恩

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See also: 思
恩 U+6069, 恩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6069
← 恨
[U+6068] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恪 →
[U+606A]

Translingual

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Han character

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恩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 田大心 (WKP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱因心)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10591
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+6069

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 恩
alternative forms 㤙

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːn) : phonetic 因 (OC *qin) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ng1 - Chaozhou;
  • eng1 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
  • êng1 - Jieyang;
  • ing1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恩
Mandarin Beijing /ən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ən⁴⁴/
/nən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nən²¹/
Jinan /ŋẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ən²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋẽ²¹/
Xining /nə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /əŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋen⁵⁵/
/en⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /ə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ən³¹/
Hefei /ʐən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /əŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /ən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔen³³/
Wenzhou /ø³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən³³/
Xiangtan /ŋən³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /en⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /en²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /un²³/
Rime
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏痕切
Baxter 'on
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔən/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔən/
Li
Rong 		/ʔən/
Wang
Li 		/ən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		an1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁə[n]/
English kindness, favor

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
No. 15174
Phonetic
component 		因
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		恩
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯːn/

Definitions

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恩

  1. kindness; mercy; charity
  2. affection
  3. a surname: En
  4. (Mainland China) Short for 恩格斯 (Ēngésī, “Engels”).

Synonyms

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  • (kindness):
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  • (affection):
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (恩):
  • → Japanese: 恩(おん) (on)

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: ơn

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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恩

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
  • Kun: めぐみ (megumi, 恩み)

Compounds

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Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
恩
おん
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Noun

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恩(おん) • (on) 

  1. obligation

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

恩 (eumhun 은혜 은 (eunhye eun))

  1. hanja form? of 은 (“favor”)
  2. hanja form? of 은 (“grace”)
  3. hanja form? of 은 (“mercy”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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恩: Hán Việt readings: ân[1][2][3]
恩: Nôm readings: ơn[1][2][3][4][5], ân[1][2][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of ân, ơn (“favor; grace”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

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Classifier

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恩

  1. Sawndip form of aen
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