柿
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]柿 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜中月 (DYLB), four-corner 45927, composition ⿰木市)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14681
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67FF
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
柿 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 柹 枾 𣐈 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Originally written as 柹: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 𠂔 ().
The current form is phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 市 (OC *djɯʔ).
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ci5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si3
- Northern Min (KCR): kī
- Eastern Min (BUC): kê
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr5 / shr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci5 / ci5-2
- Yale: chíh / chí
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi5 / tsi5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: qi5 / qi5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː¹³/, /t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si4
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ci5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: cii
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kī
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kê
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ki5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī
- Tâi-lô: khī
- Phofsit Daibuun: qi
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǐ
- Tâi-lô: khǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
- Tâi-lô: sī
- Phofsit Daibuun: si
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
- Tâi-lô: sǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- khī/khǐ - vernacular;
- sī/sǐ - literary.
Note:
- shr5 - vernacular;
- shr4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: dzriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]rijʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]柿
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 丁香柿
- 山紅柿／山红柿
- 新紅柿子／新红柿子
- 朱柿
- 松柿
- 柿仔
- 柿仔花
- 柿子 (shìzi)
- 柿子椒 (shìzijiāo)
- 柿子金
- 柿子餅／柿子饼 (shìzibǐng)
- 柿漆
- 柿盤／柿盘
- 柿粿
- 柿糕
- 柿膏兒／柿膏儿
- 柿花 (shìhuā)
- 柿蒂 (shìdì)
- 柿葉／柿叶
- 柿蔕／柿蒂
- 柿鋪／柿铺 (Shìpù)
- 柿霜 (shìshuāng)
- 柿餅／柿饼 (shìbǐng)
- 椑柿 (bēishì)
- 油柿
- 洋柿
- 流柿
- 洋柿子 (yángshìzi)
- 洋紅柿／洋红柿
- 浸柿
- 火柿子 (huǒshìzi)
- 火盆柿
- 烘柿
- 烏柿／乌柿
- 燈柿／灯柿
- 牛奶柿
- 番仔柿
- 番柿
- 番柿仔
- 紅柿／红柿
- 紅柿仔／红柿仔
- 紅柿囝／红柿囝
- 美國柿／美国柿 (Měiguó shì)
- 脆柿
- 腍柿
- 臭柿仔
- 蓋柿／盖柿
- 西番柿 (xīfānshì)
- 西番柿子
- 西紅柿／西红柿 (xīhóngshì)
- 西紅柿子／西红柿子
- 醂柿
- 霜柿
Descendants
[edit]- → Proto-Mien: *djəiᴮ
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]柿
Readings
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- Not to be confused with 杮 (kokera, “wood chips”). Note that this kanji 柿 (kaki) uses the character 市 (shì) as the right-hand portion, which consists of five strokes with two separate strokes for the central vertical. Meanwhile, 杮 (kokera) uses the character 巿 (fú) as the right-hand portion, which consists of four strokes with a single stroke for the central vertical.
Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柿 |
| かき Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.[1]
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
- /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
- /kataki/ → /kaki/
- /akaki/ → /kaki/
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely,[2] this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 770] a persimmon, especially the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
- [from 1170] Short for 柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon
- [from 1819] a 布子 (nunoko, “cotton-paded clothing”) dyed in kakiiro
- Synonym: 柿衣 (kakiso)
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カキ.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 柿色 (kakīro)
- 柿団扇 (kaki uchiwa)
- 柿衣 (kakigoromo)
- 柿衣, 柿麻 (kakiso)
- 柿染, 柿染め (kakizome)
- 柿糕, 柿餻 (kakizuki)
- 柿膾 (kaki-namasu)
- 柿羊羹 (kaki yōkan)
- 甘柿 (amagaki)
- 淡し柿, 醂し柿 (awashigaki), 淡せ柿, 醂せ柿, 合せ柿, 合わせ柿 (awasegaki)
- 合柿 (Awasegaki), 柿売 (Kakiuri)
- 枝柿 (edagaki)
- 御所柿, 五所柿 (gosho-gaki), 大和柿 (Yamato-gaki)
- 信濃柿 (Shina-no-gaki), 猿柿 (sarugaki), 葡萄柿 (budō-gaki)
- 白柿 (shirogaki)
- 吊るし柿 (tsurushigaki), 釣柿, 釣り柿 (tsurigaki)
- 似柿 (nitarigaki)
- 燻柿, 燻べ柿 (fusubegaki)
- 筆柿 (fudekaki)
- 干し柿, 干柿, 乾し柿 (hoshigaki)
Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: كَاكِي (kākī)
- → Catalan: caqui
- → English: kaki (“persimmon”)
- → German: Kaki
- → Indonesian: kaki (“persimmon”)
- → Italian: cachi (“persimmon”)
- → Portuguese: caqui (“persimmon”)
See also
[edit]- 柿の木 (kaki no ki, “Japanese persimmon tree”)
Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ “柿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 “カキ／柿／かき”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “カキ・柿”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]柿 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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