Ideographs 焢 → [U+7122]

Translingual

Stroke order (cursive)

The character 無 in semi-cursive script.

Han character

無 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人廿火 (OTF), four-corner 8033₁, composition ⿱⿳𠂉卌一灬)

Derived characters

• 㒇, 嘸, 墲, 嫵, 幠, 㣳, 憮, 撫, 潕, 𬍇, 𨼊, 𣊲, 膴, 橅, 㷻, 璑, 𨖴, 𤏠, 瞴, 𥕻, 𥼣, 䌗, 蟱, 譕, 𩻚, 𠓺, 鄦, 甒, 鷡, 廡, 蕪, 䍢, 䉑, 𨶭, 𠢬, 𨅐

Related characters

• 无 (Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 673, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19113
• Dae Jaweon: page 1081, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2211, character 15
• Unihan data for U+7121

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 無
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (無) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
墲	*m̥ʰaː, *maː, *ma
橅	*maː
膴	*hmaː, *ma, *maʔ
幠	*hmaː
鄦	*hmaʔ
撫	*m̥ʰaʔ
無	*ma
瞴	*ma, *maʔ
蕪	*ma
璑	*ma
鷡	*ma
譕	*ma
憮	*ma, *maʔ
舞	*maʔ
廡	*maʔ
嫵	*maʔ
甒	*maʔ
潕	*maʔ
儛	*maʔ

Pictogram (象形) . A man dancing with ox tails held in both hands to pray for rain.

This character is borrowed for “have no”, and the character 舞 (wǔ) is used for the original sense.

Etymology 1

trad.		無
simp.		无
alternative forms		𭴿 橆 𣞤 𣟒 𬻜 𭴿 橆 𣞤 𣟒 𬻜 𬻝 𭴾 𤍍 𣞣 𫡟 𣠮 𡙻 𤀢 𰙄 𰙈 𣑨 𣚨 𠘩 㷻／𭴊

Core Sino–Tibetan. From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“no, not”); cognate with Tibetan མ་ (ma, “not”) and Burmese မ (ma., “not”).

Cognate with:

• 微 (OC *mɯl, “not, no”)
• 毋 (OC *ma, “do not”)
• 勿 (OC *mɯd, “not, don't”)
• 未 (OC *mɯds, “not yet, haven't”)
• 靡 (OC *mralʔ, “not, no”)
• 亡 (OC *maŋ, “not have; to flee, to disappear, to die”)
• 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to end, to disappear, to drown”)
• 莫 (OC *maːɡ, “none, nobody, nothing; do not; can not”)

Attested profusely in Classical Chinese, this word is the prototypical negation particle in the *m- series of Chinese negatives. In the oracle bone script, however, 無 is not frequently used, and its homophone (or near-homophone) 毋 (OC *ma) is used instead.

See 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) for more on negative particles in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wú (wu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mu³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mò / vù

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mo² / vu²

• Jin (Wiktionary): vu¹
• Northern Min (KCR): maǔ / ǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): mò̤ / ù
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bo² / bu²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bô / bû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bho⁵ / bhu⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶m; ⁶wu / ²m; ²vu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wú
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wú
    • Wade–Giles: wu²
    • Yale: wú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
    • Palladius: у (u)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbu²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò / vù
    • Hakka Romanization System: mo^ˇ / vu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mo² / vu²
    • Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/, /vu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mo² / vu²
    • Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/, /ʋu¹¹/

Note:

• Sixian:
  • mò - colloquial;
  • vù - literary.
• Meixian:
  • mo2 - colloquial;
  • vu2 - literary.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: vu¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: maǔ / ǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mau²¹/, /u²¹/

Note:

• maǔ - colloquial (also written as 毛);
• ǔ - literary.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mò̤ / ù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵³/, /u⁵³/

Note:

• mò̤ - colloquial (also written as 毛);
• ù - literary.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɵ¹³/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu¹³/

Note:

• bo2 - colloquial;
• bu2 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô
    • Tâi-lô: bô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: booi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bo¹³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /bo²¹³/
    • IPA (Longyan): /bo¹¹/
    • IPA (Changtai): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Singapore, Philippines): /bo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû
    • Tâi-lô: bû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: buu
    • IPA (Longyan): /bu¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /bu²¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Changtai, Taipei): /bu²⁴/

Note:

• bô - colloquial;
• bû - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bho⁵ / bhu⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô / bû
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo⁵⁵/, /bu⁵⁵/

Note:

• bho5 - colloquial;
• bhu5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶m; ⁶wu
    • MiniDict: m^去; wu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhmm; ³hhu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /m̩²³/, /ɦu²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²m; ²vu
    • MiniDict: m^平; vu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /m̩²²³/, /vu²²³/

Note:

• m - colloquial;
• wu/vu - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: mju

Rime
Character	無
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武夫切
Baxter	mju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/
Li Rong	/mio/
Wang Li	/mĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma/, /*mo/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ma/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	無	無
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	wú	wú
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ma/	/*mo/
English	not have	volitional prefix	don’t
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無
Reading #	1/1
No.	13117
Phonetic component	無
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	無
Old Chinese	/*ma/

Definitions

無

1. (literary or Hakka, Min) to not have something; there is not ...

   天空無雲。／天空无云。  ―  Tiānkōng wú yún.  ―  There is no cloud in the sky.

   我無零星錢。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   我无零星钱。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Góa bô lân-san-chîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   I don't have any change.

   • 也許一想起某某是唯一可鍾意　才來害怕無下次其實多麼諷刺 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     也许一想起某某是唯一可钟意　才来害怕无下次其实多么讽刺 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2019, 林家謙 [Terence Lam], 下一位前度 [NEXT]

     jaa⁵ heoi² jat¹ soeng² hei² mau⁵ mau⁵ si⁶ wai⁴ jat¹ ho² zung¹ ji³, coi⁴ loi⁴ hoi⁶ paa³ mou⁴ haa⁶ ci³ kei⁴ sat⁶ do¹ mo¹ fung³ ci³ [Jyutping]

     Maybe once I think of someone as the only one I can love, I would be afraid that there would not be a next time, but it's actually quite ridiculous

2. (literary or Min) Negation particle preceding verbs and adjectives. not

   無可／无可  ―  wúkě  ―  can't

   我無求於你。／我无求于你。  ―  Wǒ wú qiú yú nǐ.  ―  I want nothing from you.

3. (literary or Min) have not

   我無共伊講。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   我无共伊讲。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Góa bô kā i kóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   I didn't tell him.

4. (literary or Hakka, Min) Interrogative particle.

   • 晚來天欲雪，能飲一杯無？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晚来天欲雪，能饮一杯无？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 白居易《問劉十九》

     Wǎnlái tiān yù xuě, néng yǐn yī bēi wú? [Pinyin]

     Night comes and the sky seems like it might snow; could you drink a cup?

5. (Hakka, Min) if not; otherwise (placed at the start of a sentence)
6. (Hokkien, Teochew) Particle used after a verb to indicate that a goal has not or cannot been accomplished.

