精

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精 U+7CBE, 精
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE
← 粽
[U+7CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 →
[U+7CBF]

精 U+FA1D, 精
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D
← 靖
[U+FA1C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 羽 →
[U+FA1E]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

[edit]

精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 精
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
trad. 精
simp. # 精
2nd round simp. 𰪱
Note:
  • zing1 - literary;
  • zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
Note: ji1 - in 精明.
Note:
  • cĭng - literary;
  • ciăng - vernacular.
Note:
  • cheng - literary;
  • chiaⁿ - vernacular (“lean”);
  • chiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • zêng1 - literary;
  • zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
Rime
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子盈切
Baxter tsjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 精
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjeng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tseŋ/
English fine rice; pure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
No. 11327
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		精
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsleŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

精

  1. polished rice
  2. essence; energy
  3. spirit; energy; vigour
  4. seminal fluid; semen
  5. spirit; soul
  6. essence; concentrate
  7. demon; goblin
  8. (dialectal, of meat) lean
    Alternative form: 腈
  9. fine; refined
  10. pure; unmixed
  11. concentrated; sincere
  12. clear; bright
  13. exquisite; profound
  14. extremely; very
    叫雨淋了個精溼 [MSC, trad.]
    叫雨淋了个精湿 [MSC, simp.]
    jiào yǔ lín le ge jīng shī [Pinyin]
    Got made extremely wet by the rain.
  15. to be proficient; to be expert at
  16. to expose; to be bare
  17. smart; clever
    你以為你能玩兒得過他？他可精了。誰算計誰還不一定呢！ [MSC, trad.]
    你以为你能玩儿得过他？他可精了。谁算计谁还不一定呢！ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng wánr de guò tā? Tā kě jīng le. Shéi suànji shéi hái bùyīdìng ne! [Pinyin]
    You think you could defeat him? He is witted and alert. That who's going to set whom up is not certain yet!
    做廣告做得好精 [Cantonese, trad.]
    做广告做得好精 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zou6 gwong2 gou3 zou6 dak1 hou2 zeng1 [Jyutping]
    runs crafty advertisements
  18. (Cantonese) Suffix used to describe person with a negative attribute
    大話精／大话精 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 waa6 zing1 [Jyutping]  ―  liar
    馬騮精／马骝精 [Cantonese]  ―  maa5 lau4-1 zing1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  19. Alternative form of 睛
  20. Alternative form of 菁 (jīng)
  21. Alternative form of 晶 (jīng)
  22. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC tsjeng)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 精
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 精液
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 精液, 㞞
Taiwan 精液, 洨, 精
Harbin 㞞, 雞巴湯兒
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 㞞
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 㞞, 精
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 㞞
Wanrong 㞞
Xi'an 㞞
Xining 㞞
Xuzhou 㞞
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 㞞
Lanzhou 㞞
Ürümqi 㞞
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 精水, 精液, 頭兒油, 化豬油, 豬油
Wuhan 漿
Guiyang 精水
Liuzhou 精水
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 㞞
Yangzhou 㞞
Cantonese Guangzhou 𨳍水
Hong Kong 精液, 精
Dongguan 精液
Shaoguan 精水
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 𨳍水
Nanning 𨳍水, 炮油
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 精液
Gan Lichuan 精
Hakka Meixian 𡳞屎
Xingning 𡳞屎
Dabu (Xihe) 精液, 𡳞屎
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 𡳞屎
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 𡳞屎
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 𡳞屎, 潲
Wuhua (Huacheng) 𡳞屎
Wuhua (Changbu) 𡳞屎
Wuhua (Mianyang) 𡳞屎, 潲水
Jiexi 𡳞屎
Changting 淫
Longyan (Yongding) 潲
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 精子
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 潲膏
Liancheng (Juxi) 脧仁
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 精
Yudu 卵屎
Ruijin 卵屎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 潲
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 潲
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 潲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 潲
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 精水
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 潲
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 精水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𡳞屎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𡳞屎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𡳞屎
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 潲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 潲
Hong Kong 𡳞屎
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 精液
Senai (Huiyang) 𡳞屎
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 潲
Bangkok (Meixian) 𡳞屎
Bangkok (Fengshun) 𡳞屎
Huizhou Jixi 㞞, 鳥漿
Shexian 㞞
Huangshan (Tunxi) 精, 㞞
Jin Taiyuan 精液
Pingyao 㞞
Xinzhou 㞞, 㞞糊子
Eastern Min Fuzhou 精
Southern Min Xiamen 潲
Quanzhou 潲
Zhangzhou 潲
Zhao'an 潲
Taipei 潲
Taipei (Wanhua) 潲
New Taipei (Tamsui) 潲
New Taipei (Sanxia) 潲
New Taipei (Pingxi) 潲
Kaohsiung 潲
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 潲
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 潲
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 潲
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 潲
Yilan 潲
Yilan (Luodong) 潲
Yilan (Toucheng) 潲, 精水
Changhua (Lukang) 潲
Taichung 潲
Taichung (Wuqi) 潲
Tainan 潲, 精水
Tainan (Anping) 潲
Taitung 精
Hsinchu 潲
Kinmen 潲
Penghu (Magong) 潲
Penghu (Xiyu) 潲
Penang (Hokkien) 潲
Singapore (Hokkien) 潲
Manila (Hokkien) 潲
Longyan 潲
Chaozhou 潲
Jieyang 潲
Haifeng 潲, 潲水
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 精
Wenchang 精
Haikou 精
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 精, 𨳍水
Wu Shanghai 精, 白脫油, 白脫
Shanghai (Chongming) 㞞
Suzhou 精
Danyang 㞞
Hangzhou 㞞, 陽水
Ningbo 卵漿, 漿水
Wenzhou 頹漿
Jinhua 㞞
Xiang Changsha 卵漿, 精子
Xiangxiang 卵射漿, 精液
Loudi 卵水, 水, 漿, 烏龜尿
Dialectal synonyms of 瘦 (“lean (meat)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瘦
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 瘦
Taiwan 瘦
Harbin 瘦
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 瘦
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 瘦
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 瘦
Wanrong 瘦
Xi'an 瘦
Xining 瘦
Xuzhou 瘦
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 瘦
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 瘦
Wuhan 瘦
Guiyang 瘦
Guilin 瘦
Liuzhou 瘦
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 瘦
Yangzhou 瘦
Hefei 精
Cantonese Guangzhou 瘦
Hong Kong 瘦
Dongguan 瘦
Yangjiang 瘦
Gan Nanchang 瘦, 精
Lichuan 精
Pingxiang 精
Hakka Meixian 精
Yudu 精
Huizhou Jixi 精
Jin Taiyuan 瘦
Northern Min Jian'ou 瘦
Songxi 瘦
Jianyang 瘦
Eastern Min Fuzhou 㾪
Fuqing 㾪
Gutian 㾪
Ningde 赤
Zhouning 㾪
Fuding 赤
Southern Min Xiamen 精, 赤
Quanzhou 精
Yongchun 精, 赤
Zhangzhou 赤
Singapore (Hokkien) 精, 赤
Longyan 精
Datian 㾪
Chaozhou 精
Puxian Min Putian 精
Central Min Yong'an 瘦
Sanming (Shaxian) 瘦
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 瘦
Wu Shanghai 精
Suzhou 精
Danyang 精
Ningbo 精
Wenzhou 精
Jinhua 精
Xiang Changsha 瘦, 精
Loudi 精
Shuangfeng 瘦, 精
Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 聰明
Taiwan 聰明
Malaysia 聰明
Singapore 聰明
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 聰明
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 靈, 靈醒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 精靈, 聰明
Wuhan 聰明
Guilin 聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 聰明
Hefei 聰明
Cantonese Guangzhou 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
Hong Kong 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
Taishan 聰明, 叻, 參
Kaiping (Chikan) 叻
Yangjiang 伶俐, 叻
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 精, 扮𠮨
Singapore (Guangfu) 聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨
Gan Nanchang 精靈, 聰明
Hakka Meixian 聰明, 機靈
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 聰明
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 聰明
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 聰明
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 聰明, 精
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 聰明, 精
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 聰明
Kuching (Hepo) 將
Jin Taiyuan 機靈, 聰明
Northern Min Jian'ou 聰明
Eastern Min Fuzhou 聰明
Southern Min Xiamen 聰明
Quanzhou 聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory
Zhangzhou 聰明
Taipei 聰明, 巧, 明白
Singapore (Hokkien) 聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧
Manila (Hokkien) 巧, 勥, 𠢕
Chaozhou 聰明
Singapore (Teochew) 聰明
Wenchang 精
Singapore (Hainanese) 精
Wu Suzhou 聰明
Ningbo 聰明
Wenzhou 靈, 聰明
Xiang Changsha 靈泛, 聰明
Shuangfeng 聰明

