狸

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See also: 貍
狸 U+72F8, 狸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72F8
← 狷
[U+72F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狹 →
[U+72F9]

Translingual

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Han character

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狸 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田土 (KHWG), four-corner 46214, composition ⿰犭里)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 711, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20427
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1123, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1348, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+72F8

Chinese

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trad. 狸/貍*
simp. 狸

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
埋 *mrɯː
霾 *mrɯː
薶 *mrɯː
榸 *ʔr'ɯː
厘 *rɯ
狸 *rɯ
貍 *p·rɯ
梩 *rɯ
艃 *rɯ
里 *rɯʔ
理 *rɯʔ
鯉 *rɯʔ
俚 *rɯʔ
悝 *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌 *rɯʔ
裏 *rɯʔ
荲 *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí).

Etymology

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Uncertain. Here some proposals:

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lǐ - literary;
  • sâ̤ - vernacular.
Note:
  • li5 - literary;
  • lai5 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 狸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 里之切
Baxter li
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨ/
Li
Rong 		/liə/
Wang
Li 		/lĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狸 狸
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lí lí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ li › ‹ li ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ə/ /*p.rə/
English 𧳏狸 *pə.[r]ə kind of wild cat (Jiāngnán pron. ap. Guō Pú, ca. 300 CE) kind of wild cat (pron. west of the Hángǔ pass, ap. Fāngyán)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狸
Reading # 1/1
No. 7822
Phonetic
component 		里
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		釐
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯ/
Notes 俗貍字

Definitions

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狸

  1. leopard cat
  2. raccoon dog
  3. (obsolete) cat

Compounds

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Kanji

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狸

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. raccoon dog
  2. wild cat

Readings

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  • Go-on: り (ri)
  • Kan-on: り (ri)
  • Kun: たぬき (tanuki, 狸)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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狸 (tanuki): a raccoon dog
Kanji in this term
狸
たぬき
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
貍

According to one theory, derived from 手貫 (tanuki, “arm glove, gauntlet”), which raccoon dog hide was sometimes used for.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) 

  1. a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides
    Synonyms: マミ (mami), 狢 (mujina)
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:
      狸 兼名苑云狸［音𨤲和名太奴木］摶鳥為粮者也
      Raccoon dog: According to Jian Ming Yuan (兼名苑), raccoon dogs [read as 𨤲 (ri), native Japanese 太奴木 (tanuki)] always prey on birds.
    • 2020 March 21, Kazuki Nakashima, “Rabbit Town”, in BNA ビー・エヌ・エー, episode 2, spoken by Shirou Ogami (Yoshimasa Hosoya), Toho/Netflix:
      アライグマなら尻(しっ)尾(ぽ)にシマがある。どう見(み)でもタヌキだ。
      Araiguma nara shippo ni shima ga aru. Dō mi demo tanuki da.
      If you're a raccoon, you'd have stripes on your tail. No matter how you look at it, you're a raccoon dog.
  2. (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox)
  3. Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
  4. (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep
    狸(たぬき)を決(き)め込(こ)む ― tanuki o kimekomu ― pretend to be a raccoon dog → feign sleep
  5. (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc.
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Proverbs
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Proverbs
Descendants
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  • → English: tanuki, tanooki
See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
狸
たたけ
Hyōgai
irregular
Alternative spelling
狸毛

⟨tatake2⟩ → */tatakəɨ/ → /tatake/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既
      Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko1⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake2⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.
  2. (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes
    • 1445, Ainōshō, published 1446:
      タゝゲノ筆(フデ)ナンド云(イフ)。タゝ毛(ゲ)トハ。タヌキノ毛歟(ケカ)。狸(タヌキ)ノ字(ジ)ヲ。タゝゲトヨム
      Tatage no fude nando iu. Tatage to wa, tanuki no ke ka. Tanuki no ji o, tatage to yomu
      This is a so-called brush [made] of tatage. Tatage [spelled by the character 毛 meaning "hair"] might mean the hair of a raccoon dog. The 狸 character for "raccoon dog" is read as tatage.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
狸
たのき
Hyōgai
irregular

Cognate with tanuki above.

Considered to be a result of irregular apophony in the medieval times.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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狸(たのき) • (tanoki) 

  1. (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog
    • c. 1529, Mōgyūshō
      ししやたのきの様(やう)な人(ひと)でをり候(さうらう)ぞ
      Shishi ya tanoki no yō na hito de ori sōrō zo
      His personality is like a deer or raccoon dog, sir.
  2. (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
See also
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References

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  1. ^ “タヌキ／狸／たぬき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ “狸”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

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Hanja

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狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

  1. (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog

Synonyms

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Okinawan

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Kanji

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狸

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as たぬき.[1]

Noun

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狸(たぬき) (tanuki) 

  1. raccoon dog

References

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  1. ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典, Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 63

Vietnamese

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Han character

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狸: Hán Nôm readings: li

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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