   看無／看无 [Hokkien]  ―  khòaⁿ-bô [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to not understand (when reading or viewing); to be unable to see

   只個字在字典揣無。 [Teochew, trad.]
   只个字在字典揣无。 [Teochew, simp.]

   zi² gai⁷ ri⁷ do⁶ ri⁷ diêng² cuê⁷ bho⁵. [Peng'im]

   You can't find this word in the dictionary.

7. ^† regardless of; no matter whether
8. ^† nothing; nil

   從無到有／从无到有  ―  cóng wú dào yǒu  ―  start from nothing, from scratch

9. ^† Alternative form of 毋 (wú, “do not”)
10. without; -less; un-

    無情／无情  ―  wúqíng  ―  heartless

    無理／无理  ―  wúlǐ  ―  unreasonable

    無邊／无边  ―  wúbiān  ―  unlimited

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 沒有 (“to not have (+ noun)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		無, 無有
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		沒有
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	沒有, 沒
	Taiwan	沒有, 沒
	Malaysia	沒有, 沒
	Singapore	沒有, 沒
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	沒有, 沒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	沒有
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	沒有, 沒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	沒得, 莫得, 没有
	Wuhan	冇得
	Guiyang	沒得, 不得
	Guilin	沒得
	Liuzhou	沒得
	Dagudi (Maliba)	不有
	Reshuitang (Longling)	不有
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	不有
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	不有
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	沒得
	Yangzhou	不得, 沒得
	Hefei	沒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	冇, 冇有
	Hong Kong	冇
	Taishan	冇
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冇有
	Hepu (Shatian)	冇有
	Beihai	冇, 冇有
	Beihai (Nankang)	冇
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冇有
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冇, 冇有
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冇, 冇有
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冇, 冇有
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	冇
	Penang (Guangfu)	冇
	Singapore (Guangfu)	冇
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	冇
	Móng Cái	冇, 冇有
Gan	Nanchang	冒有, 冇
Hakka	Meixian	無
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	無
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	無
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	無
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	無
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	無
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	無
	Singapore (Dabu)	無
Huizhou	Jixi	沒
Jin	Taiyuan	沒, 沒啦
Northern Min	Jian'ou	無
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	無
	Singapore (Fuqing)	無
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	無
Southern Min	Xiamen	無
	Quanzhou	無
	Zhangzhou	無
	Zhao'an	無
	Taipei	無
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	無
	Kaohsiung	無
	Yilan	無
	Changhua (Lukang)	無
	Taichung	無
	Tainan	無
	Hsinchu	無
	Kinmen	無
	Penghu (Magong)	無
	Penang (Hokkien)	無
	Singapore (Hokkien)	無
	Manila (Hokkien)	無
	Chaozhou	無
	Shantou	無
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	無
	Jieyang	無
	Haifeng	無
	Bangkok (Teochew)	無
	Singapore (Teochew)	無
	Batam (Teochew)	無
	Pontianak (Teochew)	無
	Wenchang	無
	Qionghai	無
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	無
Wu	Shanghai	嘸沒, 嘸 dated
	Suzhou	嘸不
	Danyang	無則, 沒得
	Hangzhou	沒有
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	嘸不
	Shaoxing	唔有
	Ningbo	嘸沒, 嘸 dated
	Wenzhou	冇
	Jinhua	嘸, 嘸沒
Xiang	Changsha	冇得, 冇
	Shuangfeng	冇得