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
trad. 精
simp. # 精
Rime
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子姓切
Baxter tsjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
No. 11337
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		精
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

精

  1. ‡ strong

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
trad. 精
simp. # 精
For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless”).
(This character is a variant form of 晴).

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 精
Kyūjitai
[1]
精
&#xFA1D;
or
精+&#xFE00;?
精󠄀
精+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
精󠄃
精+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
精

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 精)

  1. essence

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
精
せい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

精(せい) • (sei) -na (adnominal 精(せい)な (sei na), adverbial 精(せい)に (sei ni))

  1. detailed, conscientious
  2. pure, refined
Inflection
[edit]
Inflection of 精
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 精だろ せいだろ sei daro
Continuative (連用形) 精で せいで sei de
Terminal (終止形) 精だ せいだ sei da
Attributive (連体形) 精な せいな sei na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 精なら せいなら sei nara
Imperative (命令形) 精であれ せいであれ sei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 精ではない
精じゃない 		せいではない
せいじゃない 		sei de wa nai
sei ja nai
Informal past 精だった せいだった sei datta
Informal negative past 精ではなかった
精じゃなかった 		せいではなかった
せいじゃなかった 		sei de wa nakatta
sei ja nakatta
Formal 精です せいです sei desu
Formal negative 精ではありません
精じゃありません 		せいではありません
せいじゃありません 		sei de wa arimasen
sei ja arimasen
Formal past 精でした せいでした sei deshita
Formal negative past 精ではありませんでした
精じゃありませんでした 		せいではありませんでした
せいじゃありませんでした 		sei de wa arimasen deshita
sei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 精で せいで sei de
Conditional 精なら（ば） せいなら（ば） sei nara (ba)
Provisional 精だったら せいだったら sei dattara
Volitional 精だろう せいだろう sei darō
Adverbial 精に せいに sei ni
Degree 精さ せいさ seisa

Noun

[edit]

精(せい) • (sei) 

  1. polishing, refining
  2. care, conscientiousness
  3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
  4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
  5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
  6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
  7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
  8. semen
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
精
しらげ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

精(しらげ) • (shirage) 

  1. rice polishing, rice milling
  2. polished or milled rice
  3. excellence
Synonyms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “精”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

精: Hán Nôm readings: tinh[1][2][3]

  1. pure, unadulterated; refined
  2. essence, spirit
  3. detailed, conscientious
  4. smart, clever
  5. energy, vigour
  6. demon; goblin; spirit
  7. semen, seminal fluid, a sperm cell

Derived terms

[edit]
Derived terms

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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