Dialectal synonyms of 不 (“not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	不
	Taiwan	不
	Langfang	不
	Chengde	不
	Chifeng	不
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	不
	Heihe	不
	Nenjiang	不
	Mohe	不
	Qiqihar	不
	Tailai	不
	Jiyan	不
	Lanxi	不
	Boli	不
	Jiayin	不
	Muling	不
	Dongning	不
	Ning'an	不
	Linkou	不
	Zhaozhou	不
	Zhaodong	不
	Mishan	不
	Harbin	不
	Shangzhi	不
	Jiamusi	不
	Tongjiang	不
	Baicheng	不
	Changchun	不
	Tonghua	不
	Shenyang	不
	Jinzhou	不
	Jingzhou (Shashi)	不
	Malaysia	不
	Singapore	不
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	不
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	不
	Tangshan	不
	Cangzhou	不
	Baoding	不
	Dingxing	不
	Shijiazhuang	不
	Lijin	不
	Wudi	不
	Weifang (Weicheng)	不
	Jinan	不
	Jinan (Zhangqiu)	不
	Dezhou	不
	Tai'an	不
	Xintai	不
	Zichuan	不
	Boshan	不
	Yinan	不
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	不
	Dandong	不
	Yantai	不
	Yantai (Muping)	不
	Laizhou	不
	Weihai	不
	Rongcheng	不
	Qingdao	不
	Zhucheng	不
	Yishui	不
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	不
	Lingbao	不
	Ningyang	不
	Daming	不
	Yuncheng	不
	Wanrong	不
	Linfen	不
	Hongtong	不
	Shangqiu	不
	Yuanyang	不
	Zhengzhou	不
	Xinyang	不
	Shangluo	不
	Luonan	不
	Danfeng	不
	Shangnan	不
	Shanyang	不
	Zhen'an	不
	Ankang	不
	Baihe	不
	Pingli	不
	Xunyang	不
	Lueyang	不
	Mianxian	不
	Yangxian	不
	Xi'an	不
	Xi'an (Baqiao)	不
	Xi'an (Yanliang)	不
	Xi'an (Lintong)	不
	Xi'an (Chang'an)	不
	Xi'an (Huyi)	不
	Xi'an (Gaoling)	不
	Zhouzhi	不
	Lantian	不
	Xianyang	不
	Xingping	不
	Wugong	不
	Qianxian	不
	Liquan	不
	Jingyang	不
	Sanyuan	不
	Yongshou	不
	Changwu	不
	Tongchuan (Wangyi)	不
	Tongchuan (Yaozhou)	不
	Yijun	不
	Weinan	不
	Weinan (Huazhou)	不
	Hancheng	不
	Huayin	不
	Tongguan	不
	Dali	不
	Heyang	不
	Chengcheng	不
	Baishui	不
	Pucheng	不
	Fuping	不
	Huanglong	不
	Yichuan	不
	Huangling	不
	Luochuan	不
	Fuxian	不
	Dingbian	不
	Baoji	不
Baoji (Chencang)	不
Fengchang	不
Qishan	不
Fufeng	不
Meixian	不
Taibai	不
Fengxian	不
Qianyang	不
Longxian	不
Linyou	不
Tianshui	不
Xining	不
Xuzhou	不
Pizhou	不
Suqian	不
Lianyungang (Ganyu)	不
Donghai	不
Fuyang	不
Bengbu	不
Suzhou, Anhui	不
Huaibei	不
Guangde (Qiuzhuang)	不
Qimen (Anling Junhua)	不
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	不
	Lanzhou	不
	Jiuquan	不
	Dunhuang	不
	Shandan	不
	Hami	不
	Ürümqi	不
	Jimsar	不
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	不
	Chengdu (Xindu)	不
	Chengdu (Xinfan, Xindu)	不
	Chengdu (Huayang, Shuangliu)	不
	Chengdu (Pidu)	不
	Chengdu (Wenjiang)	不
	Chengdu (Shuangliu)	不
	Chengdu (Xinjin)	不
	Jintang	不
	Pengzhou	不
	Dujiangyan	不
	Chongzhou	不
	Dayi	不
	Pujiang	不
	Qionglai	不
	Jianyang	不
	Xiaojin	不
	Jinchuan	不
	Songpan	不
	Maoxian	不
	Lixian	不
	Wenchuan	不
	Deyang	不
	Deyang (Luojiang)	不
	Mianzhu	不
	Shifang	不
	Guanghan	不
	Zhongjiang	不
	Ziyang	不
	Anyue	沒有
	Lezhi	不
	Mianyang	不
	Mianyang (Anzhou)	不
	Zitong	不
	Jiangyou	不
	Jiangyou (Zhangming)	沒
	Pingwu	不
	Beichuan	不
	Yanting	不
	Santai	不
	Guangyuan	不
	Guangyuan (Zhaohua)	不
	Cangxi	不
	Jiange	不
	Meishan	沒
	Pengshan	不
	Danling	不
	Hongya	不
	Qingshen	不
	Renshou	不
	Luzhou (Naxi)	不
	Luxian	不
	Xuyong	沒有
	Gulin	不
	Hejiang	不
	Yibin	不
	Yibin (Nanxi)	不
	Pingshan	不
	Gaoxian	不
	Changning	不
	Gongxian	不
	Xingwen (Gusong)	不
	Xingwen (Bowangshan)	不
	Jiang'an	不
Junlian	不
Leshan	不
Jiajiang	不
Emeishan	不
Ebian	不
Qianwei	不
Mabian	不
Jingyan	不
Neijiang	沒有
Zizhong	不
Weiyuan	不
Longchang	不
Suining	不
Pengxi	不
Shehong	不
Guang'an	不
Yuechi	不
Wusheng	不
Linshui	不
Nanchong	不
Nanbu	不
Langzhong	不
Yilong	不
Yingshan	不
Peng'an	不
Dazhou	不
Dazhu	不
Kaijiang	不
Wanyuan	不
Xuanhan	沒
Bazhong	不
Tongjiang	不
Nanjiang	不
Hanyuan	不
Xichang	不
Zigong	不
Fushun	不
Rongxian	不
Leibo	不
Chongqing	不
Chongqing (Nanchuan)	不
Chongqing (Dazu)	不
Chongqing (Rongchang)	不
Chongqing (Yongchuan)	不
Chongqing (Bishan)	沒
Chongqing (Tongliang)	沒有
Chongqing (Tongnan)	不
Chongqing (Hechuan)	不
Chongqing (Changshou)	不
Chongqing (Fuling)	不
Chongqing (Jiangjin)	不
Chongqing (Wanzhou)	不
Chongqing (Shizhu)	不
Chongqing (Kaizhou)	不
Chongqing (Chengkou)	不
Chongqing (Dianjiang)	不
Chongqing (Liangping)	不
Chongqing (Fengdu)	不
Chongqing (Zhongxian)	不
Chongqing (Qianjiang)	不
Chongqing (Pengshui)	不
Chongqing (Youyang)	不
Chongqing (Xiushan)	不
Chongqing (Yunyang)	不
Chongqing (Wuxi)	不
Chongqing (Fengjie)	不
Chongqing (Wushan)	不
Wuhan	冇
Wuhan (Jiangxia)	冇
Wuhan (Caidian)	冇
Wuhan (Xinzhou)	冇
Wuhan (Huangpi)	冇
Hanchuan	冇
Suizhou	不
Suixian	不
Yichang	不
Dangyang	不
Zhijiang	不
Yidu	不
Changyang	不, 沒
Xingshan	不
Zigui	不
Wufeng	不
Enshi	不
Hefeng	不
Badong	不
Xuan'en	沒
Laifeng	不
Lichuan	沒
Jianshi	不
Xianfeng	不
Xiangyang	不
Laohekou	不
Baokang	不
Nanzhang	不
Zaoyang	不
Yicheng	不
Gucheng	不
Jingzhou	不
Jiangling	不
Shishou	不
Gong'an	不
Songzi	沒有
Jingmen	不
Zhongchang	不
Jingshan	不
Tianmen	不
Xiantao	不
Qianjiang	不
Shennongjia	不
Shiyan	不
Zhuxi	冒
Zhushan	不
Yunxi	沒
Yunyang	不
Danjiangkou	不
Fangxian	不
Lhasa	不
Guiyang	不
Zunyi	不
Bijie	不
Zhaotong	不
Baoshan, Yunnan	不
Dali	不
Kunming	不
Qujing	不
Wenshan	不
Mengzi	不
Pu'er	不
Lincang	不
Guilin	不
Liuzhou	沒, 不
Jishou	沒
Changde	不
Zhangjiajie	不
Yongzhou	不
Huitong	不
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	不
Ganzhou	不
Shiquan	不
Ziyang	不
Ningshan	不
Langao	不
Zhenping	不
Hanzhong	不
Hanzhong (Nanzheng)	不
Ningqiang	不
Liuba	不
Chenggu	不
Foping	不
Xixiang	不
Zhenba	不
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	不
	Nanjing (Pukou)	不
	Nanjing (Luhe)	不
	Nanjing (Lishui)	不
	Yangzhou	不
	Yangzhou (Jiangdu)	不
	Baoying	不
	Gaoyou	不
	Yizheng	不
	Taizhou	不
	Taixing	不
	Taizhou (Jiangyan)	不
	Jingjiang (Dongxing)	不
	Zhenjiang	不
	Jurong	不
	Yangzhong	不
	Lianyungang	不
	Lianyungang (Haizhou)	不
	Guanyun	不
	Guannan	不
	Huai'an	不
	Huai'an (Huai'an District)	不
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	不
	Huai'an (Hongze)	不
	Lianshui	不
	Xuyi	不
	Jinhu	不
	Xinghua	不
	Nantong	不
	Rugao	不
	Rudong	不
	Hai'an	不
	Yancheng	不
	Dongtai	不
	Binhai	不
	Sheyang	不
	Yancheng (Dafeng)	不
	Funing	不
	Jianhu	不
	Xiangshui	不
	Shuyang	不
	Sihong	不
	Siyang	不
	Anqing	不
	Tongcheng	不
	Zongyang	不
	Chizhou	不
	Qingyang	不
	Wuhu	不
	Wuhu (Wanzhi)	不
	Wuhu (Jinghu)	不
	Wuhu (Fanchang)	不
	Wuwei	不
	Hanshan	不
	Hexian	不
	Ma'anshan	不
	Dangtu	不
	Xuancheng	不
	Hefei	不
	Feidong	不
	Feixi	不
	Chaohu	不
	Lujiang	不
	Changfeng	不
Huainan	不
Lu'an	不
Lu'an (Qingshuihe, Jin'an)	不
Shucheng	不
Huoshan	不
Chuzhou	不
Lai'an	不
Quanjiao	不
Mingguang	不
Tianchang	不
Ezhou (Echeng)	不
Huangshi	不
Huanggang	不
Hong'an	不
Macheng	不
Luotian	不
Yingshan	不
Xishui	不
Huangmei	不
Wuxue	不
Qichun	不
Xiaogan	不
Anlu	不
Yingcheng	不
Yunmeng	不
Dawu	不
Guangshui	不
Zhashui	不
Jiujiang	不
Ruichang	不
Mandarin	Ningguo (Gangkou)	不
	Langxi	不
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔
	Hong Kong	唔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	唔
	Macau	唔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	唔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔
	Foshan	唔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔
	Foshan (Shunde)	唔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	唔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	唔
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	唔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	唔
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔
	Taishan	唔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔
	Heshan (Yayao)	唔
	Dongguan	唔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔
	Qingyuan	唔
	Fogang	唔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	唔
	Yangshan	唔
	Lianshan (Butian)	冇
	Lianshan (Yonghe)	唔
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	冇
	Shaoguan	唔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	唔
	Renhua	唔
	Lechang	唔
	Yunfu	唔
	Yangjiang	冇
	Yangjiang (Yangdong)	冇
	Yangdong (Yashao)	冇
	Yangxi	冇
	Xinyi	冇
	Maoming (Xinpo)	冇
	Maoming (Yangjiao)	冇
	Gaozhou	冇
	Zhanjiang	冇
	Lianjiang	冇
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	冇
	Nanning	冇
	Wuzhou	冇
	Cangwu (Liubao)	冇
	Yulin	冇
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冇
	Hepu (Shatian)	冇
	Guiping (Madong)	冇
	Beihai	冇
	Beihai (Nankang)	冇
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冇
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冇
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	冇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔
Singapore (Guangfu)	唔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	唔
Móng Cái	冇
Gan	Nanchang	不
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	冒
	Anyi	不
	Hukou	不
	Lushan	不
	Yongxiu	不
	Xiushui	不
	Pengze	不
	Duchang	不
	Wuning (Quankou)	不
	Poyang	不
	Yugan	不
	Wannian	冒
	Yiyang, Jiangxi	不
	Hengfeng	莫
	Leping	不
	Yichun	冇
	Yifeng	不
	Gao'an	唔
	Fengxin	不
	Shanggao	唔
	Wanzai	唔
	Fengcheng	不
	Xinyu	不
	Fuzhou	不
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	不, 唔
	Nancheng	不
	Nanfeng	不
	Yihuang	不
	Lichuan	不
	Chongren	冒
	Pingxiang	冒
	Lianhua	不, 唔
	Ji'an	不
	Jishui (Luotian)	不
	Yongfeng	不
	Taihe	唔
	Xiajiang	冒
	Yongxin	唔
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	不
	Guixi	沒
	Susong	不
	Susong (Heta)	不
	Wangjiang	不
	Qianshan	不
	Huaining	不
	Dongzhi	不
	Shitai	不
	Yangxin	不
	Daye	不
	Xianning	不
	Xianning (Maqiao)	不
	Jiayu	不
	Chongyang	不
	Chibi	冒
	Tongshan	不
	Jianli	不
	Yueyang	不
	Pingjiang (Xijiang)	不
	Liuyang	不
	Liling (Baitutan)	不
	Youxian	不
	Chaling	唔
	Leiyang	唔
Jianning	唔
Jinxian	不
Jinxi	冒
Le'an	冒
Guangchang	冒
Anfu	冒
Suichuan	唔
Wan'an	唔
Jing'an	沒
Zhangshu	冒
Xingan	冒
Fenyi	冒
Hakka	Meixian	唔
	Xingning	唔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	唔
	Huidong (Daling)	唔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	唔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	唔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	唔
	Wengyuan	唔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	唔
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	唔
	Liannan	唔
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	唔
	Jiexi	唔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	唔
	Changting	唔
	Shanghang	唔
	Wuping	唔
	Wuping (Pingyu)	唔
	Liancheng	唔
	Ninghua	唔, 不
	Qingliu	唔
	Yudu	唔
	Ningdu	唔
	Ruijin	唔
	Shicheng	唔
	Shangyou (Shexi)	晤
	Tonggu (Sandu)	唔
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	唔
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	唔
	Dayu	唔
	Quannan	唔
	Dingnan	唔
	Longnan	唔
	Xunwu	冒
	Anyuan	唔
	Huichang	冒
	Chongyi	唔
	Xingguo	莫
	Yunhe (Jinshuitan)	唔
	Tonggu	唔
	Fengxin (Zaoxi)	唔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	唔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	唔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	唔
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唔
	Hong Kong	唔
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	無
	Mengshan (Xihe)	冒
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	冇
Huizhou	Jixi	不
	Shexian	不
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	不
	Huangshan (Huizhou)	不
	Wuyuan	沒
	Fuliang	不
	Dexing	不
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	不
	Jiande (Meicheng)	弗
	Jiande (Shouchang)	勿
Jin	Taiyuan	不
	Jinzhong (Taigu)	不
	Pingyao	不
	Heshun	不
	Qixian	不
	Yangyuan	不
	Datong	不
	Guangling	不
	Suozhou (Pinglu)	不
	Xinzhou	不
	Wuzhai	不
	Lüliang (Lishi)	不
	Shilou	不
	Linxian	不
	Wenshui	不
	Xixian	不
	Changzhi	不
	Changzhi (Tunliu)	不
	Linhe	不
	Zhangzi	不
	Qinxian	不
	Lingchuan	不
	Jining	不
	Hohhot	不
	Erenhot	不
	Pingshan	不
	Zhangjiakou	不
	Handan	不
	Linzhou	不
	Suide	不
	Zizhou	不
	Mizhi	不
	Jiaxian	不
	Wubu	不
	Shenmu	不
	Fugu	不
	Yulin	不
	Yulin (Hengshan)	不
	Jingbian	不
	Yan'an	不
	Yan'an (Ansai)	不
	Ganquan	不
	Zhidan	不
	Wuqi	不
	Qingjian	不
	Zichang	不
	Yanchuan	不
	Yanchang	不
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	弗
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓, 𣍐
	Songxi	唔, 𣍐
	Zhenghe	唔, 𣍐
	Pucheng (Shibei)	伓, 𣍐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓, 𣍐
	Fuzhou (Changle)	伓, 𣍐
	Lianjiang	伓, 𣍐
	Fuqing	伓, 𣍐
	Pingtan	伓, 𣍐
	Yongtai	伓, 𣍐
	Minqing	伓, 𣍐
	Gutian	伓, 𣍐
	Pingnan	伓, 𣍐
	Luoyuan	伓, 𣍐
	Fu'an	伓, 𣍐
	Ningde	伓, 𣍐
	Xiapu	伓, 𣍐
	Zherong	伓, 𣍐
	Shouning	伓, 𣍐
	Zhouning	伓, 𣍐
	Fuding	伓, 𣍐
	Matsu	伓, 𣍐
	Taishun	伓
	Cangnan	冇, 無
	Cixi (Guanhaiwei)	伓
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Quanzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Jinjiang	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nan'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Shishi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hui'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Anxi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yongchun	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dehua	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hua'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nanjing	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Pinghe	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangpu	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yunxiao	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhao'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dongshan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Taipei	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kaohsiung	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Tainan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kinmen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Penang (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Singapore (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Datian	毋, 𣍐
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	毋
	Cangnan	毋
	Langxi (Feili)	毋
	Chaozhou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Shantou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Jieyang	唔
	Haifeng	唔
	Singapore (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Batam (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Pontianak (Teochew)	唔
	Leizhou	伓
	Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai)	無
	Wenchang	無
	Haikou	無
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無
Puxian Min	Putian	伓, 𣍐
	Xianyou	伓, 𣍐
Central Min	Yong'an	伓, 𣍐
	Sanming (Shaxian)	伓, 𣍐
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	冒, 唔
	Guangze	唔
	Jiangle	唔
	Mingxi	唔
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	唔
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冇
	Binyang	冇
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	不
Shehua	Fu'an	唔, 𣍐
	Fuding	唔, 𣍐
	Luoyuan	唔, 𣍐
	Sanming	唔, 𣍐
	Shunchang	唔, 𣍐
	Hua'an	唔, 𣍐
	Jingning (Hexi)	嘸
	Jingning (Zhengkeng)	嘸
Wu	Shanghai	勿
	Shanghai (Yangpu)	勿
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	勿
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	勿
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	勿, 弗
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	勿
	Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong)	勿
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	勿
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	勿
	Shanghai (Jiading)	勿
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Chongming)	弗, 勿
	Suzhou	弗
	Suzhou (Xishan, Wuzhong)	弗
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	弗
	Wuxi	弗
	Changshu	弗
	Kunshan	弗
	Zhangjiagang	弗
	Qidong	弗
	Qidong (Lüsi)	不
	Nantong (Haimen)	弗
	Haimen (Sijia)	不
	Rudong	弗
	Jiaxing	弗
	Jiashan	弗
	Pinghu	弗
	Haining (Xiashi)	弗
	Tongxiang	弗
	Haiyan	弗
	Changzhou	弗
	Liyang	弗
	Changzhou (Jintan)	弗
	Yixing	勿
	Danyang	弗
	Jingjiang	不
	Jiangyin	弗
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	不
	Huzhou	弗
	Changxing	弗
	Anji	弗
	Anji (Xiaofeng)	弗
	Deqing	弗
	Hangzhou	不
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	弗
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	弗
	Hangzhou (Changfa, Lin'an)	不
	Hangzhou (Yuqian, Lin'an)	不
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	弗
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	弗
	Tonglu	勿
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	不
	Shaoxing	勿
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	勿
	Shaoxing (Shangyu)	勿
	Zhuji	弗
	Shengzhou	弗
	Xinchang	弗
	Ningbo	勿, 嘸沒
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	弗
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	弗
	Ningbo (Beilun)	勿
Ningbo (Yinzhou)	弗
Yuyao	勿
Cixi	弗
Xiangshan	弗
Ninghai	弗
Zhoushan	弗
Zhoushan (Dinghai)	弗
Daishan	弗
Shengsi	勿
Taizhou (Huangyan)	弗
Tiantai	弗, 勿
Xianju	弗
Sanmen	弗
Linhai	弗
Wenling	弗
Yuhuan	弗
Wenzhou	否
Yueqing	否
Yongjia	否
Rui'an	否
Pingyang	否
Taishun	否
Wencheng	否
Lishui	否
Qingtian	否
Jinyun	弗
Wuyi (Liucheng)	弗
Songyang (Xiping)	弗
Yunhe	否
Jingning	否
Qingyuan	否
Longquan	否
Quzhou	弗
Quzhou (Duze, Qujiang)	弗
Suichang	否
Jiangshan	弗
Changshan	弗
Kaihua	弗
Longyou	弗
Jinhua	弗
Jinhua (Tangxi)	弗
Yiwu	弗
Yongkang	弗
Pujiang	弗
Dongyang	弗
Wuyi	弗
Lanxi	弗
Shangrao	嘸
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	唔
Tongling (Xihu & Shun'an)	不
Nanling	不
Tongling (Yi'an)	不
Huangshan	不
Jingxian	不
Jingxian (Zhaji)	不
Pucheng	嘸
Xiang	Changsha	不, 唔
	Yiyang, Hunan	不
	Xiangtan	不
	Xiangxiang	不
	Loudi	不
	Shuangfeng	不
	Xinhua	唔
	Lianyuan	不
	Shaoyang	唔, 莫
	Wugang	不, 冇
	Hengyang	不
	Hengshan	不
	Qiyang	不
	Quanzhou	不
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	沒
	Dong'an	不
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	唔
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	唔
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	唔
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	唔
	Renhua (Shitang)	不, 唔
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	唔

Dialectal synonyms of 不到 (“cannot (particle)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不到
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	不到
	Malaysia	不到
	Singapore	不到
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔到
	Hong Kong	唔到
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔到
	Penang (Guangfu)	唔到
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔到
Southern Min	Xiamen	無
	Taipei	無 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	無
	Singapore (Hokkien)	無
	Manila (Hokkien)	無
	Jieyang	無
	Singapore (Teochew)	無
Wu	Shanghai	弗著
	Suzhou	弗著
	Ningbo	弗著
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

See also

• (interrogative particle) 未 (wèi), 嗎／吗 (ma), 否 (fǒu)

Compounds

• 一無所得／一无所得 (yīwúsuǒdé)
• 一無所獲／一无所获 (yīwúsuǒhuò)
• 人無遠慮，必有近憂／人无远虑，必有近忧 (rén wú yuǎnlǜ, bì yǒu jìnyōu)
• 仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無／仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无 (sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô) (Min Nan)
• 巨細無遺／巨细无遗 (jùxìwúyí)
• 慘無人道／惨无人道 (cǎnwúréndào)
• 有無／有无 (yǒuwú)
• 無一定／无一定 (bô-it-tēng)
• 無上／无上 (wúshàng)
• 無下箸處／无下箸处
• 無不／无不 (wúbù)
• 無中生有／无中生有 (wúzhōng-shēngyǒu)
• 無主／无主 (wúzhǔ)
• 無事／无事 (wúshì)
• 無事不登三寶殿／无事不登三宝殿 (wúshì bù dēng sānbǎo diàn)
• 無事忙／无事忙
• 無事生非／无事生非 (wúshìshēngfēi)
• 無二／无二
• 無人／无人 (wúrén)
• 無人問津／无人问津 (wúrénwènjīn)
• 無人售票／无人售票
• 無他／无他
• 無以復加／无以复加 (wúyǐfùjiā)
• 無休止／无休止 (wúxiūzhǐ)
• 無依無靠／无依无靠 (wúyīwúkào)
• 無偌久／无偌久 (bô-gōa-kú)
• 無債一身輕／无债一身轻
• 無傷大雅／无伤大雅 (wúshāngdàyǎ)
• 無價之寶／无价之宝 (wújiàzhībǎo)
• 無償／无偿 (wúcháng)
• 無冕之王／无冕之王
• 無冤無仇／无冤无仇 (wúyuānwúchóu)
• 無冬歷夏／无冬历夏
• 無冬無夏／无冬无夏
• 無出其右／无出其右 (wúchūqíyòu)
• 無利／无利
• 無前／无前
• 無力／无力 (wúlì)
• 無功／无功
• 無功不受祿／无功不受禄 (wúgōngbùshòulù)
• 無功受祿／无功受禄 (wúgōngshòulù)
• 無功受祿／无功受禄 (wúgōngshòulù)
• 無助／无助 (wúzhù)
• 無助於／无助于
• 無動於中／无动于中 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
• 無動於衷／无动于衷 (wúdòngyúzhōng)
• 無匹／无匹
• 無及／无及 (wújí)
• 無口／无口
• 無可厚非／无可厚非 (wúkěhòufēi)
• 無可奈何／无可奈何 (wúkěnàihé)
• 無可奈何花落去／无可奈何花落去
• 無可奉告／无可奉告 (wúkěfènggào)
• 無可救藥／无可救药 (wúkějiùyào)
• 無可比擬／无可比拟 (wúkěbǐnǐ)
• 無可無不可／无可无不可
• 無可爭辯／无可争辩 (wúkězhēngbiàn)
• 無可置疑／无可置疑 (wúkězhìyí)
• 無可諱言／无可讳言 (wúkěhuìyán)
• 無可非議／无可非议 (wúkěfēiyì)
• 無名／无名 (wúmíng)
• 無名小卒／无名小卒 (wúmíng xiǎozú)
• 無名指／无名指 (wúmíngzhǐ)
• 無名氏／无名氏 (wúmíngshì)
• 無名火／无名火 (wúmínghuǒ)
• 無名英雄／无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
• 無告／无告 (wúgào)
• 無味／无味 (wúwèi)
• 無品／无品
• 無啥物／无啥物 (bô-siáⁿ-mih)
• 無問題／无问题 (mò-mun-thì)
• 無地／无地 (wúdì)
• 無地自容／无地自容 (wúdìzìróng)
• 無坐力炮／无坐力炮
• 無垠／无垠 (wúyín)
• 無垢／无垢
• 無堅不摧／无坚不摧 (wújiānbùcuī)
• 無大無小／无大无小
• 無奈／无奈 (wúnài)
• 無奇不有／无奇不有 (wúqíbùyǒu)
• 無奈何／无奈何
• 無妄之災／无妄之灾 (wúwàngzhīzāi)
• 無妨／无妨 (wúfáng)
• 無孔不人／无孔不人
• 無官一身輕／无官一身轻
• 無害／无害 (wúhài)
• 無家可歸／无家可归 (wú jiā kě guī)
• 無局／无局
• 無巧不成書／无巧不成书 (wúqiǎobùchéngshū)
• 無已／无已 (wúyǐ)
• 無常／无常 (wúcháng)
• 無干 (wúgān)
• 無幾／无几 (wújǐ)
• 無序／无序 (wúxù)
• 無底／无底
• 無底洞／无底洞 (wúdǐdòng)
• 無度／无度 (wúdù)
• 無張持／无张持 (bô-tiuⁿ-tî) (Min Nan)
• 無形／无形 (wúxíng)
• 無形中／无形中 (wúxíngzhōng)
• 無形資本／无形资本
• 無彩／无彩 (bô-chhái) (Min Nan)
• 無影無蹤／无影无踪 (wúyǐngwúzōng)
• 無影燈／无影灯 (wúyǐngdēng)
• 無往不利／无往不利 (wúwǎngbùlì)
• 無往不勝／无往不胜 (wúwǎngbùshèng)
• 無後／无后 (wúhòu)
• 無後坐力炮／无后坐力炮
• 無徒／无徒
• 無從／无从 (wúcóng)
• 無微不至／无微不至 (wúwēibùzhì)
• 無德／无德 (wúdé)
• 無心／无心 (wúxīn)
• 無忌／无忌 (wújì)
• 無怪／无怪 (wúguài)
• 無性／无性 (wúxìng)
• 無性生殖／无性生殖 (wúxìng shēngzhí)
• 無性雜交／无性杂交
• 無恥／无耻 (wúchǐ)
• 無恆／无恒
• 無恙／无恙 (wúyàng)
• 無息貸款／无息贷款
• 無患／无患 (wúhuàn)
• 無悔／无悔
• 無情／无情 (wúqíng)
• 無惡不作／无恶不作 (wú'èbùzuò)
• 無情無義／无情无义 (wúqíngwúyì)
• 無意／无意 (wúyì)
• 無意識／无意识 (wúyìshí)
• 無愧／无愧 (wúkuì)
• 無憂無慮／无忧无虑 (wúyōuwúlǜ)
• 無懈可擊／无懈可击 (wúxièkějī)
• 無成／无成 (wúchéng)
• 無我／无我 (wúwǒ)
• 無所不包／无所不包 (wúsuǒbùbāo)
• 無所不可／无所不可
• 無所不在／无所不在 (wúsuǒbùzài)
• 無所不有／无所不有
• 無所不為／无所不为 (wúsuǒbùwéi)
• 無所不用其極／无所不用其极 (wú suǒ bùyòng qí jí)
• 無所不知／无所不知 (wúsuǒbùzhī)
• 無所不能／无所不能 (wúsuǒbùnéng)
• 無所事事／无所事事 (wúsuǒshìshì)
• 無所作為／无所作为 (wúsuǒzuòwéi)
• 無所措手足／无所措手足 (wú suǒ cuò shǒu zú)
• 無所用心／无所用心 (wúsuǒyòngxīn)
• 無所畏懼／无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
• 無所謂／无所谓 (wúsuǒwèi)
• 無所適從／无所适从 (wúsuǒshìcóng)
• 無才／无才
• 無拘無束／无拘无束 (wújūwúshù)
• 無指／无指 (wúzhǐ)
• 無措／无措 (wúcuò)
• 無援／无援 (wúyuán)
• 無損／无损 (wúsǔn)
• 無政府主義／无政府主义 (wúzhèngfǔzhǔyì)
• 無故／无故 (wúgù)
• 無效／无效 (wúxiào)
• 無數／无数 (wúshù)
• 無敵／无敌 (wúdí)
• 無料／无料
• 無方／无方
• 無日／无日
• 無日無之／无日无之 (wúrìwúzhī)
• 無明火／无明火 (wúmínghuǒ)
• 無時／无时 (wúshí)
• 無時無刻／无时无刻 (wúshíwúkè)
• 無暇／无暇 (wúxiá)
• 無月／无月
• 無望／无望 (wúwàng)
• 無期徒刑／无期徒刑 (wúqī túxíng)
• 無柄葉／无柄叶
• 無核／无核
• 無核國家／无核国家
• 無條件／无条件 (wútiáojiàn)
• 無條件刺激／无条件刺激
• 無條件反射／无条件反射
• 無棣／无棣
• 無極／无极 (wújí)
• 無業／无业 (wúyè)
• 無業遊民／无业游民 (wúyèyóumín)
• 無機／无机 (wújī)
• 無機化合物／无机化合物 (wújī huàhéwù)
• 無機化學／无机化学 (wújī huàxué)
• 無機合成／无机合成
• 無機物／无机物 (wújīwù)
• 無機肥料／无机肥料 (wújī féiliào)
• 無機酸／无机酸
• 無機鹽／无机盐 (wújīyán)
• 無權／无权 (wúquán)
• 無欲／无欲 (bô-beh)
• 無止境／无止境 (wúzhǐjìng)
• 無殊／无殊
• 無毒／无毒 (wúdú)
• 無比／无比 (wúbǐ)
• 無毛／无毛 (wúmáo)
• 無氧／无氧
• 無水／无水
• 無法／无法 (wúfǎ)
• 無法無天／无法无天 (wúfǎwútiān)
• 無涉／无涉 (wúshè)
• 無涯／无涯 (wúyá)
• 無源之水，無本之木／无源之水，无本之木 (wúyuán zhī shuǐ, wúběn zhī mù)
• 無漏／无漏
• 無濟於事／无济于事 (wújìyúshì)
• 無為／无为 (wúwéi)
• 無……無……／无……无……
• 無煙火藥／无烟火药 (wúyān huǒyào)
• 無煙煤／无烟煤 (wúyānméi)
• 無牌／无牌
• 無牙／无牙
• 無物／无物 (wúwù)
• 無牽無掛／无牵无挂 (wúqiānwúguà)
• 無狀／无状
• 無猜／无猜 (wúcāi)
• 無獨有偶／无独有偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)
• 無理／无理 (wúlǐ)
• 無理函數／无理函数
• 無理取鬧／无理取闹 (wúlǐqǔnào)
• 無理式／无理式
• 無理強辯／无理强辩
• 無理數／无理数 (wúlǐshù)
• 無理方程／无理方程
• 無理根／无理根
• 無瑕／无瑕 (wúxiá)
• 無產／无产 (wúchǎn)
• 無產者／无产者 (wúchǎnzhě)
• 無產階級／无产阶级 (wúchǎn jiējí)
• 無產階級專政／无产阶级专政 (wúchǎn jiējí zhuānzhèng)
• 無產階級文化大革命／无产阶级文化大革命 (Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng)
• 無用／无用 (wúyòng)
• 無用功／无用功 (wúyònggōng)
• 無由／无由 (wúyóu)
• 無畏／无畏 (wúwèi)
• 無異／无异 (wúyì)
• 無疆／无疆 (wújiāng)
• 無疑／无疑 (wúyí)
• 無病呻吟／无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
• 無痛／无痛 (wútòng)
• 無痛分娩／无痛分娩
• 無的放矢／无的放矢 (wúdìfàngshǐ)
• 無益／无益 (wúyì)
• 無盡／无尽 (wújìn)
• 無盡無休／无尽无休 (wújìnwúxiū)
• 無知／无知 (wúzhī)
• 無神／无神 (wúshén)
• 無神論／无神论 (wúshénlùn)
• 無視／无视 (wúshì)
• 無祿／无禄
• 無禮／无礼 (wúlǐ)
• 無私／无私 (wúsī)
• 無私有弊／无私有弊
• 無稽／无稽 (wújī)
• 無窮／无穷 (wúqióng)
• 無窮大／无穷大
• 無窮小／无穷小
• 無窮無盡／无穷无尽 (wúqióngwújìn)
• 無立錐之地／无立锥之地
• 無端／无端 (wúduān)
• 無策／无策 (wúcè)
• 無算／无算
• 無米之炊／无米之炊
• 無籽果實／无籽果实
• 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
• 無糖／无糖 (wútáng)
• 無緣／无缘 (wúyuán)
• 無緣無故／无缘无故 (wúyuánwúgù)
• 無線電／无线电 (wúxiàndiàn)
• 無線電傳真／无线电传真
• 無線電報導／无线电报导
• 無線電收音機／无线电收音机
• 無線電波／无线电波 (wúxiàndiànbō)
• 無線電發射機／无线电发射机
• 無線電視／无线电视
• 無線電臺／无线电台
• 無線電話／无线电话 (wúxiàn diànhuà)
• 無線電通信／无线电通信
• 無線電電子學／无线电电子学
• 無縫／无缝 (wúfèng)
• 無縫鋼管／无缝钢管
• 無繩電話／无绳电话
• 無缺／无缺 (wúquē)
• 無罪／无罪 (wúzuì)
• 無翅／无翅
• 無聊／无聊 (wúliáo)
• 無聊賴／无聊赖 (wúliáolài)
• 無聲／无声 (wúshēng)
• 無聲無息／无声无息 (wúshēngwúxī)
• 無聲無臭／无声无臭
• 無聲片／无声片
• 無聲片兒／无声片儿
• 無職／无职
• 無能／无能 (wúnéng)
• 無脊椎動物／无脊椎动物
• 無能為力／无能为力 (wúnéngwéilì)
• 無與倫比／无与伦比 (wúyǔlúnbǐ)
• 無色／无色 (wúsè)
• 無花果／无花果 (wúhuāguǒ)
• 無茶／无茶
• 無著／无著 (wúzhuó)
• 無華／无华 (wúhuá)
• 無菌／无菌 (wújūn)
• 無薪假／无薪假 (wúxīnjià)
• 無處存身／无处存身
• 無虞／无虞 (wúyú)
• 無血／无血
• 無補／无补 (wúbǔ)
• 無裨／无裨
• 無要緊／无要紧 (mò-yeu-kín)
• 無見／无见
• 無親無故／无亲无故 (wúqīnwúgù)
• 無言以對／无言以对 (wúyányǐduì)
• 無計／无计 (wújì)
• 無計可施／无计可施 (wújìkěshī)
• 無記名投票／无记名投票 (wújìmíng tóupiào)
• 無話不說／无话不说 (wúhuàbùshuō)
• 無話可說／无话可说 (wúhuàkěshuō)
• 無誤／无误 (wúwù)
• 無語／无语 (wúyǔ)
• 無論／无论 (wúlùn)
• 無論如何／无论如何 (wúlùnrúhé)
• 無謀／无谋 (wúmóu)
• 無謂／无谓 (wúwèi)
• 無貨／无货
• 無賴／无赖 (wúlài)
• 無趣／无趣 (wúqù)
• 無足輕重／无足轻重 (wúzúqīngzhòng)
• 無路可走／无路可走
• 無路用／无路用 (bô-lō͘-ēng) (Min Nan)
• 無軌電車／无轨电车 (wúguǐ diànchē)
• 無辜／无辜 (wúgū)
• 無道／无道 (wúdào)
• 無遺／无遗 (wúyí)
• 無邊／无边 (wúbiān)
• 無邪／无邪 (wúxié)
• 無酸硫／无酸硫
• 無量／无量 (wúliàng)
• 無鉛／无铅 (wúqiān)
• 無錫／无锡 (Wúxī)
• 無間／无间 (wújiàn)
• 無關／无关 (wúguān)
• 無關宏旨／无关宏旨
• 無關痛癢／无关痛痒 (wúguāntòngyǎng)
• 無關緊要／无关紧要 (wúguānjǐnyào)
• 無阻／无阻 (wúzǔ)
• 無限／无限 (wúxiàn)
• 無限公司／无限公司 (wúxiàn gōngsī)
• 無限大／无限大
• 無限小／无限小
• 無限期／无限期 (wúxiànqī)
• 無隙可乘／无隙可乘 (wúxìkěchéng)
• 無際／无际 (wújì)
• 無雙／无双 (wúshuāng)
• 無難／无难
• 無需／无需 (wúxū)
• 無霜期／无霜期 (wúshuāngqī)
• 無非／无非 (wúfēi)
• 無音／无音 (wúyīn)
• 無須／无须 (wúxū)
• 無頜／无颌
• 無頭案／无头案 (wútóu'àn)
• 無頭神／无头神 (bô-thâu-sîn)
• 無顏／无颜 (wúyán)
• 無題／无题 (wútí)
• 無風／无风 (wúfēng)
• 無風不起浪／无风不起浪 (wú fēng bù qǐ làng)
• 無餘／无余
• 無馱／无驮
• 無鹽／无盐 (wúyán)
• 算無遺策／算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
• 絕無僅有／绝无仅有 (juéwújǐnyǒu)
• 若無／若无 (nā-bô)
• 體無完膚／体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無):

• → Japanese: 無(む) (mu); 無(ぶ) (bu)
• → Korean: 무(無) (mu)
• → Vietnamese: vô (無)

→ Peranakan Indonesian: bo

Etymology 2

trad.		無
simp.		无
alternative forms		嘸／呒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó (mo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò
• Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mo

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mo⁴
    • Yale: mòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò
    • Hakka Romanization System: mo^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mo²
    • Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mo
    • MiniDict: mo^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mo
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/

Definitions

無

1. Only used in 南無／南无 (nāmó).

Compounds

• 南無／南无
• 南無阿彌陀佛／南无阿弥陀佛

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 無 – see 冇 (“to not have; to not exist; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 冇).

Further reading

• “Entry #8588”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
• “無”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

無

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. nothing
2. nothingness
3. none
4. nil
5. not

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: も (mo)
• Kun: ない (nai, 無い, Jōyō)、なみする (namisuru, 無みする)、なみする (namisuru, 無する)

Compounds

Compounds

• 無(む)明(みょう) (mumyō): unenlightment; ignorance of nirvana
• 神(かん)無(な)月(づき) (kannazuki): (archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar
• 無(む)形(ぎょう) (mugyō): formlessness, bodylessness; something shapeless and invisible
• 無(む)形(けい) (mukei): intangibility; incorporeality
• 無(む)見(けん) (muken): the belief that everything in this world is completely null and void, with no substance
• 無(む)名(めい) (mumei): nameless, anonymous, unsigned; anonymity
• 無(む)用(よう) (muyō): futility; uselessness
• 無(む)機(き) (muki): inorganic
• 無(む)双(そう) (musō): matchless, peerless
• 苦(く)無(ない) (kunai): a kunai
• 無(む)月(げつ) (mugetsu): when the moon is not visible due to rain or some other reason
• 無(ぶ)精(しょう) (bushō): laziness
• 無(む)力(りょく) (muryoku): powerless; incompetent
• 無(む)力(りょく)感(かん) (muryokukan): a feeling of powerlessness
• 無(む)意(い)識(しき) (muishiki): unconscious, unconsciousness
• 無(む)限(げん) (mugen): infinity; limitless; unlimited
• 無(ぶ)人(にん) (bunin): uninhabited, unmanned

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
無
む Grade: 4
goon

Alternative spelling
无

From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). The 呉音 (goon), so likely an earlier borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) む [múꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟]

Noun

無(む) • (mu) 

1. nothing, nothingness
2. (Buddhism) mu; the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or other question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer).

Descendants

• → English: mu

Prefix

無(む) • (mu-) 

1. non-, un-

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
無
ぶ Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 無 (bu). The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.

Prefix

無(ぶ) • (bu-) 

1. non-, un-

Korean

Alternative forms

Yakja (略字, simplified cursive) form of 無.

• 无

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). Recorded as Middle Korean 무 (mwu) (Yale: mwu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mu]
• Phonetic hangul: [무]

Hanja

Wikisource

無 (eumhun 없을 무 (eopseul mu))

1. hanja form^? of 무 (“nothing”)
2. hanja form^? of 무 (“no; non”)
3. hanja form^? of 무 (“(Buddhism) the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or a question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer)”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 무기 (無機, mugi, “inorganic”)
• 무력 (無力, muryeok, “powerlessness”)
• 무명 (無名, mumyeong, “nameless, anonymous, unsigned; anonymity”)
• 무식 (無識, musik, “ignorance”)
• 무용 (無用, muyong, “futility; uselessness”)
• 무용지물 (無用之物, muyongjimul, “useless thing; a fifth wheel”)
• 무의식 (無意識, muuisik, “unconsciousness”)
• 무인도 (無人島, mu'indo, “uninhabited island”)
• 무적 (無敵, mujeok, “invincibility, matchlessness”)
• 무척추 (無脊椎, mucheokchu, “invertebracy”)
• 무한 (無限, muhan, “infinity”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

無: Hán Việt readings: vô, mô
無: Nôm readings: vô, mô

1. chữ Hán form of vô (“without; -less; un-”).

Compounds

Derived terms

• hữu danh vô thực (有名無實)
• hữu dũng vô mưu (有勇無謀)
• vô biên (無邊)
• vô bổ (無補)
• vô cảm (無感)
• vô can (無干)
• vô danh tiểu tốt (無名小卒)
• vô địch (無敵)
• vô độ (無度)
• vô dụng (無用)
• vô duyên (無緣)
• vô giá (無價)
• vô hại (無害)
• vô hiệu (無效)
• vô hình trung (無形中)
• vô ý (無意)
• vô ích (無益)
• vô lại (無賴)
• vô lễ (無禮)
• vô lý (無理)
• vô loại (無類)
• vô lương (無良)
• vô mưu (無謀)
• vô ngã (無我)
• vô nghĩa (無義)
• vô ơn (無恩)
• vô pháp vô thiên (無法無天)
• vô sinh (無生)
• vô số (無數)
• vô song (無雙)
• vô tận (無盡)
• vô thưởng vô phạt (無賞無罰)
• vô tiền khoáng hậu (無前曠後)
• vô tính (無性)
• vô tình (無情)
• vô tội (無罪)
• vô tri vô giác (無知無覺)
• vô tư (無私)
• vô tuyến (無線)
• vô vi (無為)
• bình an vô sự (平安無事)
• đại sự hoá tiểu, tiểu sự hoá vô (大事化小，小事化無)
• nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô (一男曰有，十女曰無)